Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation Flashcards
In a blood vessel injury what seals off the small injury?
Local vasoconstriction
What forms the platelet plug when a blood vessel injury occurs?
Platelet aggregation
When a blood vessel injury occurs what type of factor is activated?
The Hageman factor
What converts prothrombin to thrombin in a blood vessel injury?
Intrinsic factor
What is converted to thrombin to seal the system when a blood vessel injury?
Prothrombin
What seals the system when a blood vessel injury occurs?
Thrombin
What clots the blood that has leaked out of the vascular system?
The extrinsic pathway
In a blood vessel injury what is left over after the platelets are gone. This typically happens between 24 and 48 hours.
Fibrin
When testing for a blood clot what protein is picked up in the D-dimer test?
Fibrin
What happens during fibrinolysis?
The clot is removed
What initiates fibrinolysis?
Release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
What does plasminogen get converted to during fibrinolysis?
Plasminogen
What converts plasminogen to plasmin?
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
What digests fibrin strands during fibrinolysis?
Plasmin
True or false:
Fibrinolysis is not regulated
False:
It is regulated so unwanted clots are removed and only fibrin is left.
What do anticoagulants do?
They interfere with the clotting cascade and thrombin formation
What is the action of an antiplatelet?
It alters the formation of the platelet plug
What is the action of thrombolytic drugs?
They break down the thrombus that has been formed by stimulating the plasmin system.
What happens in a thromboembolic disorder?
It is a condition that predisposes a person to the formation of clots and emboli
What happens in a Hemorrhagic disorder?
The individual experiences excess bleeding.
What is the number range during the Prothrombin Time (PT)
10-13
What number range wanted for the international normalized ration (INR)?
Less than 2.0
When taking antiplatelet drugs what are you at increased risk for?
Bruising
Why would an individual take an antiplatelet drug?
If they have a condition that prone to form clots
What is the prototype drug for antiplatelets?
Aspirin
How do antiplatelet medications work? A. Interfere with the clotting cascade B. After the formation of the platelet plug C. Stimulates the plasmin system D. Initiates the clotting cascade
B. After the formation of the platelet plug
What is the pregnancy category for the anticoagulant warfarin?
x
What is the factor Xa inhibitor?
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
If the patient is on warfarin what is the corresponding lab test?
Prothrombin time (PT)
What form does the drug Warfarin come in?
Tablet form
What tests need to be done when taking heparin?
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
What form does heparin come in?
Liquid injection
What is the prototype for anticoagulant?
Heparin
What is the Low-molecular-weight heparin?
Enoxoparin
True or false:
Thrombolytic agents cross the placenta and may go into the breast milk.
True
What type of drug do you give if a patient is presumed to have had a stroke?
Thrombolytic agent
What is the prototype for thrombolytic agents?
Urokinase
The pharmacology instructor is talking to the student about low-molecular-weight-heparin medications. What would the instructor indicate as an advantage to these medications?
A. Indicated for patients who are on an exercise regimen.
B. Initiates angiogenesis
C. Blocking factors IXa and Iaa
D. Cause fewer systemic adverse effects
D. Causes fewer systemic adverse effects
What is the number one bleeding disorder that is treated with clotting factors?
Hemophilia
True or false:
Hemophiliacs are most commonly females.
False:
Most are male
What nursing interventions need to be done when giving antihemophillic drugs?
Lots of patient teaching
What is the prototype for antihemophillic drugs?
Antihemophillic factor
True or false:
Every patient that receives an antihemophillic factor gets the same drug.
False:
Each patient receives a specific factor.
