DRUGS ACTING ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (finals 1) Flashcards
The ___________ is sometimes called the involuntary or visceral nervous system with the person having because it mostly little functions conscious awareness of its activity.
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is sometimes called the _________ with the person having because it mostly little functions conscious awareness of its activity.
involuntary or visceral nervous system
Working closely with the _______ the
ANS helps to body’s internal regulate and integrate the functions within a relatively
narrow range of normal on a minute-to-minute
basis
endocrine system
The ANS integrates parts of the _____ and ______ to automatically react to changes in the internal and external environments
central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral central nervous system
also called a sympathomimetic drug because it
mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous
system (SNS).
ADRENERGIC AGENTS
ADRENERGIC AGENTS is also called a sympathomimetic drug because it
mimics the effects of the ______________
sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
Adrenergic drugs are also called sympathomimetic drugs because they produce effects similar to those produced by the
__________
sympathetic nervous system
action in which the drug acts directly on the organ or tissue innervated (supplied with nerves or nerve impulses) by the sympathetic nervous system
direct-acting
action in which the drug triggers the release of a
neurotransmitter, usually norepinephrine
indirect-acting
action in which the drug has direct and indirect actions.
dual-acting
These drugs generally are indicated for the treatment of hypotensive states or shock,
bronchospasm, and some types of asthma
ALPHA-ANDBETA-ADRENERGICAGONISTS
Typically, activation of alpha-adrenergic
receptors generates an ___________
except for intestinal relaxation.
excitatory response
Activation of the beta-adrenergic receptors mostly produces an ______, except in the cells of the heart, where norepinephrine
produces excitatory effects
inhibitory response
Usually indicated for treatment of essential hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, to ease opiate withdrawal, cold and allergies, and
shock and shock-like states
ALPHA-SPECIFIC ADRENERGICAGONISTS
Use to manage and treat bronchial spasm asthma, and other obstructive
pulmonary conditions
BETA-SPECIFIC ADRENERGICAGONISTS
Are called sympatholytic drugs because they lyse, or block, the effects of sympathetic nervous system
ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
These drugs do not block the presynaptic alpha2-receptor sites, the reflex tachycardia that accompanies a fall in blood pressure does not occur. They also block smooth muscle receptors in the prostate, prostatic capsule, prostatic urethra, and urinary bladder neck, which leads to a relaxation of the bladder and prostate and improved flow of urine in male patients.
ALPHA1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
These drugs are preferred for patients who smoke or who have asthma, any other obstructive pulmonary disease, or seasonal or allergic rhinitis
BETA1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
Used to treat cardiovascular problems (hypertension, angina, migraine headaches) and to prevent reinfarction after MI.
NONSELECTIVE BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS
Direct-acting ________ occupy receptor sites for ACh on the membranes of the effector cells of the postganglionic cholinergic nerves, causing increased stimulation of the cholinergic receptor. Cholinergic agonists work either directly or indirectly.
cholinergic agonists
The _________ act at cholinergic receptors
in the peripheral nervous system to mimic the effects of ACh and parasympathetic stimulation.
direct-acting cholinergic agonists
The direct-acting cholinergic agonists are similar to ____ and react directly with receptor sites to cause the same reaction as if ____ had stimulated the receptor sites.
These drugs usually stimulate muscarinic receptors within the parasympathetic system.
Ach