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2a Bateman - Phase 2a MASTER DECK > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS ECZEMA?

A

Papules and vesicles on an erythematous base.

ITCHY!!!

Reaction pattern to stimuli

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2
Q

What are the two type of eczema?

What is the exogenous one precipitated by?

A

Endogenous (atopic)

or exogenous (contact dermatitis)

Contact dermatitis is a type of eczema precipitated by an exogenous agent e.g. chemicals, sweat, abrasives

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3
Q

What is filaggrin?

A

Skin barrier protein

If damaged increases the risk of eczema

Genetic predisopsition

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4
Q

What is the treatment of eczema?

A

Avoid triggers

Keep nails short in children

Topical therapies (emollients, steroids for flare ups)

Oral therapies
Anti-histamines
Flucloxacillin
Oral steroids
Ciclosporin

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5
Q

WHAT IS ACNE?

A

Inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles

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6
Q

What is the pathology of acne?

A

Increased sebum production (hormonal in adolescents)

Abnormal follicular keratinization

Pilosebaceous duct obstruction

Bacterial colonisation with Propionibacterium acne

Inflammation

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7
Q

What is the presentation of acne?

A

Blackheads and whiteheads (open and closed comedomes), inflammatory lesions, papules, nodules, cysts.

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8
Q

What is the management of acne?

A

Mild
Topical therapies e.g. benzylperoxide and topical antibiotics and topical retinoids

Moderate
Oral therapies e.g. oral antibiotics and anti-androgens in females (COCP or cyproteroneacetate)

Severe
Oral retinoids

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9
Q

WHAT IS PSORIASIS?

A

Chronic, inflammatory skin disease due to hyper-proliferation of Keratinocytes + inflammatory cell infiltration

Well demarcated erythematous plaques topped with silvery scales

NOT ITCHY

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10
Q

Where can psoriasis be seen?

A

Extensor surfaces

Associated nail changes: pitting, onycholysis

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11
Q

What are the precipitating (flare up) factors for psoriasis?

A

Trauma, drugs (lithium, beta blockers), stress, smoking and alcohol

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12
Q

What is the treatment for psoriasis?

A

Mild
Topical vitD analogues e.g. calcipotriol, topical corticosteroids, coal tar preparations, topical retinoids

Mod
Phototherapy

Severe
Oral methotrexate, retinoids, ciclosporin, infliximab

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13
Q

WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF A BCC?

What is it a tumour of?

Does it metastasise?

A

Slow growing

Locally invasive

Tumour of the epidermal keratinocytes

Rarely metastasises but locally destructive

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14
Q

What are the risk factors for a BCC?

A

UV exposure

Skin type 1 (burns rather than tans)

Aging

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15
Q

What is the presentation of a BCC?

A

Common on head and neck

Pearly appearance

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16
Q

What is the treatment of a BCC?

A

Surgically excise

Radiotherapy if surgery is not appropriate

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17
Q

What are the complications of a BCC?

A

Complications – local tissue destruction

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18
Q

WHAT IS A SCC?

A

Locally invasive malignant tumour of keratinocytes

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19
Q

What are the risk factors for a SCC?

A

UV exposure

Chronic inflammation
e.g. wound scars, immunosuppression

20
Q

What is the presentation of a SCC?

A

Scaly and crusty, ill-defined edges, may ulcerate

21
Q

What is the management of a SCC?

A

Surgical excision/ radiotherapy if non-resectable

22
Q

WHAT IS A MELENOMA?

A

Invasive tumour of melanocytes

23
Q

What are the risk factors for a melenoma

A

UV exposure

Skin type 1

Atypical moles

Multiple moles

Family history

24
Q

What is the presentation of a melenoma?

A

A – asymmetrical shape

B – boarder irregularity

C – colour irregularity

D- diameter >5cm

E – evolution/change of lesion

SYMPTOMS e.g. bleeding, itching

25
Q

What is the treatment of a melenoma?

A

Surgical, radiotherapy, chemotherapy if metastatic.

26
Q

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR ARTERIAL SKIN ULCERS?

A

Arterial disease (atherosclerosis)

Smoking

Cholesterol

DM

27
Q

How does a arterial ulcer present?

What does the ulcer look like?

A

Pain, worse when legs elevated
Cold skin, absent peripheral pulses, shiny pale skin, loss of hair

Ulcer
Small, sharply defined, necrotic base

28
Q

What are the investigations of an arterial ulcer?

A

ABPI < 0.8 suggests arterial insufficiency

Doppler studies

29
Q

What is the treatment of a arterial ulcer?

A

Vascular reconstruction

30
Q

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR VENOUS ULCERS?

A

Varicose veins, DVT

31
Q

How does a venous ulcer present?

What does the ulcer look like?

A

Pain (minimal)
Warm skin
Normal peripheral pulses, leg oedema, haemosiderin, lipodermatoosclerosis

Large, shallow, irregular, exudative

32
Q

What are the investigations of a venous ulcer?

A

ABPI normal (>0.8 – 1)

33
Q

What is the management of a venous ulcer?

A

Compression bandaging

34
Q

WHERE ARE NEUROLOGICAL ULCERS FOUND?

A

DM, neurological disease

35
Q

What are the symptoms of neurological ulcers?

What does the ulcer look like?

A

Often painless

Found at pressure sites (e.g. heel or toes)

Warm skin and normal peripheral pulses

Associated peripheral neuropathy

Variable size, maybe surrounded by callus

36
Q

What is the treatment for neurological ulcers?

A

Appropriate foot wear

Control DM

Podiatary

37
Q

WHAT IS CELLULITIS?

A

Bacterial infection of the deep subcutaneous tissue

38
Q

What are the causes of cellulitis?

A

S. pyogenes, S. aureus

39
Q

What are the risk factors for cellulitis?

A

Immunosuppression

Wounds

Leg ulcers

Trauma

Athletes foot

40
Q

What is the presentation of cellulitis?

A

Local inflammation, systemically unwell

41
Q

What is the treatment of cellulitis?

A

fluclox or benpen

42
Q

WHAT IS NECROTISING FASCITIS?

A

Bacterial infection of the deep fascia + tissue necrosis

43
Q

What are the causes of NF?

A

Group A haemolytic strep

44
Q

What are the risk factors for NF?

A

abdo. Surgery, immunosuppression

45
Q

What are the symptoms of NF?

A

Severe pain out of proportion, necrotic skin, systemically unwell, soft tissue gas seen on Xray

46
Q

What is the treatment of NF?

A

Surgical debridement, IV Abx

2a Bateman - Phase 2a MASTER DECK (24 decks)

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