Drugs Affecting BP Flashcards
What are the three elements determine blood pressure?
Heart rate
Stroke volume
Total peripheral resistance
What are some situations in which hypotensive states can occur?
Heart muscle is damaged and unable to pump effectively
Severe blood loss
Extreme stress when the body’s level of norepinephrine are depleted
What are the risks for CAD related to hypertension?
Thickening of the heart muscle
Increased pressure generated by the muscle on contraction
Increased workload of the heart
What are the conditions related to untreated hypertension
CAD & Cardiac death
Stroke
Renal failure
Loss of vision
What are the types of drugs that are used to control blood pressure?
Diuretics
Beta-blockers
ACE inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Decreases serum sodium levels and blood volume
Diuretics
Leads to a decrease in heart rate and strength of contraction as well as vasodilation
Beta-Blockers
Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II; ARB: blocking effects of angiotensin on blood vessels at receptor sites
ACE Inhibitors
Relaxes muscle contraction or other autonomic blockers
Calcium channel blockers
What are the sympathetic nervous system blockers
Beta-1 selective blocking agents
Alpha-adrenergic blockers
Alpha1-blockers
Nonselective adrenergic blocking agents
What is the prototype for Beta 1 - Selective Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol
Lisinopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril, captopril are what kinds of drugs?
ACE Inhibitors
What is the prototype for ACE inhibitors
Captopril
What is the prototype for Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Losartan
What is the prototype for calcium channel blockers
Diltiazem
