cancer Flashcards
what is the leading cause of death in canada?
cancer
what is cancer?
abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells that, if left untreated, can ultimately cause death
how does cancer spread?
thru the process of metastasis. cancer cells do not remain in one place, they break away and can pass through the lining of lymph or blood vessels to invade nearby tissue. tumor after primary are called metastases or secondary tumor.
what is the relation between cancer and tumors?
most cancers take form of tumors but now all tumors are cancerous
what are the stages of cancer?
0 precancer change. 1 tumor is small and has not left organ. 2&3 tumor large and grown outside organ. 4 cancer has spread through the blood or lymphatic system to a distant site in the body
what are the common types of cancer?
lung, colon/rectal, breast, prostate, skin, oral, testicular, cervical
what are risk factors, signs/symptoms, treatment, and prevention for lung cancer?
main risk factor is tobacco smoke and other carcinogenic pollutants. symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, or recurring bronchitis.
what are risk factors, signs/symptoms, treatment, and prevention for colon/rectal cancer?
age/heredity/excessive smoking&alcohol is a main risk factor. polyps bleeding is a symptom. colon cancer can be detected with screening. surgery is the primary treatment
what are risk factors, signs/symptoms, treatment, and prevention for breast cancer?
risk factors include heredity, early onset of menstruation/late onset of menopause, no children after the age of 30, obesity, and alcohol use. it can be detected thru screening. symptoms include lumps, swellings, nipple pains. treatment thru surgery (of lump or the breast itself)
what is the expected survival rate for canadians in regards to cancer?
60%
what cancers have survival rates over 95%?
thyroid, testicular, prostate
what percentage of cancer deaths occur for those over the age of 70?
63%
what tumor is cancerous? which one isnt?
benign isnt. malignant is.
what surrounding structures can a malignant tumor invade?
blood vessels, lymphatic system, nerves, etc
what are the most common cancers?
lungs, colorectal, breast
what is the most common cancer in females?
breast
what is the most common cancer in males?
prostate
what are the types of cancers?
carcinomas (external tissues), sarcomas (connective tissues), lymphomas (lymph nodes), leukemia (blood-forming cells),
at current incident rates, what percentage of canadian men and women will develop cancer?
49% men. 45% women
what cancer leads to the most deaths? how many deaths is it responsible for each year?
lung cancer. 21, 000
what accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths?
tobacco smoke
what are risk factors, signs/symptoms, treatment, and prevention for prostate cancer?
risk factors include age and genetics. signs of prostate cancer can include changes in urinary frequency, weak or interrupted urine flow, painful urination, and blood in the urine. Treatment usually involves radical prostatectomy, surgery
what are risk factors, signs/symptoms, treatment, and prevention for skin cancer?
risk factors include excess exposure to UV light. risk factors include unusual growth, discoloration, a sore that does not heal, or a mole that undergoes a sudden or progressive change. treatment thru surgery
why is melanoma the most dangerous skin cancer?
because of how quickly it spreads
what fraction of cancer can be prevented with behaviour changes?
1/3
