Drugs

Question 1

Amlodipine

Answer 1

CCB

-part of the core 3 HTN backbone meds

Question 2

Verapamil

Answer 2

CCB

Question 3

Diltiazem

Answer 3

CCB

Question 4

Name ACEi

Answer 4

“prils”
Lisinopril, enalapril
Ramipril, captopril, perindopril

Question 5

Losartan

Answer 5

ARB (for HTN)

Question 6

Which 2 combination drugs exist for HTN treatment?

Answer 6

Zestoretic = combination drug of lisinopril (ACEi) and HCTZ (thiazide) for HTN

Hyzar = combo of losartan (ARB) and HCTZ

Question 7

Gancyclovir vs. acyclovir

Answer 7

Both are antivirals

• gancyclovir against CMV
• acyclovir against HSV (also kinda against chicken pox and shingles)

Question 8

Pentamidine

Answer 8

Pentamidine = antimicrobial used to prevent PCP in immunosuppressed pts (ex: HIV, chemo pts) who can’t tolerate bactrum

Question 9

Voriconazole

Answer 9

Voriconazole = aggressive antifungal to treat invasive fungal infections

ex: candidiasis resistant to fluconazole can be tx w/ voriconazole
- use in immunocompromised pts to tx invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis

Question 10

Chlordiazepoxide

Answer 10

Chlordiazepoxide = moderate half life benzodiazepine

Used for management of acute EtOH withdrawal

Question 11

Amphotericin B

Answer 11

Amphotericin B = antifungal med
-used for dangerous/invasive fungal infxns

ex: IV amphotericin used in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis

Question 12

Name 4 drugs that increase the anticoagulating effects of warfarin

Answer 12

Cyp 450 inhibitors will decrease warfarin degradation => increase warfarin potency

1. acetaminophen
2. NSAID
3. some abx
4. amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic)

Question 13

Effect of the following on warfarin’s function

(a) Spinach
(b) Brussel sprouts
(c) Ginseng

Answer 13

Spinach and brussel sprouts have a lot of vitamin K => decreases anticoagulating effect of warfain

Ginseng- decreases serum concentration of warfarin

Question 14

Cyclosporin

Answer 14

Cyclosporin = immunosupressant (ex: used post-transplant) that inhibits calcineurin
-inhibits IL-2 and other cytokine transcription

Question 15

Side effects of cyclosporins

Answer 15

Cyclosporins (immunsuppressant) side effects

• nephrotoxicity
• hyperkalemia
• HTN
• tremor

Question 16

Mycophenidate

(a) Mechanism
(b) Main side effect

Answer 16

(a) Mechanism of mycophenidate = purine synthesis inhibitor

(b) Mycophenidate = immunosuppressant w/ main side effect of bone marrow suppression
- (Mycophenidate, bone Marrow suppression)

Question 17

Azathioprine

(a) Mechanism
(b) Main side effects

Answer 17

Azathioprine = immunosuppressant

(a) Mechanism = purine synthesis inhibitor
(b) Main side effects = dose-related diarrhea, leukopenia, hepatotoxicity

Question 18

5-aminosalicylic acid

Answer 18

NSAID used to treat and prevent flareups of ulcerative colitis

Question 19

Lactulose

Answer 19

Non-absorbable sugar (osmotic laxative) used for constipation and hepatic encephalopathy (treat hyperammonemia) as seen in decompensated cirrhosis

Question 20

Amantadine

Answer 20

Amantadine = dopamine agonist used in tx of Parkinson’s disease

Can be used to slow progression of Parkinsonian dementia, but not in Alzheimers

Question 21

Memantine

Answer 21

Memantine = NMDA receptor antagonist approved for moderate-to-severe dementia