drug use Flashcards
what are the 5 characteristics associated with addictive behaviour?
Reinforcement, Compulsion or craving, Loss of control, Escalation, Negative consequences
what causes addiction?
if an action/behaviour is enjoyed an continuously repeated it can cause DEPENDANCY and TOLERANCE, making the behaviour become a central focus of one’s life
what are the risk factors of an addiction?
physical, psychological, social
what are some examples of addictive behaviour?
gambling, sex/love, compulsive shopping, compulsive exercising, work
what are the consequences of addictive behaviours?
Excessive use, Withdrawal, Tolerance, Adverse consequences
According to DSM 5, how many symptoms must one experience for a mild substance use disorder?
2-3 symptoms
According to DSM 5, how many symptoms must one experience for a moderate substance use disorder?
4-5 symptoms
According to DSM 5, how many symptoms must one experience for a severe substance use disorder?
6-11 symptoms
what do psychoactive drugs do?
Alter a person’s experiences or consciousness, Cause intoxication – a state in which sometimes unpredictable physical and emotional changes occur, and Are most often associated with addiction
what are the characteristics of one whos at a higher risk of using psychoactive drug?
male, troubled adolescent, frequent exposures thru family/peers, disinterested in school, risk-taker/thrill-seeking, low SES
what are the five factors the determine a drug’s effect?
Pharmacological properties, Dose-response function, Time-action function, Person’s drug use history, Method of use
how do drugs affect the brain?
thru neurotransmitters
what happens when the drugs increase the release of
neurotransmitters?
tolerance develops and anhedonia is experienced
what are the types of psychoactive drugs?
Opioids, Central nervous system depressants, Central nervous system stimulants, Marijuana and other cannabis products, Hallucinogens, Inhalants
what is Canada’s opioid crisis?
in 2016 frequent opioid poisoning which resulted in hospitalizations led British Columbia to declare a public health emergency.
what is said about marijuana use in canada?
According to Health Canada, cannabis is the most widely used ‘recreational’ drug in Canada and that Canadian youth have the highest rates of cannabis use in the world
what are the health risks every time cannabis is used?
Impair one’s ability to drive safely or operate equipment, Make it harder to learn and remember things, Affect mood and feelings, Affect mental health
what can the regular use of cannabis do?
Negatively affect respiration, Affect mental health, Become physically dependent or addicted
what are treatments for addiction? does it have to be proffessional?
no. Medication-assisted, Treatment centres, Counselling, Harm reduction strategies, Codependency
what could prevention efforts include?
Early school-aged preventative programs, High school peer counselling, Young adult health education, Non-drug alternatives
what do psychological risk factors for addiction include?
difficulty controlling impulses and a strong need for excitement, stimulation, and immediate gratification
what do social risk factors for addiction include?
growing up in a family in which a parent or sibling uses drugs, belonging to a peer group that emphasizes or encourages drug use, and living in poverty
what do physical risk factors for addiction include?
body weight, general health, and genetic factors
what is the method of use and effects for opioids?
can be injected/swallowed/snorted/smoked/chewed. relief of anxiety/pain, euphoria, lethargy/apathy/drowsiness/inability to concentrate, nausea/constipation/respiratory depression
what is the method of use and effects for central nervous system depressants?
swallowed/injected. reduced anxiety/mood changes/lowered inhibitions/impaired muscle coordination/reduced pulse rate/drowsiness/loss of consciousness/respiratory depression.
what is the method of use and effects for central nervous system stimulants?
injected/swallowed/smoked/snorted. increases heat rate/blood pressure/metabolism, increased mental alertness/energy, nervousness/insomnia/impulsive behaviour, reduced appetite
what is the method of use and effects for cannabis etc.?
smoked/swallowed. euphoria/slowed reaction timing/thinking, confusion/anxiety/impaired balance/coordination, increased heart rate
what is the method of use and effects for hallucinogens?
swallowed/smoked/injected/snorted. altered states of feelings/perception, nausea/increased heart rate/blood pressure, delirium/impaired motor function/numbness/weakness
what is the method of use and effects for inhalants?
inhaled thru nose/mouth. stimulation/loss of inhibiton/slurred speech, loss of motor coordination/consciousness
what is the relation between opioids overdose and covid?
during early covid, canada saw a 60% increase in fatal opioid overdoes
what percentage of 20-24 year olds have tried cannabis?
54%
what fraction of students in ontario (gr7-12) have reported using cannabis?
1/5, 20%
what the two most widely used psychoactive drugs?
alcohol and nicotine
what are some examples of opioids?
opium, morphine, heroin, methadone, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and fentanyl.
what are some examples of CNS depressants?
sedatives, roofies,
what are some examples of CNS stimulants?
cocaine, amphetamines, ritalin, ephedrine, caffeine
what are some examples of hallucinogens?
LSD, Psilocybin, STP, DMT, MDMA, Ketamine, PCP
what are some examples of inhalants?
volatile solvents (e.g. gasoline), anaesthetics, nitrates, aerosols
