Drugs Acting on the Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

Renin-angiotensin system functions

A

Controls sodium excretion and body fluid volume

Regulates blood pressure

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2
Q

Renin

A

Aspartyl protease made in kidney (responsible for vasopressor response)

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3
Q

Angiotensin

A

Cofactor to renin that stimulates vasoconstriction

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4
Q

Angiotensin II

A

Constricts branches of artery
Regulates aldosterone secretion
Stimulates release of vasopressin from hypothalamus

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5
Q

Aldosterone

A

Controls reabsorption of sodium into the blood stream
Increases sodium levels in plasma
Increases blood volume and vascular resistance
Stimulates production of endothelin (regulates smooth muscle contraction and blood pressure)

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6
Q

Vasopressin

A

Antidiuretic hormone

Released when dehydrated to conserve water

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7
Q

Kinins

A

Vasodilators formed by proteolytic enzymes circulating in the plasma
Control Na and K balance and arterial blood pressure

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8
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

A

Nonspecific peptidyldipeptide hydrolase (converts Ang I to Ang II)
Promotes vasoconstriction

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9
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Inhibit cleavage of Ang I to Ang II

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10
Q

ACE inhibitor prodrugs

A

Treat mild-to-moderate hypertension

Most have a 2-(S)-aminophenylbutyric acid ethyl ester moiety

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11
Q

Angiotensin II receptors

A

AT1, AT2, AT3, AT4
G-protein coupled receptors
AT1: target for managing specific cardiovascular disease (stimulation results in vasoconstriction, etc.)

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12
Q

Main effect of angiotensin antagonists

A

Block stimulation of AT1 by Ang II

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13
Q

Renin inhibitors

A

Inhibit cleavage of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Used to manage cardiovascular disease

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14
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

A

Inhibit sodium resorption in distal tubule of nephron, reducing urinary K+ excretion
Results in a weak diuretic effect and decreases cardiac workload

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