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PHARMACOLOGY > BASICS (first ppt) > Flashcards

BASICS (first ppt) Flashcards

1
Q

Is a scientific name that precisely describes its anatomic and molecular structure

A

Chemical Name

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2
Q

Abbreviation of the chemical name

A

Generic Name

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3
Q

• Brand name or Proprietary name
• Selected by the drug company selling
the product
• These are protected by copyright

A

Trade name

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4
Q

• Brand name or Proprietary name
• Selected by the drug company selling
the product
• These are protected by copyright

A

Trade name

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5
Q

The symbol _____ indicates the name is
registered by and restricted to the
drug manufacturer

A

®

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6
Q

(pouch between the cheek and gum)

A

Buccal

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7
Q

(under the tongue)

A

Sublingual

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8
Q

(on the tongue)

A

Translingually

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9
Q

Allows direct installation of medication into the GI system of patients who can’t ingest the drug orally

A

Gastric

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10
Q

the _____ route allows injection of substances (drugs, fluids, blood or blood products, and diagnostic contrast agents) directly into the bloodstream through a vein

A

Intravenous

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11
Q

• administration can range from a single dose to an ongoing infusion delivered with great precision

A

intravenous

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12
Q

This is usually the safest, most convenient, and least expensive route; drugs are administered to patients
who are conscious and can swallow

A

Oral

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13
Q

• Suppositories, ointments, creams, gels, and tablets may be instilled into the rectum or vagina to treat local irritation or infection; some drugs applied to the mucosa of the rectum or vagina can
be absorbed systemically

A

Rectal and vaginal

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14
Q

Drugs that are available as gases can be administered into the respiratory system;
drugs given by inhalation are rapidly absorbed, and medications given by such devices as the metered-dose inhaler can be self-administered, or drugs can be administered directly into the lungs through an endotracheal tube in emergency situations

A

Respiratory

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15
Q

Drugs may also be given as specialized infusions injected directly into a specific site in the patient’s body such as:
______ - (into the epidural space)
• Intrathecal infusion (into the cerebrospinal fluid)
• Intrapleural infusion (into the pleural cavity)
• Intraperitoneal infusion (into the peritoneal cavity)
• Intraosseous infusion (into the rich vascular network of
a long bone)
• Intraarticular infusion (into a joint).

A

Epidural infusion

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16
Q

(into the cerebrospinal fluid)

A

Intrathecal infusion

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17
Q

(into the pleural cavity)

A

Intrapleural infusion

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18
Q

(into the peritoneal cavity)

A

Intraperitoneal infusion

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19
Q

(into the rich vascular network of a long bone)

A

Intraosseous infusion

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20
Q

(into a joint).

A

Intraarticular infusion

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21
Q

Drugs shaped spherical to be
swallowed

A

Pills

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22
Q

Powders compressed into disc-like
form

A

Tablet

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23
Q

Drugs mixed with a waxlike base that melts at body temperature

A

Suppositories

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24
Q

Gelatin containers filled with powders or tiny pills

A

Capsules

25
Q

form of drug that is Water or oil based

A

Solutions

26
Q

form of drug that is Prepared using alcohol extraction

A

Tinctures

27
Q

form of drug that is Preparations in which the solid does not dissolve in the solvent

A

Suspensions

28
Q

Suspensions with an oily substance in the
solvent

A

Emulsions

29
Q

Solution of a volatile drug in alcohol

A

Spirits

30
Q

Alcohol and water solvent often with flavouring

A

Elixirs

31
Q

Sugar, water, and drug solutions

A

Syrups

32
Q

_______ deals with a drug’s actions as it moves through the body.

A

Pharmacokinetics

33
Q

_______ deals with a drug’s actions as it moves through the body.

A

Pharmacokinetics

34
Q

pharmacokinetics discusses how a drug is:

A

⚬ Absorbed (taken into the body)
⚬ Distributed (moved into various tissues)
⚬ Metabolized (changed into a form that can be excreted)
⚬ Excreted (removed from the body).

35
Q

This branch of pharmacology is also
concerned with a drug’s onset of action,
peak concentration level, and duration
of action

A

Pharmacokinetics

36
Q

This branch of pharmacology is also
concerned with a drug’s onset of action,
peak concentration level, and duration
of action

A

Pharmacokinetics

37
Q

Drug ______ covers a drug’s progress
from the time it’s administered, through its
passage to the tissues, until it reaches
systemic circulation

A

absorption

38
Q

On a ______ level, drugs are absorbed by
several means—primarily through active or
passive transport.

A

cellular level

39
Q

_______ is the process by which the drug is delivered from the systemic circulation to body tissues and fluids.

A

Drug distribution

40
Q

Distribution of an absorbed drug within the body depends on several factors:

A

⚬ blood flow
⚬ solubility
⚬ protein binding

41
Q

_______, is the process by which the body changes a drug from its dosage form to a more water-soluble form that can then be excreted.

A

Drug metabolism, or biotransformation

42
Q

Most drugs are metabolized into _______ (products of metabolism), which are then excreted.

A

inactive metabolites

43
Q

____ may undergo further metabolism
or may be excreted from the body unchanged

A

Active metabolites

44
Q

_____ refers to the elimination of drugs from the body.

A

Drug excretion

45
Q

Most drugs are excreted by the ______ and leave the body through ______.

A

kidneys; urine

46
Q

Drugs can also be excreted through the:

A

• lungs
• exocrine (sweat, salivary, or mammary) glands
• skin
• intestinal tract.

47
Q

The study of the drug mechanisms that produce biochemical or physiologic changes in the body. The interaction at the cellular level between a drug and cellular components, such as the complex proteins that make up the cell membrane, enzymes, or target receptors, represents drug
action.

A

pharmacodynamics

48
Q

The response resulting from this drug action is the ______

A

drug effect.

49
Q

The use of drugs to treat disease.

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

50
Q

_______ can occur between drugs or between drugs and foods. They can interfere with the results of a laboratory test or produce physical or chemical incompatibilities. The more drugs a patient receives, the greater the chances that a _____ will occur.

A

Drug interactions

51
Q

Potential drug interactions include:

A

⚬ Additive effects
⚬ Potentiation
⚬ Antagonistic effects
⚬ Decreased or increased
absorption
⚬ Decreased or increased

52
Q

A drug’s desired effect is called the _______

A

expected therapeutic response.

53
Q

An _____ (also called a side effector adverse effect), on the other hand, is a harmful, undesirable response.

A

adverse drug reaction

54
Q

type of medication order that is Needed immediately

A

STAT

55
Q

type of medication order that is given only once

A

Single Order

56
Q

type of medication order that is given as needed

A

PRN

57
Q

type of medication order that is written in advance carried out under specific circumstances

A

Standing Order

58
Q

type of medication order that is written in advance carried out under specific circumstances

A

Standing Order

PHARMACOLOGY (6 decks)

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