Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Pharmacology > Drugs Affecting Blood > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Hematinics

A

Increase biosynthesis of Hb
Vitamin B12/ complexes, Folic acid, Iron, copper, cobalt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microcytic Anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia of baby pigs
Protein deficiency in diet
Copper deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency
Cobalt deficiency in ruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitamin B12: Cobalamine

A

Acquired from diet (meats) and GIT microbes (large intestine)
Needed for DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cobalamine formulations

A

Pure cyanocobalamin- synthetic form (oral, inj or nasal spray)
Hydroxycobalamine: IM/ IV for severe deficiencies
Intracellular forms (methyl and adenosylcobaminine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Feline B12 deficiency effects

A

Irritable bowel syndrome and pancreatic insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO/ rhEPO)

A

Endogenous glycoprotein hormone
Source: liver and kidney cells
Precautions: cases of hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epoetin alfa uses

A

IV/SC- dogs and cats with renal disease/ chronic anemia (decreased EPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Iron therapy

A

Corrects physical symptoms and decreased Hb levels
Used when dogs/cats on erythropoietin or darbepoetin therapy
Indicated by blood loss
Toxic effect: microcytic hypochromic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A

Oral iron preparation (tablets or drops)
Replenishes Fe stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Iron Dextran

A

Parenteral prep of Fe
IM: treat prophylaxis of iron deficiency in neonatal food animals
Dogs, cats and swine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 types of coagulation modifers

A

Anticoagulants
Hemostatics
Thrombolytics/ fibrolytics
Antiplatelet agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent venous and arterial clot formation
Inhibits specific clotting factors
Drug: heparin, Vit. K antagonist (coumarin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hemostatics

A

Promote clot stability
Inhibits fibrin destruction
Drug: topical agents, vitamin K, desmopressin acetate, protamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thrombolytics/ fibrinolytics

A

Removal of existing clot
Dissolution of fibrin clot by drug action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antiplatelet Agents

A

Prevents arterial clot formation
Inhibition of platelet actions
Drugs: Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine, Dipyrimadole, Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)

A

Blood transfusions: anticoagulant
Maintains high levels of erythrocytes post-transfusion (20 days in dogs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Heparin LMW

A

Molecular weight: 5,000
Safe: only binds to AT- inhibits Xa, less IIa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heparin clinical uses

A

Management of DIC
Arterial thrombi in cats
Low dose to decrease complication of HW adulticide treatment
Pulmonary thromboembolism

20
Q

Heparin adverse effects

A

Transient thrombocytopenia, hypersensitivity, hemorrhage and anaphylaxis

21
Q

Contraindicated heparin

A

Bleeding disorders, severe hypertension
Recent trauma (intra-cranial hemorrhage)
Bacterial endocarditis

22
Q

Reversal agent of Heparin

A

Protamine sulfate, IV

23
Q

Dicumoarol and Warfarin

A

Vit. K antagonists/ Courmarin derivatives
Inhibits synthesis of Vit. K- dependent clotting factors
Reversed with IV/PO Vit. K

24
Q

Dicumoarol and Warfarin uses

A

Main: rodenticides
Rarely used in cats for thromboembolism

25
Q

Thromboplastin (TH)

A

Promotes prothrombin to thrombin conversion
Local hemostatic, measure PT time

26
Q

Thrombin (TH)

A

Promotes fibrinogen to fibrin conversion
Controls bleeding
Adhesive skin graft

27
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Converted by thrombin to fibrin
Skin graft adhesive
Restores norm. plasma fibrinogen

28
Q

Fibrin foam (TH)

A

Applied directly with pressure to stop hemorrhage

29
Q

Absorbable Gelatin Sponge (TH)

A

Soaked in thrombin and absorbs bleeding after closing operating wounds
Used in capillary or venous bleeding

30
Q

Microcrystalline collagen (TH)

A

Adheres to wet surfaces
Controls hemostasis or venoarterial anastomosis or surgery of spleen and liver

31
Q

Epinephrine and NE (TH)

A

Local control of bleeding from small vessels

32
Q

Styptics (TH)

A

Oldest blood clotting drugs
Ex: ferric sulphate, alum, tannic acids, zince chloride

33
Q

Oxidized Cellulose (TH)

A

Aids in coagulation between Hb and celluosic acid forming the gummy matrix for clot formation

34
Q

Vitamin K

A

Systemic hemostatic drug
Treats vit. K antagonist rodenticide intoxication
Aids in production of clotting factors

35
Q

3 forms of Vitamin K

A

K1- Phytonadione (plant)
K2- Menaquinone (microorganisms)
K3- Menadione (Synthetic)

36
Q

How vit. K given

A

Orally and SC

37
Q

Why shouldn’t you give Vit. K in other ways

A

IM: fatal hemorrhage
IV: anaphylactic rx

38
Q

What does vit. K do in birds?

A

Coccidiosis treatment by sulfonamides by destroying intestinal microorganisms

39
Q

What does vit. K do in pigs

A

Treat low levels of vit. K with in swine porcine hemorrhagic syndrome in weaned pigs

40
Q

What does vit. K do in cats?

A

Treats heredity vit. K deficiency in Devon Rex Cats

41
Q

Desmopressin Acetate (SH)

A

Controls bleedings in animals with low Wilebrand factor (dobermans, shepherds, pinschers, retrievers)
Given SC

42
Q

Protamine (SH)

A

Neutralizes acidic heparin
Treats heparin overdosing
Derived sperm of salmon

43
Q

How are antiplatelet agents used clinically?

A

Prevent thrombotic diseases
Prevents thrombi (feline cardiomyopathy)
Reduce pulmonary endateritis (HW disease)
Laminitis and naviculae disease in horses

44
Q

Aspirin/ Acetyl salicylic acid

A

NSAID, inhibition of primary hemostasis and thromboxane syntheisis in platelets
Prevents platelet aggregation

45
Q

What does aspirin do at low doses?

A

Anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant:
1.DIC
2. Pulmonary arterial disease secondary to heart worm infestation
3. Cardiomyopathy in cats
4. Adjunctive treatment of glomerular disease

1. Pharmacology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions