Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Flashcards
What are two reason patients become infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria?
- Not finishing antibiotics
- taking them when infected by a virus
What is the best way to break the chain of infection?
Hand hygiene
What is one way to help a person not destroy all the good bacteria in their body while they’re taking antibiotics?
By taking probiotics at the same time.
Airborne precautions:
- Negative pressure room with door closed.
- Health care providers wear N-95 respirator mask at all time in the room
Droplet precautions:
- Wear a mask
- Door may remain open
- Transmission is limited to close contact
Contact precautions:
- Use of barriers to prevent transmission
- Emphasize cautious technique
- Organism easily transmitted from patient to health care worker
You are the charge nurse on a 40 bed med/surg floor. ER calls with a person being admitted with the flu. You have no private rooms left. You would NOT put this patient in with which of the following?
A. Patient with hemoglobin of 9.8
B. Patient with a sodium of 122.
C. Patient with a WBC of 2200.
D. Patient with a platelet count of 500,000
C. Nutripeanic do not want to place a patient with the flu in there.
What are the signs and symptoms of the flu?
Fever, muscle ache, lethargy, anorexia.
What is the most important thing to teach a patient about antibiotics?
Take the dosage as prescribed and finish the whole prescription.
What does VRE stand for?
Vancomycin- Resistant Enterococcus
What does PRSP stand for?
Penicillin-Resistant S. pneumoniae
What is an example for Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae?
Klebsiella
-out break in California
What does C. difficile commonly cause?
nosocomial diarrhea
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus
What does VRSA stand for?
Vancomycin Resistant Staph Aureus
What are the 4 core actions to prevent antibiotic resistance from the CDC?
- Prevent Infections.
- Tracking by CDC to help develop strategies.
- Improving Antibiotic prescribing and stewardship.
- Developing new antibiotics.
Where does MRSA colonize?
In the nares and on skin
How is MRSA transmitted?
By direct physical contact
What may manifest due to a soft tissue infection of MRSA?
Abscesses or cellulitis.
How do they treat mild infections of MRSA?
Mupirocin
How do they treat moderate to severed infections of MRSA?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaole, and Vancomycin.
How is Mupirocin prescribed and how long does a patient use it for?
It is a prescription topical ointment and you use it until the wound heals.
If a patient has VRSA what kind of precautions are used in the hospital?
- ALWAYS in a private room
- Full contact precautions.
How does VRE occur?
Due to frequent use of vancomycin.
How is VRE transmitted and what is contaminated with it in the hospital?
Transmitted on the hands of health care workers.
Equipment is contaminated.
If a patient has VRE what kind of room would they be placed in?
A private room or with another VRE patient
What are the 4 common VRE infections (where are they found).
- In patients receiving healthcare
- Bloodstream infections
- Surgical site infections
- Urinary tract infections.
How is PRSP (penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae) acquired?
Communally, through droplets
What must a health care worker treating a patient with PRSP (penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae) wear?
A mask if within 3 feet.
If a bacteria becomes resistant to carbapenem what is it also resistant to?
All B-lactam antibiotics
When is carbapenem used?
As a last resort for treatment of serious gram negative infections.
If a patient has CRE what type of precautions is the patient put on?
Contact
Wherever possible what does the hospital dedicate for patients with CRE?
They dedicate:
Rooms, equipment and staff.
How do patients acquire C. Difficile?
Due to frequent use of broad spectrum antibiotics.
What do you need to test to see if a patient has C. Difficile?
Watery stools
How long can C. Difficult spores live outside the human body?
Months
-clinging to every hospital surface and even skin.
