Drugs Flashcards
What class of drug is alendronate?
Bisphosphonate
What class of drug is atenolol?
Beta-blocker
What class of drug is atracurium?
Non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker
What class of drug is bendro-flumethiazide?
Thiazide Diuretic
What class of drug is cefuroxime?
Cephalosporin antibiotic (2nd generation)
What class of drug is celecoxib?
NSAID
What class of drug is chloramphenicol?
Antibiotic
What class of drug is ciclosporin?
Immunosuppresant
What class of drug is ciprofloxacin?
Quinolone antibiotic
What class of drug is co-amoxiclav?
Combination antibiotic
What class of drug is diamorphine?
Opioid analgesic
What class of drug is dalteparin?
LMW Heparin
What class of drug is dobutamine?
Beta-adrenergic agonist.
What class of drug is doxazosin?
Alpha1-selective alpha blocker
What class of drug is ephedrine?
Alpha and Beta adrenergic agonist
What class of drug is erythromycin?
Macrolide antibiotic
What class of drug is ethinylestradiol?
Oestrogen
What class of drug is furosemide?
Loop diuretic
What class of drug is ipratropium?
Muscarinic agonist
What class of drug is loperamide?
Opioid-receptor agonist
What class of drug is metformin?
Anti-hyperglycaemic
What class of drug is methotrexate?
DMARD
What class of drug is oxybutinin?
Anticholinergic
What class of drug is paracetamol?
Analgesic antipyretic
What class of drug is ramipril?
ACE-Inhibitor
What class of drug is rifampicin?
Semisynthetic antibiotic
What class of drug is rivaroxiban?
Anticoagulant
What class of drug is salmeterol?
Beta-2-agonist
What class of drug is sildenafil?
cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor
What class of drug is suxamethonium?
Paralytic
What class of drug is tamsulosin?
Alpha blocker
What class of drug is tramadol?
Opioid
What is the indication for aldendronate?
Osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (>18yrs)
What is the indications for atenolol?
Hypertension Angina Arrhythmias Alcohol withdrawal syndrome Myocardial infarction
What is the indication for atracurium?
Neuromuscular blockade
What is the indication for bender-flumethiazide?
Hyperkalaemia
Hypertension
Oedema
Urinary tract disorders
What is the indication for cefuroxime?
Gram-negative and gram-positive infections
Gonorrhoea
Haemophilus
CNS infections
What is the indication for celecoxib?
Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Acute pain Colorectal polyps
What is the indication for chlorampenicol?
Conjunctivitis
Meningitis, plague, cholera, typhoid
Broad spectrum
What is the indication for ciclosporin?
Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriasis Crohn's disease Nephrotic syndrome Organ transplant Keratitis
What is the indication for ciprofloxacin?
Gram positives Staphylococci Enterococci Pneumococci Streptococci
What is the indication for co-amoxiclav?
H. Influenzae
N. Gonorrhoea
Enterobacteriacae
What is the indication for diamorphine?
Acute or chronic pain
Pulmonary oedema
Myocardial Infarction
What is the indication for dalteparin?
Unstable angina
Pulmonary embolism
Deep vein thrombosis
DVT prophylaxis
What is the indication for dobutamine?
Coronary artery disease, MI
Cardiac surgery
Septic/cardio shock
Cardiomyopathies
What is the indication for doxazosin?
Hypertension
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
What is the indication for ephedrine?
Reversal of hypotension from anaesthesia
Airway obstruction
Neuropathic oedema
Nasal congestion
What is the indication for erythromycin?
Enteric bacteria
Strep. Pyogenes
H. Influenzae
Staph. Aureus
What is the indication for ethinylestradiol?
Menstrual disorders
F hypogonadism
Osteoporosis prophyl.
Prostate cancer
What is the indication for furosemide?
Hypertension
Oedema related to: Heart Failure
Renal disease
Liver cirrhosis
What is the indication for ipratropium?
COPD
Asthma
Rhinorrhoea
What is the indication for loperamide?
Diarrhoea
Inflammatory bowel disease
IBS
What is the indication for metformin?
Diabetes
Polycystic ovary syndrome
What is the indication for methotrexate?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Crohn’s disease
Neoplastic diseases
Severe psoriasis
What is the indication for oxybutinin?
Urinary frequency, urgency & incontinence
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
What is the indication for paracetamol?
Fever
Pain
What is the indication for ramipril?
Heart Failure
Hypertension
MI, Stroke
Nephropathy
What is the indication for rifampicin?
TB Leprosy Legionnaire's H. influenza Meningococcus
What is the indication for rivaroxiban?
DVT
PE
Stroke
What is the indication for salmeterol?
Asthma
COPD
What is the indication for sildenafil?
Erectile dysfunction
Pulmonary hypertension
What is the indication for suxamethonium?
General Anaesthesia - Surgery
What is the indication for tamsulosin?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
What is the indication for tramadol?
Moderate to severe pain
What is the action of alendronate?
Inhibits osteoclast mediated bone resorption by inhibiting the enzyme FPP synthase
What is the action of atenolol?
Binds to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting sympathetic stimulation
What is the action of atracurium?
Binds competitively with cholinergic receptor sites to antagonise acetylcholine action
What is the action of bendro-flumethiazide?
Inhibits Cl reabsorption at early distal tubule, results in increase of Na, Cl and water excretion
What is the action of cefuroxime?
Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis -> death due to lysis
What is the action of celecoxib?
Inhibits Cox-2 cyclooxygenase -> inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
What is the action of chlorampenicol?
Bacteriostatic - inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with substrate binding
What is the action of ciclosporin?
Decreases lymphocyte function
Binds to cytosolic protein, inhibiting calcineurin -> less inflammatory cytokine production
What is the action of ciprofloxacin?
Inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme -> prevents DNA replication so stops replication
What is the action of co-amoxiclav?
Beta-lactamase inhibitor + inhibits penicillin binding proteins -> inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
What is the action of diamorphine?
Mu-opioid agonist
Acts on receptors in the CNS which produces an analgesic effect
What is the action of dalteprain?
Inhibits the formation of factor Xa and thrombin
What is the action of dobutamine?
Directly stimulates Beta-1 receptors in the heart, increases myocardial contractility and stroke volume
What is the action of doxazosin?
Inhibits postsynaptic alpha 1 adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle - peripheral vasodilation
What is the action of ephedrine?
Stimulation of adrenergic receptors
Increases noradrenaline action and release
What is the action of erythromycin?
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Bacteriostatic/cidal dependent on dose
What is the action of ethinylestradiol?
Interaction with oestrogen receptors in target cells
What is the action of furosemide?
Inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron (blocks Na-K-Cl cotransporter)
What is the action of ipratropium?
Blocks muscarinic ACh receptors, promoting cGMP degradation - reduces bronchoconstriction
What is the action of loperamide?
Acts on mu-opioid receptors in PNS -> slows intestinal motility
Doesn’t cross the BBB so can’t affect CNS
What is the action of metformin?
Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption
Improves insulin sensitivity
What is the action of methotrexate?
Cancer - inhibition of DHFR, inhibiting folate synthesis.
Arthritis - inhibition of purine metabolism = accumulation of adenosine = suppression of T cells
What is the action of oxybutin?
Antagonist of M1, 2 & 3 muscarinic ACh receptors
Decreases muscle spasms of the bladder
What is the action of paracetamol?
COX enzyme inhibition in CNS indirectly
What is the action of ramipril?
Inhibit ACE activity
Less Angiotensin II produced
Less Bradykinin breakdown
Relaxation of arterial smooth muscle
What is the action of rifampicin?
Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase enzyme - no RNA synthesis
What is the action of rivaroxiban?
Competitive irreversible inhibition of factor Xa.
Prevents thrombin formation
What is the action of salmeterol?
Beta 2 stimulation causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
What is the action of sildenafil?
Increases cGMP to cause smooth muscle relaxation - vasodilation
What is the action of suxamethonium?
Mimics ACh at NM junction, with slow hydrolysis - prolongs depolarisation = NM blockade
What is the action of tamsulosin?
Selective A1 antagonist
Causes relaxation in smooth muscle = less resistance to urinary flow=less pain in BPH
What is the action of tramadol?
Agonist of mu-opioid receptors
Serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Enhances serotonin release