Drug Names (Group 5 // P - T) Flashcards
Generic – Abciximab
> Brand – Reopro®
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when used with NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Albuterol
inhaler
> Brand – ProAir® HFA, Proventil® HFA, Ventolin® HFA
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Short acting)
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Atomexetine
> Brand – Strattera®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)
Generic – Beclomethasone
> Brand – Qvar®
Class – inhaled corticosteroids
Background – inflammation plays a huge role in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – blocks natural production mechanisms of inflammatory mediators, and reduces inflammation
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – oral thrush, upper respiratory infection
Interactions – increases or decreases corticosteroids activity from certain drugs
(Rinse mouth after use)
Generic – Benzonatate
> Brand – Tessalon®
> Indications – cough
Generic – Budesonide
> Brand – Pulmicort®
Class – inhaled corticosteroids
Background – inflammation plays a huge role in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – blocks natural production mechanisms of inflammatory mediators, and reduces inflammation
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – oral thrush, upper respiratory infection
Interactions – increases or decreases corticosteroids activity from certain drugs
(Rinse mouth after use)
Generic – Budesonide
nasal spray
> Brand – Rhinocort Aqua®
> Indications – inflammation, allergies
Generic – Buprenorphine
> Brand – Subutex®
Indications – opioid addiction
(C-III)
Generic – Carisoprodal
> Brand – Soma®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity
(C-IV Depressants)
Generic – Cholestyramine
> Brand – Questran®
Class – bile acid sequestrants
Background – thick fluid bile acid mixture comes to intestinal tract to aid fat absorption by the liver of produced cholesterol
Pharmacology – avoids produced cholesterol of bile acids to carry through the intestines and body existence by the liver of entering the bloodstream during defections
Indications – high cholesterols
Side Effects – constipation, flatulence
Interactions – too many drug interactions occur to be interfered with the absorption of many other drugs
Generic – Codeine
> Brand – Robitussin® AC, Tylenol® #3
Class – Opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-III - C-V)
(May cause drowsiness)
Generic – Desvenlafaxine
> Brand – Pristiq®
Class – serotonin-norepinephrine reputake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Background – norepinephrine plays mood and energy level roles
Pharmacology – blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – similar SSRIs (e.g. serotonin syndrome) effects, including cardiovascular effects (e.g. heart palpitations, hypertensions, tachycardia) of norepinephrine
Interactions – increased serotonin syndrome risks from SSRIs and TCAs drugs
Generic – Dofetilide
> Brand – Tikosyn®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Doxepin
> Brand – Sinequan®
Class – tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Background – both serotonin and norepinephrine are associated to mood and energy levels
Pharmacology – blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – tachycardia, heart palpitations, hypertension, dry mouth, weight gain, reduce sex drive, serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases serotonin syndrome with other increased serotonin activity drugs (e.g. SSRIs, SNRIs)
Generic – Flecainide
> Brand – Tambocor®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Fluoxetine
> Brand – Prozac®
Class – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Background – neurotransmitters of depression, behavior, eating, and nausea/vomiting are called serotonins, and must be in a synaptic cleft long enough to exert effect, and is removed afterwards
Pharmacology – allows serotonin to remain in the synaptic cleft
Indications – depression, behavior and eating disorders
Side Effects – agitation, confusion, hallucinations, body weight, nausea, pressured speech, tremor, rigidity, diarrhea, fever, sweating, flushing, seizures, and serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases bleeding from NSAIDS, anticoagulants, and/or antiplatelets, and also serotonin syndrome from drugs (e.g. SNRI, TCAs)
[Chemical name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]
Generic – Guaifenesin
> Brand – Robitussin®
Class – cough and cold medications
Indications – expectorant (specific use)
(OTC)
Generic – Levothyroxine
> Brand – Synthroid®
> Indications – hypothyroidism
Generic – Medroxyprogesterone
> Brand – Provera®
> Indications – irregular menstrual bleeding
Generic – Metaxalone
> Brand – Skelaxin®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity
Generic – Methocarbamol
> Brand – Robaxin®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity
Generic – Methylphenidate
> Brand – Ritalin®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)
(C-II)
Generic – Metoclopramide
> Brand – Reglan®
> Indications – GERD, heartburn
Generic – Milnacipran
> Brand – Savella®
Class – serotonin-norepinephrine reputake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Background – norepinephrine plays mood and energy level roles
Pharmacology – blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – similar SSRIs (e.g. serotonin syndrome) effects, including cardiovascular effects (e.g. heart palpitations, hypertensions, tachycardia) of norepinephrine
Interactions – increased serotonin syndrome risks from SSRIs and TCAs drugs
Generic – Mirtazapine
> Brand – Remeron®
> Indications – depression
Generic – Modafinil
> Brand – Provigil®
Indications – narcolepsy, fatigue
(C-IV stimulant)
Generic – Montelukast
> Brand – Singulair®
> indications – asthma
Generic – Morphine
IR
> Brand – Roxanol®
Class – Opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-II)
(May cause drowsiness)
Generic – Nabumetone
> Brand – Relafen®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)
Generic – Nifedipine
> Brand – Procardia®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs
Generic – Nisoldipine
> Brand – Sular®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs
Generic – Oxycodone
IR
> Brand – Roxicodone®
Class – Opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-II)
(May cause drowsiness)
Generic – Propafenone
> Brand – Rythmol®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Pseudoephedrine
> Brand – Sudafed®
Class – cough and cold medications
Indications – decongestant (specific use)
(OTC)
Generic – Quetiapine
> Brand – Seroquel®
> Indications – psychiatric disorders
Generic – Quinidine
> Brand – Quinalan®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Risperidone
> Brand – Risperdal®
> Indications – psychiatric disorders
Generic – Ropinirole
> Brand – Requip®
> Indications – parkinson’s disease
Generic – Salmeterol
diskus//inhaler
> Brand – Serevent®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Long acting)
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Sennosides
laxatives
> Brand – Senokot®
Indications – constipation
(OTC)
Generic – Sulfamethoxazole//Trimethoprim
> Brand – Septra®
Class – antibiotics
Background – bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them
Pharmacology – there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells.
Indications – bacterial infections
Side effects – diarrhea
Interactions – increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins
(Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)
Generic – Tiotropium
inhalation capsules
> Brand – Spriva® HandiHaler
Class – inhaled anticholinergics
Background – one of the main issues with COPD is narrowed airways from acetylcholine receptor activation
Pharmacology – blocks acetylcholine receptor activations reduces airway constriction
Indications – COPD
Side Effects – dry mouth, constipation
Interactions – causes constipation from opioid drugs, and additional inhaled anticholinergic drug can worsen the constipation
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Tiotropium
inhaler
> Brand – Spiriva® (Respimat)
Class – inhaled anticholinergics
Background – one of the main issues with COPD is narrowed airways from acetylcholine receptor activation
Pharmacology – blocks acetylcholine receptor activations reduces airway constriction
Indications – COPD
Side Effects – dry mouth, constipation
Interactions – causes constipation from opioid drugs, and additional inhaled anticholinergic drug can worsen the constipation
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Topiramate
> Brand – Topamax®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare)
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)
Generic – Zaleplon
> Brand – Sonata®
Class – sedative-hypnotics (depressants)
Background – BNZ₁ receptor activation promotes sleep
Indications – insomnia
Side Effects – drowsiness, somnolence, dependency
Interactions – increases drowsiness with other drugs that suppress nervous system activity (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol)
(C-IV)
