Drug Names (Group 5 // P - T)

Question 1

Generic – Abciximab

Answer 1

> Brand – Reopro®
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when used with NSAIDS and aspirin

Question 2

Generic – Albuterol

inhaler

Answer 2

> Brand – ProAir® HFA, Proventil® HFA, Ventolin® HFA
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Short acting)
(Inhalation only)

Question 3

Generic – Atomexetine

Answer 3

> Brand – Strattera®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)

Question 4

Generic – Beclomethasone

Answer 4

> Brand – Qvar®
Class – inhaled corticosteroids
Background – inflammation plays a huge role in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – blocks natural production mechanisms of inflammatory mediators, and reduces inflammation
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – oral thrush, upper respiratory infection
Interactions – increases or decreases corticosteroids activity from certain drugs
(Rinse mouth after use)

Question 5

Generic – Benzonatate

Answer 5

> Brand – Tessalon®

> Indications – cough

Question 6

Generic – Budesonide

Answer 6

> Brand – Pulmicort®
Class – inhaled corticosteroids
Background – inflammation plays a huge role in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – blocks natural production mechanisms of inflammatory mediators, and reduces inflammation
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – oral thrush, upper respiratory infection
Interactions – increases or decreases corticosteroids activity from certain drugs
(Rinse mouth after use)

Question 7

Generic – Budesonide

nasal spray

Answer 7

> Brand – Rhinocort Aqua®

> Indications – inflammation, allergies

Question 8

Generic – Buprenorphine

Answer 8

> Brand – Subutex®
Indications – opioid addiction
(C-III)

Question 9

Generic – Carisoprodal

Answer 9

> Brand – Soma®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity
(C-IV Depressants)

Question 10

Generic – Cholestyramine

Answer 10

> Brand – Questran®
Class – bile acid sequestrants
Background – thick fluid bile acid mixture comes to intestinal tract to aid fat absorption by the liver of produced cholesterol
Pharmacology – avoids produced cholesterol of bile acids to carry through the intestines and body existence by the liver of entering the bloodstream during defections
Indications – high cholesterols
Side Effects – constipation, flatulence
Interactions – too many drug interactions occur to be interfered with the absorption of many other drugs

Question 11

Generic – Codeine

Answer 11

> Brand – Robitussin® AC, Tylenol® #3
Class – Opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-III - C-V)
(May cause drowsiness)

Question 12

Generic – Desvenlafaxine

Answer 12

> Brand – Pristiq®
Class – serotonin-norepinephrine reputake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Background – norepinephrine plays mood and energy level roles
Pharmacology – blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – similar SSRIs (e.g. serotonin syndrome) effects, including cardiovascular effects (e.g. heart palpitations, hypertensions, tachycardia) of norepinephrine
Interactions – increased serotonin syndrome risks from SSRIs and TCAs drugs

Question 13

Generic – Dofetilide

Answer 13

> Brand – Tikosyn®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias

Question 14

Generic – Doxepin

Answer 14

> Brand – Sinequan®
Class – tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Background – both serotonin and norepinephrine are associated to mood and energy levels
Pharmacology – blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – tachycardia, heart palpitations, hypertension, dry mouth, weight gain, reduce sex drive, serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases serotonin syndrome with other increased serotonin activity drugs (e.g. SSRIs, SNRIs)

Question 15

Generic – Flecainide

Answer 15

> Brand – Tambocor®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias

Question 16

Generic – Fluoxetine

Answer 16

> Brand – Prozac®
Class – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Background – neurotransmitters of depression, behavior, eating, and nausea/vomiting are called serotonins, and must be in a synaptic cleft long enough to exert effect, and is removed afterwards
Pharmacology – allows serotonin to remain in the synaptic cleft
Indications – depression, behavior and eating disorders
Side Effects – agitation, confusion, hallucinations, body weight, nausea, pressured speech, tremor, rigidity, diarrhea, fever, sweating, flushing, seizures, and serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases bleeding from NSAIDS, anticoagulants, and/or antiplatelets, and also serotonin syndrome from drugs (e.g. SNRI, TCAs)
[Chemical name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]

Question 17

Generic – Guaifenesin

Answer 17

> Brand – Robitussin®
Class – cough and cold medications
Indications – expectorant (specific use)
(OTC)

Question 18

Generic – Levothyroxine

Answer 18

> Brand – Synthroid®

> Indications – hypothyroidism

Question 19

Generic – Medroxyprogesterone

Answer 19

> Brand – Provera®

> Indications – irregular menstrual bleeding

Question 20

Generic – Metaxalone

Answer 20

> Brand – Skelaxin®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity

Question 21

Generic – Methocarbamol

Answer 21

> Brand – Robaxin®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity

Question 22

Generic – Methylphenidate

Answer 22

> Brand – Ritalin®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)
(C-II)

Question 23

Generic – Metoclopramide

Answer 23

> Brand – Reglan®

> Indications – GERD, heartburn

Question 24

Generic – Milnacipran

Answer 24

> Brand – Savella®
Class – serotonin-norepinephrine reputake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Background – norepinephrine plays mood and energy level roles
Pharmacology – blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – similar SSRIs (e.g. serotonin syndrome) effects, including cardiovascular effects (e.g. heart palpitations, hypertensions, tachycardia) of norepinephrine
Interactions – increased serotonin syndrome risks from SSRIs and TCAs drugs

Question 25

Generic – Mirtazapine

Answer 25

> Brand – Remeron®

> Indications – depression

Question 26

Generic – Modafinil

Answer 26

> Brand – Provigil®
Indications – narcolepsy, fatigue
(C-IV stimulant)

Question 27

Generic – Montelukast

Answer 27

> Brand – Singulair®

> indications – asthma

Question 28

Generic – Morphine

IR

Answer 28

> Brand – Roxanol®
Class – Opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-II)
(May cause drowsiness)

Question 29

Generic – Nabumetone

Answer 29

> Brand – Relafen®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)

Question 30

Generic – Nifedipine

Answer 30

> Brand – Procardia®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs

Question 31

Generic – Nisoldipine

Answer 31

> Brand – Sular®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs

Question 32

Generic – Oxycodone

IR

Answer 32

> Brand – Roxicodone®
Class – Opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-II)
(May cause drowsiness)

Question 33

Generic – Propafenone

Answer 33

> Brand – Rythmol®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias

Question 34

Generic – Pseudoephedrine

Answer 34

> Brand – Sudafed®
Class – cough and cold medications
Indications – decongestant (specific use)
(OTC)

Question 35

Generic – Quetiapine

Answer 35

> Brand – Seroquel®

> Indications – psychiatric disorders

Question 36

Generic – Quinidine

Answer 36

> Brand – Quinalan®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias

Question 37

Generic – Risperidone

Answer 37

> Brand – Risperdal®

> Indications – psychiatric disorders

Question 38

Generic – Ropinirole

Answer 38

> Brand – Requip®

> Indications – parkinson’s disease

Question 39

Generic – Salmeterol

diskus//inhaler

Answer 39

> Brand – Serevent®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Long acting)
(Inhalation only)

Question 40

Generic – Sennosides

laxatives

Answer 40

> Brand – Senokot®
Indications – constipation
(OTC)

Question 41

Generic – Sulfamethoxazole//Trimethoprim

Answer 41

> Brand – Septra®
Class – antibiotics
Background – bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them
Pharmacology – there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells.
Indications – bacterial infections
Side effects – diarrhea
Interactions – increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins
(Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)

Question 42

Generic – Tiotropium

inhalation capsules

Answer 42

> Brand – Spriva® HandiHaler
Class – inhaled anticholinergics
Background – one of the main issues with COPD is narrowed airways from acetylcholine receptor activation
Pharmacology – blocks acetylcholine receptor activations reduces airway constriction
Indications – COPD
Side Effects – dry mouth, constipation
Interactions – causes constipation from opioid drugs, and additional inhaled anticholinergic drug can worsen the constipation
(Inhalation only)

Question 43

Generic – Tiotropium

inhaler

Answer 43

> Brand – Spiriva® (Respimat)
Class – inhaled anticholinergics
Background – one of the main issues with COPD is narrowed airways from acetylcholine receptor activation
Pharmacology – blocks acetylcholine receptor activations reduces airway constriction
Indications – COPD
Side Effects – dry mouth, constipation
Interactions – causes constipation from opioid drugs, and additional inhaled anticholinergic drug can worsen the constipation
(Inhalation only)

Question 44

Generic – Topiramate

Answer 44

> Brand – Topamax®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare)
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)

Question 45

Generic – Zaleplon

Answer 45

> Brand – Sonata®
Class – sedative-hypnotics (depressants)
Background – BNZ₁ receptor activation promotes sleep
Indications – insomnia
Side Effects – drowsiness, somnolence, dependency
Interactions – increases drowsiness with other drugs that suppress nervous system activity (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol)
(C-IV)