Drug Names (Group 2 // C - F) Flashcards
Generic – Amiodarone
> Brand – Cordarone®
> Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Amitriptyline
> Brand – Elavil®
Class – tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Background – both serotonin and norepinephrine are associated to mood and energy levels
Pharmacology – blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – tachycardia, heart palpitations, hypertension, dry mouth, weight gain, reduce sex drive, serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases serotonin syndrome with other increased serotonin activity drugs (e.g. SSRIs, SNRIs)
Generic – Apixaban
> Brand – Eliquis®
Class – anticoagulants
Background – one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel
Pharmacology – blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Bisacodyl
> Brand – Dulcolax®
Indications – constipation
(OTC laxatives)
Generic – Carbamazepine
> Brand – Epitol®, Tegretol®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare)
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)
Generic – Chlorpheniramine
> Brand – Chlor-Trimeton®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)
Generic – Citalopram
> Brand – Celexa®
Class – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Background – neurotransmitters of depression, behavior, eating, and nausea/vomiting are called serotonins, and must be in a synaptic cleft long enough to exert effect, and is removed afterwards
Pharmacology – allows serotonin to remain in the synaptic cleft
Indications – depression, behavior and eating disorders
Side Effects – agitation, confusion, hallucinations, body weight, nausea, pressured speech, tremor, rigidity, diarrhea, fever, sweating, flushing, seizures, and serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases bleeding from NSAIDS, anticoagulants, and/or antiplatelets, and also serotonin syndrome from drugs (e.g. SNRI, TCAs)
[Chemical name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]
Generic – Clindamycin
> Brand – Cleocin®
> Indications – bacterial infections
Generic – Colchicine
> Brand – Colcrys®
Class – anti-gout agents
Background – gout is severe inflammation of at least one joint(s) caused by high uric acid in the blood from consuming certain foods, beverages and certain drugs killing cells inside the body to cause severe joint pain and inflammation (i.g. gout) of crystalizing (i.g turning to solid) the uric acid, and depositing it in joint spaces
Pharmacology – blocks uric acid formulations (allopurinol and febuxostat) or prevents the immune system from attacking uric acid crystals (colchicine)
Indications – gout
Side Effects – diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps/pain, impaired white blood cell formation/development (colchicine)
Interactions – many drugs can increase uric acid levels (e.g. aspirin and thiazide diuretics), which can also work against it of lowering treatments
Generic – Colestipol
> Brand – Colestsid®
Class – bile acid sequestrants
Background – thick fluid bile acid mixture comes to intestinal tract to aid fat absorption by the liver of produced cholesterol
Pharmacology – avoids produced cholesterol of bile acids to carry through the intestines and body existence by the liver of entering the bloodstream during defections
Indications – high cholesterols
Side Effects – constipation, flatulence
Interactions – too many drug interactions occur to be interfered with the absorption of many other drugs
Generic – Cyclobenzaprine
> Brand – Flexeril®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity
Generic – Dexamethasone
> Brand – Decadron®
> Indications – inflammation
Generic – Dextromethorphan
> Brand – Delsym®
Class – cough and cold medications
Indications – cough suppressant (specific use)
(OTC)
Generic – Dimenhydrinate
> Brand – Dramamine®
Class – antiemetics
Background – neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and dopamine are associate to motion sickness, cancer chemotherapy, food poisoning, viral infections, etc, within nausea and vomiting
Pharmacology – many antiemetic drugs have different action mechanisms the block one or more neurotransmitters actions
Indications – nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, vertigo
Side Effects – drowsiness, constipation
Interactions – increased drowsiness with opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, and/or other drugs
(OTC)
Generic – Divalproex
> Brand – Depakote®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare)
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)
Generic – Docusate
> Brand – Colace®
Indications – constipation
(OTC laxatives)
Generic – Duloxetine
> Brand – Cymbalta®
Class – serotonin-norepinephrine reputake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Background – norepinephrine plays mood and energy level roles
Pharmacology – blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – similar SSRIs (e.g. serotonin syndrome) effects, including cardiovascular effects (e.g. heart palpitations, hypertensions, tachycardia) of norepinephrine
Interactions – increased serotonin syndrome risks from SSRIs and TCAs drugs
Generic – Erythromycin
> Brand – Ery-tab®
> Indications – bacterial infections
Generic – Estradiol
> Brand – Estrace®
> indications – menopause symptoms
Generic – Estradiol
> Brand – Evamist®
> Indications – menopause symptoms
Generic – Ethacrynic Acid
> Brand – Edecrin®
Drug class – loop diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology –similar to thiazide diuretics to promoting salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypokalemia, hypotension, muscle cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, SJS (rare)
Indications - same drug interactions as seen with thiazide diuretics to course hypotension and hypokalemia
Generic – Fentanyl
> Brand – Duragesic®
Indications – pain
(C-II opioid)
(patch)
Generic – Fluticasone
> Brand – Flovent®
Class – inhaled corticosteroids
Background – inflammation plays a huge role in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – blocks natural production mechanisms of inflammatory mediators, and reduces inflammation
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – oral thrush, upper respiratory infection
Interactions – increases or decreases corticosteroids activity from certain drugs
(Rinse mouth after use)
Generic – Glyburide
> Brand – DiaBeta®, Micronase®
Class – sulfonylureas
Background – regular pancreas secretes insulin, and failure of the pancreas to secrete insulin amounts type II diabetes
Pharmacology – stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, weight gain
Interactions – increases hypoglycemia risks from many drugs, and other drugs can reduce sulfonylureas effects
(Take with Food)
Generic – Hydromorphone
> Brand – Dilaudid®
Class – Opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-II)
(May cause drowsiness)
Generic – Influenza Vaccine
> Brand – Fluzone®
Indications – vaccine
(injection)
Generic – Loratadine
> Brand – Claritin®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)
Generic – Magnesium Citrate
> Brand – Citrate of Magnesium
Indications – constipation
(OTC laxatives)
Generic – Meperidine
> Brand – Demerol®
Indications – pain
(C-II opioid)
Generic – Methadone
> Brand – Dolophine®
Indications – pain, opioid addiction
(C-II opioid)
Generic – Methylphenidate
ER
> Brand – Concerta®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)
(C-II)
Generic – Methylphenidate
Patch
> Brand – Daytrana®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)
(C-II)
Generic – Metronidazole
> Brand – Flagyl®
Class – antibiotics
Background – bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them
Pharmacology – there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells.
Indications – bacterial infections
Side effects – diarrhea
Interactions – increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins
(Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)
Generic – Modroxyprogesterone
intramuscular injection
> Brand – Depo-Provera®
Class – hormone contraceptives
Background – hormones normally rise and fall in a pattern or “cycle” promoting egg ovulation and implantation for pregnancy to occur
Pharmacology – preventing egg ovulation and/or implantation
Indications – pregnancy prevention
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, emotional changes, blood clots
Interactions – increases blood clot formation from smoking cigarettes, and reduces hormone contraceptive effects from antibiotics
(Category X)
(Do not use during pregnancy)
Generic – Oxybutnin
> Brand – Ditropan®
> Indications – overactive bladder
Generic – Phenytoin
> Brand – Dilantin®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare)
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)
Generic – Prasugrel
> Brand – Effient®
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when used with NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Prochlorperazine
> Brand – Compazine®
Class – antiemetics
Background – neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and dopamine are associate to motion sickness, cancer chemotherapy, food poisoning, viral infections, etc, within nausea and vomiting
Pharmacology – many antiemetic drugs have different action mechanisms the block one or more neurotransmitters actions
Indications – nausea and vomiting, motion sickness
Side Effects – drowsiness, constipation
Interactions – increased drowsiness with opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, and/or other drugs
Rx Only (Medical Prescription Only)
Generic – Propofol
> Brand – Diprivan®
Indications – sedation, anesthesia
Injection
Generic – Tolterodine
> Brand – Detrol®
> Indications – overactive bladder
Generic – Torsemide
> Brand – Demadex®
Drug class – loop diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology –similar to thiazide diuretics to promoting salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypokalemia, hypotension, muscle cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, SJS (rare)
Indications - same drug interactions as seen with thiazide diuretics to course hypotension and hypokalemia
Generic – Trazodone
> Brand – Desyrel®
> Indications – depression, insomnia
Generic – Triamterene
> Brand – Dyrenium®
Class – potassium-sparing diuretics
Background – common hypokalemia side effect is caused by diuretics
Pharmacology – increases salt and water from the via urine without causing low potassium
Indications – hypertension, heart failure
Side effects – hyperkalemia, hypotension
Interactions – causes high blood potassium levels, and increases hyperkalemia risks from potassium supplements
Generic – Venlafaxine
> Brand – Effexor®
Class – serotonin-norepinephrine reputake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Background – norepinephrine plays mood and energy level roles
Pharmacology – blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Indications – depression, eating and generalized anxiety disorders, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Side Effects – similar SSRIs (e.g. serotonin syndrome) effects, including cardiovascular effects (e.g. heart palpitations, hypertensions, tachycardia) of norepinephrine
Interactions – increased serotonin syndrome risks from SSRIs and TCAs drugs
Generic – Warfarin
> Brand – Coumadin®, Jantoven®
Class – anticoagulants
Background – one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel
Pharmacology – blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin
(Category X - do not use during pregnancy)
