Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Drug Therapy > Flashcards

Drug Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the drug baclofen do?

A

It reduces spasticity (used in MND)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the drug herapin do?

A

Reduces risk of deep vein thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 stages of the life cycle of a drug?

A
  1. Administration
  2. Absorption
  3. Distribution
  4. Metabolism
  5. Elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is administration?

A

How and where the drug is introduced to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is absorption?

A

How the drug moves into the body tissue from the administration site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is systemic absorption?

A

Absorption into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is local absorption?

A

Absorption into cells/tissues adjacent to the administration site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is distribution?

A

How the drug travels to the target site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is metabolism?

A

How the drug is chemically altered in the body. Some drugs need to be altered before they can perform their intended action (e.g. L-dopa), others are altered after they have performed their action in order to render them inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is elimination?

A

How the drug is removed from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does parenteral mean?

A

Administered by injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is intravenous?

A

Into a vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is intramuscular?

A

Into a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is subcutaneous?

A

Beneath the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is intrathecal?

A

Into CSF space around the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are most orally administered drugs absorbed?

A

In the small intestine (may begin in the mouth or stomach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long can an intravenous cannula be left in place

A

A few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why do you need a smaller dose of a drug administered intravenously?

A

Because it is bypassing the intestinal wall and liver, avoiding metabolism at these points

19
Q

Why would you administered intravenously?

A

If someone couldn’t take anything by mouth
If you need a drug administered rapidly
Is drug absorption via the oral route is poor or unreliable

20
Q

Why would you administer something subcutaneously?

A

For drugs that would be rendered inactive if given orally (e.g. insulin for diabetes)

21
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

The amount and speed of drug arrival at target site

22
Q

What is a drug half life?

A

The amount of time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half (determines dosing interval)

23
Q

What is the loading dose?

A

Often a large dose of something is given to start so that the drug level gets into the correct range as quickly as possible

24
Q

What is the maintaining dose?

A

Dose to keep within the therapeutic level

25
Q

What is a steady state?

A

Drug levels remaining fairly construct within the therapeutic window

26
Q

What is titrating?

A

Adjusting the dose up or down

27
Q

What the two ways of drug monitoring?

A

Measuring blood drug levels

Looking at physiological effects of the drug (indirect)

28
Q

What is an enteric coating?

A

A special coating for tablets and capsules that does not dissolve in the acidic environment of the stomach (but will in the small intestine)

29
Q

Why are controlled release preparations good?

A

Allow for less frequent doses and less rapid rise of drug in blood levels

30
Q

Where do water-soluble drugs tend to stay?

A

In blood and extra cellular fluid

31
Q

Where do fat soluble drugs tend to stay and what are they better at?

A

Tend to stay in fatty tissue - better at cross cell membranes quickly (possible better at crossing the blood brain barrier)

32
Q

What is the main site of drug metabolism?

A

The liver

33
Q

Why do infants and older adults need lower drug doses?

A

Less enzyme activity

34
Q

Most common methods of elimination?

A

Kidney
Liver
(Some in saliva, air, breast milk)

35
Q

What does an agonist do?

A

Mimics shape of naturally occurring molecules

36
Q

What does an antagonist do?

A

Blocks receptors

37
Q

The less selective a drug, the more likely it is to….

A

Cause unwanted side effects

38
Q

Testing in how many animals before human trials?

A

2

39
Q

What are the 4 stages of a clinical trial?

A
  1. Testing in healthy volunteers (dose-related stuff)
  2. People with particular disease (effectiveness and side effects)
  3. Large number of patients for efficacy and safety in detail
  4. After the licence is granted - evaluation of unexpected side effects
40
Q

Example of antiplatelet medication?

A

Aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole

41
Q

Function of anti-hyper intensive medication?

A

Lower blood pressure

42
Q

Example of anticoagulant

A

Warfarin

43
Q

Example of cholesterol lowering medication?

A

Simvastitin

44
Q

Medication of epilepsy?

A

Anticonvulsant

Anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions