drugs

Question 1

define Psychoactive drugs

Answer 1

are chemicals that influence consciousness or behavior by altering neural transmission

Question 2

how do psychoactive drugs influence neurotransmitters?

Answer 2

Prevent bonding
Facilitate bonding
Inhibit reuptake
Mimic natural neural firing patterns

Question 3

name addictive drugs

Answer 3

Amphetamines, alcohol, barbituates, caffeine, opiates, nicotine, PCP, ecstasy, and THC

Question 4

what are halllucinogens?

Answer 4

drugs that alter sensation and perception, sometimes causing hallucinations. For example: LSD, PCP and others. They are unlikely to have addictive effects

Question 5

define hypnosis

Answer 5

An altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one’s actions are occurring involuntarily

Question 6

what is behavioural compliance

Answer 6

doing what you are told to do

Question 7

what does hypnosis do in terms of given information?

Answer 7

Does not improve the accuracy of information, but increases confidence

Question 8

what could hypnotic analgesia be used to do?

Answer 8

release pain

Question 9

what may drugs mimic and give an e.g. of these

Answer 9

neural firing rate- Valium produces a state similar to SWS

Question 10

what will rats given free access to cocaine do?

Answer 10

will increase their use over a 30 day period
sometimes to the extent of giving themselves convulsions
they will stop grooming themselves and eating
90% of rats were dead by the end of the study

footnote – recent work shows that this is true only for rats 	who live in an impoverished environment

Question 11

list addictive drugs

Answer 11

Amphetamines, Alcohol, Barbiturates, Caffeine, Opiates, Nicotine, PCP, ecstasy and THC

Question 12

what are mescaline and phenothiazine exampes of

Answer 12

less addictive drugs

Question 13

where does LSD arise?

Answer 13

synthetic

Question 14

where does PCP arise

Answer 14

synthetic

Question 15

where does mescaline arise from?

Answer 15

peyote

Question 16

where does psilocybin arise from?

Answer 16

shrooms

Question 17

where does ketamine arise from

Answer 17

synthetis

Question 18

where does THC arise from?

Answer 18

Cannabis

Question 19

what does THC casue

Answer 19

causes euphoria and mild hallucinations
Impairs judgement, short-term memory and coordination
Alleviates pain, symptoms of MS
Psychologically habit forming

Question 20

what is an out of body experience?

Answer 20

An experience in which and individual feels s/he has left his/her body

Question 21

what % of uni students report an OBE?

Answer 21

25%

Question 22

what % of general public report an OBE

Answer 22

10%

Question 23

define hypnosis

Answer 23

an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and
The feeling that one’s actions are occurring involuntarily

Question 24

what is hypnosis an extreme form of?

Answer 24

behavioural compliance—doing what you are told or expected to do
A willingness to conform and believe that you are no longer responsible for your
Actions

Question 25

what did Mesmer believe?

Answer 25

animal magnetism” – a force could be generated from iron and water
The force could rejuvenate health

Question 26

what are the stages of hypnotism?

Answer 26

You only need to persuade people that your actions will influence them
“sit quietly, focus on my voice” etc
Then make “suggestions” – “feel your eyelids slowly closing”
“you are feeling very sleepy”

Question 27

what is the best indicator of if people are susceptible to hypnosis?

Answer 27

person’s own judgement is one of the best indicators

Question 28

what is often the important factor in amazing feats rather than hypnosis itself? and what proves this

Answer 28

social pressure

many of these things can be done without hypnosis

People who are asked to imagine that they are hypnotized will behave
in exactly the same way as a hypnotized individual

Question 29

what case study showed that forgotten memories were unreliable?

Answer 29

1980s, Paul Ingram recounted dozens of horrendous, forgotten crimes
under hypnosis
When asked under hypnosis to describe a crime he was known not to
have committed, he produced a detailed, three-page confession
Ingram pleaded guilty to the charges brought against him, largely because
of the “recovered” memories
He was finally released in 2003
“recovered” memories tend to be remembered as “fact”

Question 30

what is Posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 30

The failure to retrieve memories following the hypnotic suggestion to forget

Question 31

what was Hilgard’s experiment on posthypnotic amnesia?

Answer 31

Hilgard taught a hypnotized person city populations, then told him to forget
the session
Individual was surprised to be able to report the data
Hypnosis does not reverse the posthypnotic amnesia, instead individuals
report what the believe the hypnotist wants

Question 32

What does and doesn’t hypnosis increase?

Answer 32

to hear
Hypnosis doesn’t improve the accuracy with which information is recalled,
in increase confidence.

Question 33

what is hypnotic analgesia?

Answer 33

Use of hypnosis to reduce pain in susceptible individuals
More effective than morphine, Valium, asprin or placebos

this affect appears to be real

Question 34

what is meditation?

Answer 34

Practice of internal contemplation

Question 35

what does meditation produce?

Answer 35

temporarily alter EEG rhythms – more alpha

Question 36

what can Ecstatic religious experiences by accounted for by?

Answer 36

epilepsy and brian tumours