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1. Pharmacology > Behavior modifying drugs > Flashcards

Behavior modifying drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Major BMD drug classes

A

Antipsychotics (antidope)
Anxiolytics
Antidepressants
Miscellaneous drugs

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2
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Acepromazine: phenothiazine derivative
Blocks D2 dopamine receptor
Extralabel (tranquilizer) for behavior

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3
Q

Different anxiolytics

A

Benzodiazepines (diapzepam)
Azapirones (buspirone)
Nonbenzodiazepine (zapelon)

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4
Q

Benzodiazepines MOA

A

Positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor → binds to BZD site of GABA receptor → enhances action of GABA (↑Cl influx) → inhibits monoamine NT release in CNS

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5
Q

Clinical uses of Benzodiazepines

A

Dogs: fears, phobias, anxiety
Cats: urine spraying, travel, anxiety

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6
Q

Benzodiazepine drugs

A

Diazepam*
Alprazolam
Clorazepate
Lorazepam
Oxazepam

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7
Q

Benzodiazepines side effects

A

Sedation, ataxia, muscle relaxation, ↑ appetite, paradoxical excitation, memory deficits
IM: muscle necrosis

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8
Q

Benzodiazepines side effect in cats

A

Hepatic necrosis (rare but fatal)

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9
Q

Benzodiazepines dependence

A

Withdrawal/ discontinuation syndrome
Nervousness, tremors, seizures
Reversed by admin of same drug

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10
Q

How is withdrawal/ discontinuation syndrome avoided?

A

Avoided by tapering the BZD dose 25% per week for a month

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11
Q

Buspirone (azapirone, type of anxiolytic)

A

Few side effects, no dependence or disinhibition
Few drug interactions
Delayed effects, takes weeks

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12
Q

Buspirone MOA

A

Full agonist at presynaptic 5HT1A receptors (↓ serotonin synthesis and release)

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13
Q

Busoprione uses

A

Dogs: general anxiety
Cats: urine spraying, reduce anxiety

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14
Q

Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics

A

Zaleplon, eszopiclone, zolpidem
Treats acute-onset, severe phobia states: thunderstorm, separation anxiety

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15
Q

Antidepressants

A

TCAs (tricyclic)
SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
MAOIs (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
Atypical antidepressants

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16
Q

TCAs use in dogs

A

Aggression
Canine compulsive disorders
Various anxiety states

17
Q

TCAs in cats

A

Aggression
Inappropriate urination and spraying
Excessive grooming
Anxiety states
Excessive vocalization

18
Q

TCAs side effects

A

Antihistamine: mid sedation, vomiting
Anti-cholinergic: dry mouth, constipation , urinary retention
Lower seizure threshold

19
Q

Contraindication of TCAs

A

Glaucoma
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
can use but need to lubricate eyes

20
Q

TCA overdose

A

Risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias
Treat with lidocaine (lavage, charcoal too)

21
Q

TCA drugs

A

Clomipramine (more serotonin selective) **
Antitriptyline
Imipramine

22
Q

Fluoxetine (SSRI)

A

Only FDA approved drug in group for dogs
RECONCILE in vet med

23
Q

Fluoxetine in dogs

A

Anxiety
Aggression
Compulsive behavior (acral lick dermatitis)

24
Q

Fluoxetine in cats

A

Urine spraying
Aggression
Compulsive behavior (psychogenic alopecia and fabric chewing)

25
Q

Fluoxetine side effects

A

Sedation and anorexia most common
More GI side effects in cats

26
Q

Selegiline (MAOIs)

A

Only approved in group
Inhibits dopamine metabolism in the CNS

27
Q

Clinical use for selegiline

A

K9 cognitive dysfunction (disorder of elderly dogs): ↓ social interactions, loss of house training, confusion, changes in sleep cycle

28
Q

Selegiline side effects

A

High doses: hyperactivity and stereotypical behavior

29
Q

What happens if you combine MAIOs with TCA or SSRIs?

A

Fatal serotonin syndrome
not effective in treating condition, use second drug at least 14 days after

30
Q

Trazadone (atypical antidepressant)

A

Mixed serotonergjc agonist/ antagonist
Used for mild thunderstorm phobia, adjunct to TCA or SSRI

31
Q

Side effects if trazodone

A

GI: vomiting, diarrhea (start low) first few days of treatment

32
Q

Mirtazapine (atypical antidepressants) MOA

A

A2 antagonist with noradrenergic and serotonergic effects
Antagonist of H1 receptors (sedative)
Antagonist of 5HT3 receptors (antiemetic)

33
Q

Mirtazapine uses

A

Anorexia in dogs and cats

34
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Phenobarbital: tail chasing and aggression (dogs)
Carbamepine: aggression (cats and dogs)
not used- controlled substance and side effects

35
Q

Narcotic Antagonists

A

Naltrexone: compulsive behaviors like self-traumatic licking, tail chasing, pacing in zoos and labs

36
Q

Hormone therapy

A

Sedating effects of megestrol acetate (harsh effects)
Calming effects of melatonin

37
Q

Beta-blockers

A

Propanolol (adjunct therapy)

38
Q

Tramadol

A

Opiate agonist and reuptake inhibitors of NE and serotonin

39
Q

Duration of treatment

A

Treatment for 2 months after satisfactory response, ↓ dose over weeks then discontinue or reinstate for additional 6 months (then repeat)

1. Pharmacology (29 decks)

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