Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Drugs Affecting the PNS (Part 2) > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting the PNS (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the acetylcholine-like effects?

A

1: Bradycardia
2: Decrease blood pressure
3: Increase GI motility and secretion
4: Smooth muscle contraction in bladder, uterus, bronchioles, and iris
5: Increased secretions
6: Convulsions
7: Stimulation of autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla
8: Skeletal muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for bethanechol?

A

1: Direct acting parasympathomimetic
2: Muscarinic receptor agonist
3: Acts by directly stimulating detrusor muscle contraction of the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What form is bethanechol available in?

A

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main clinical indications of bethenechol?

A

1: Treatment of choice for detrusor muscle atony
2: Part of symptomatic treatment plan for dysautonomia
3: Increases GI motility
4: Stimulates uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the precautions for bethanechol?

A

SLUDD signs may be seen with high doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the contraindications of bethanechol?

A

1: Contraindicated in urethral obstruction
2: Contraindicated if GI obstruction present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are overdosing worries with bethanechol?

A

1: Typically will see excessive muscarinic effects
2: In very high doses, more life0threatening cholingeric signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the reversible anticholinesterases?

A

1: Neostigmine
2: Pyridostigmine
3: Edrophonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main mechanism for the parasympathomimetic indirect-acting drugs?

A

1: Competitive antagonism of acetylcholinesterase
2: Compete with Ach for acetycholinesterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Neostigmine?

A

1: Indirect acting parasympathomimetic
2: Acetylcholinesterase antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What form is Neostigmine available in?

A

Oral tablets or injectable solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the onset and duration of action for Neostigmine?

A

Relatively short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the clinical indications of Neostigmine?

A

1: reversal agent of choice for reversal of competitive neuromuscular blockers (NMB)
2: Labeled for treatment of rumen atony
3: Stimulates GI motility and increases bladder emptying
4: May aid in the diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) in dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the precautions for Neostigmine?

A

SLUDD signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the contraindications for Neostigmine?

A

1: Peritonitis
2: GI obstruction
3: Urinary tract obstruction
4: Late pregnancy —> risk abortion
5: Presence of other cholinesterase inhibitors —> risk of synergism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of action for pyridostimgine?

A

1: Indirect acting parasympathomimetic
2: Acetylcholinersterase antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What form is pyridostimgine available in?

A

Oral tablet, extended release tablets, oral syrup or as injectable solution

18
Q

What is the onset and duration of action for Pyridostigine?

A

1: Generally clinical effects seen ~ 1hr after oral dosing
2: Last longer than neostigmine —> clinically up to 8-12hrs.

19
Q

What are the clinical indications for pyridostimgine?

A

Treatment of choice for myasthenia gravis in dogs —> long-term maintenance therapy

20
Q

What are the precautions and contraindications for pyridostimgine?

A

1: SLUDD signs, pre-existing high vagal tone
2: Usually dose-related cholingeric effects

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action for edrophonium?

A

1: Indirect acting parasympathomimetic
2: Acetylcholinesterase antagonist

22
Q

What form is edrophonium available in?

A

10mg/mL solution for injection

23
Q

What is the onset and duration of action for edrophonium?

A

1: Very fast acting —> onset within 1 minute
2: Very short duration —> lasts ~ 10 minutes

24
Q

What are the clinical indications for endrophonium?

A

1: Main use - Tensilon Test for myasthenia gravis
2: Reversal of non-depolarizing NMB’s

25
Q

What are the precautions and contraindications for edrophonium?

A

Usually mild SLUDD signs

26
Q

What are the atropine-like effects?

A

1: Tachycardia
2: Mydriasis
3: Dries secretions
4: Reduces salivation
5: Slows gut
6: Bronchodilation
7: Blurred vision
8: Difficulty with urination

27
Q

What is the mechanism of atropine sulfate?

A

1: Direct-acting parasympatholytic
2: Muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
3: Tertiary compound —> can cross the BBB

28
Q

What form is atropine available in?

A

Injectable solution

29
Q

What are the clinical indications for atropine?

A

1: Treatment of bradyarrhythmias/bradycardia
2: Cardiac arrest
3: Reduces upper respiratory and GI secretions
4: Treatment of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
5: Treatment of cholingergic crisis

30
Q

What are the precautions for atropine?

A

1: Transient drop in heart rate seen initially after IV injection, then it will increase rapidly
2: May cause tachycardia or exacerbate tachyarrhythmias
3: Rabbits have endogenous atropinases

31
Q

What are the contraindications for atropine?

A

1: Glaucoma
2: Tachycardia, tachyarrhythmias
3: Hypothermic bradycardia patients
4: Certain Gi diseases, obstructive urinary tract disease, myasthenia gravis

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action for glycopyrrolate?

A

1: Direct acting parasympatholytic
2: Muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
3: Quaternary compound —> Does not cross the BBB

33
Q

What is the onset and duration of action for glycopyrrolate?

A

Slower onset and action and longer duration of action compared to atropine

34
Q

What are the clinical indications for gylcopyrrolate?

A

1: Can be used as a pre-medication as part of an anesthesia protocol
2: Reduces upper respiratory and GI secretions
3: Can be used to reduce hypersialism
4: In horses, shown to be superior in reducing cholingeric adverse effects of imidocarb

35
Q

What are the precautions for gylcopyrrolate?

A

1: Transient drop in heart rate seen initially after IV injection, then it will increase rapidly
2: May cause tachycardia or exacerbate tachyarrhythmias
3: Rabbits have endogenous atropinases
4: Less likely to cause CNS effects
5: Generally less arrhythmogenic than atropine
6: Duration of action is longer

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action for oxybutynin and propantheline?

A

1: Direct acting parasympatholytic
2: Muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
3: GI or urinary antispasmodic agents (Relaxation of the detrusor muscle)

37
Q

Does oxybutynin cross the BBB?

A

Yes

38
Q

Does propantheline cross the BBB?

A

No

39
Q

What form is oxybutynin and propantheline available in?

A

1: Oral tablet
2: ER tablet
3: Syrup
4: Topical

40
Q

What form is glycopyrrolate available in?

A

IV solution

41
Q

What are the clinical indications of oxybutynin and propantheline?

A

1: Main use for urinary antispasmodic to treat detrusor muscle instability

42
Q

What are the precautions and contraindications for oxybutynin and propantheline?

A

1: Potential to cause other parasympatholytic signs
2: Avoid in glaucoma, tachycardia and ileus

Pharmacology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions