Drugs Flashcards
Amlodipine
CCB
-part of the core 3 HTN backbone meds
Verapamil
CCB
Diltiazem
CCB
Name ACEi
“prils”
Lisinopril, enalapril
Ramipril, captopril, perindopril
Losartan
ARB (for HTN)
Which 2 combination drugs exist for HTN treatment?
Zestoretic = combination drug of lisinopril (ACEi) and HCTZ (thiazide) for HTN
Hyzar = combo of losartan (ARB) and HCTZ
Gancyclovir vs. acyclovir
Both are antivirals
- gancyclovir against CMV
- acyclovir against HSV (also kinda against chicken pox and shingles)
Pentamidine
Pentamidine = antimicrobial used to prevent PCP in immunosuppressed pts (ex: HIV, chemo pts) who can’t tolerate bactrum
Voriconazole
Voriconazole = aggressive antifungal to treat invasive fungal infections
ex: candidiasis resistant to fluconazole can be tx w/ voriconazole
- use in immunocompromised pts to tx invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide = moderate half life benzodiazepine
Used for management of acute EtOH withdrawal
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B = antifungal med
-used for dangerous/invasive fungal infxns
ex: IV amphotericin used in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Name 4 drugs that increase the anticoagulating effects of warfarin
Cyp 450 inhibitors will decrease warfarin degradation => increase warfarin potency
- acetaminophen
- NSAID
- some abx
- amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic)
Effect of the following on warfarin’s function
(a) Spinach
(b) Brussel sprouts
(c) Ginseng
Spinach and brussel sprouts have a lot of vitamin K => decreases anticoagulating effect of warfain
Ginseng- decreases serum concentration of warfarin
Cyclosporin
Cyclosporin = immunosupressant (ex: used post-transplant) that inhibits calcineurin
-inhibits IL-2 and other cytokine transcription
Side effects of cyclosporins
Cyclosporins (immunsuppressant) side effects
- nephrotoxicity
- hyperkalemia
- HTN
- tremor
Mycophenidate
(a) Mechanism
(b) Main side effect
(a) Mechanism of mycophenidate = purine synthesis inhibitor
(b) Mycophenidate = immunosuppressant w/ main side effect of bone marrow suppression
- (Mycophenidate, bone Marrow suppression)
Azathioprine
(a) Mechanism
(b) Main side effects
Azathioprine = immunosuppressant
(a) Mechanism = purine synthesis inhibitor
(b) Main side effects = dose-related diarrhea, leukopenia, hepatotoxicity
5-aminosalicylic acid
NSAID used to treat and prevent flareups of ulcerative colitis
Lactulose
Non-absorbable sugar (osmotic laxative) used for constipation and hepatic encephalopathy (treat hyperammonemia) as seen in decompensated cirrhosis
Amantadine
Amantadine = dopamine agonist used in tx of Parkinson’s disease
Can be used to slow progression of Parkinsonian dementia, but not in Alzheimers
Memantine
Memantine = NMDA receptor antagonist approved for moderate-to-severe dementia
