Adrenergic Antagonists

Question 1

What are 2 non-selective a blockers?

Answer 1

Phentolamime and Phenoxybenzamine

Question 2

Phentolamine

Answer 2

Competitive a-blocker (reversible)
Used in hypertension (cocaine induced)

Question 3

Phentolamine a1 block

Answer 3

Within 2 minutes: peripheral vasodilation and decreased BP, elicit baroreceptor-mediated cardiac stimulation reflex

Question 4

Phentolamine a2 block

Answer 4

Enhanced neural release of NE

Question 5

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 5

Non competitive (irreversible)
1-2 days to synthesize new receptors
a1>a2 blockage
Used for malignant hypertension snd pheochromocytoma

Question 6

Selective a1 blockers

Answer 6

Prazosin
Terazosin
Tamsulosin

Question 7

Prazosin

Answer 7

Most potent and highly selective
Used in systemic hypertension in dogs, benign prostatic hyperplasia
Doesn’t oriudce reflex tachycardia (no a2 blockade)

Question 8

Terazosin

Answer 8

Long-acting
Humans for reaction of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 9

Tamsulosin

Answer 9

Selective for a1A receptors (prostate) and a1B in BVs
Used in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 10

_______________ used to decrease intraocular pressure in glaucoma

Answer 10

Bunazosin

Question 11

Selective a2 blockers

Answer 11

Yohimbine and atipamezole

Question 12

Yohimbine

Answer 12

Alkaloid from plants
Blocks a2 receptors at lower concentration
Reverse effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine overdose
Antipode to amitraz poisoning

Question 13

Atipamezole

Answer 13

Synthetic
Reversal drug for medetomidime and dexmedetomidine induced adverse effects

Question 14

Non-selective b adrenergic antagonists (first generation)

Answer 14

Propranolol
Pindolol
Nadolol
Sotalol
Timolol

Question 15

Propranolol

Answer 15

Interacts equally with b1 and b2 receptors by decreasing HR and bronchospasms
Migraines and decreases aqueous humor production (open angle glaucoma)

Question 16

Nonselective B blockers are not recommended in patients with ________

Answer 16

Asthma or COPD

Question 17

Another name for b1 selective blockers (second generation)

Answer 17

Cardio-selective b-blockers

Question 18

b1 selective blockers (second generation)

Answer 18

Atenolol
Betaxolol
Esmolol
Acebutalol
Metoprolol

Question 19

Uses of B blockers

Answer 19

Hypertension
Angina pectoris
Cardiac arrhythmias
Myocardial infarction
Glaucoma
Migraine

Question 20

3rd generation b blockers

Answer 20

Act on BVs to cause vasodilation and treatment if hypertension
Non-selective: carvedilol and ladetalol
Selective: nebivolol and betaxolol

Question 21

Nebivolol

Answer 21

B1 selective
Induces nitric oxide release from endothelial cells causing vasodilation

Question 22

Betaxolol

Answer 22

Blocks calcium channels
Reduces intraocular pressure when applied
Used for glaucoma treatment

Question 23

Carvedilol and nebivolol also has _________ properties

Answer 23

Antioxidant

Question 24

What drugs prevent NE release?

Answer 24

Guanethidine and Bretylium
(Only interfere at neuron level not organ)

Question 25

Which drug is the first to interfere with synthesis?

Answer 25

Methyl-p-tyrosine (metyrosine) will inhibit the enzyme try’s one hydroxylase requireD to form DOPA

Question 26

Reserpine

Answer 26

In horses used as a long-acting tranquilizer (sedation)
Inhibits uptake of NE into storage vesicles
Antihyoertensive and antipsychotic

Question 27

__________ is the response to reserpine

Answer 27

Methamphetamine

Question 28

Which drugs inhibit the release of NT?

Answer 28

Guanethidine and betanidone
Inhibit noradrenaline transport to nerve terminal by occupying carrier protein that takes it from vesicles to nerve terminal

Question 29

Bretylium

Answer 29

Neuron nerve blocking agent used in humans as a anti hypertensive drug