Drug Names (Group 1 // A - C) Flashcards
Generic – Albuterol
nebulizer solution
> Brand – AccuNeb®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Short acting)
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Arformoterol
nebulizer solution
> Brand – Brovana®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Long acting)
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Aripiprazole
> Brand – Abilify®
> Indications – psychiatric disorders
Generic – Aspirin
> Brand – Bayer Aspirin Extra Strength®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(OTC)
(Take with food)
Generic – Aspirin
> Brand – Bayer Aspirin®, Ecotrin® (OTC Pain - Analgesics)
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – pain, blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding when risks used with NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Atropine
> Brand – AtroPen®
> Indications – cardiac arrest
Generic – Bumetanide
> Brand – Bumex®
Class – loop diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology –similar to thiazide diuretics to promoting salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypokalemia, hypotension, muscle cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, SJS (rare)
Indications - same drug interactions as seen with thiazide diuretics to course hypotension and hypokalemia
Generic – Buspirone
> Brand – Buspar®
> Indications – anxiety
Generic – Celecoxib
> Brand – Celebrex®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever, arthritis
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)
Generic – Clarithromycin
> Brand – Biaxin®
Class – antibiotics
Background – bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them
Pharmacology – there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells.
Indications – bacterial infections
Side effects – diarrhea
Interactions – increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins
(Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)
Generic – Clonidine
> Brand – Catapress®, Kapvay®
Class – alpha₂ receptor agonists (alpha₂ agonists)
Background – norepinephrine released all the time mostly from stresses, and the nerve cells have alpha₂ receptor regulators to avoid too much norepinephrine being released at one time
Pharmacology – activation decreases the norepinephrine levels (blood pressure lowering effect)
Indications – hypertension, ADHD
Side effects – bradycardia, rebound hypertension (occurring when medication is withdrawn)
Interactions – increased hypertension risks from other decrease blood pressure drugs, and increased bradycardia risks from decrease heart rate drugs
Generic – Diltiazem
> Brand – Cardizem®, Tiazac®, Taztia XT®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs
Generic – Diphenhydramine
> Brand – Benadryl®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)
Generic – Donepezil
> Brand – Aricept®
> Indications – alzheimer’s disease
Generic – Epinephrine
> Brand – Auvi-Q®
Class – alpha₁ receptor antagonists - alpha₁ blockers
Indications – anaphylaxis:
(hypotension and severe difficulty breathing)
Generic – Exenatide
> Brand – Byetta®, Bydureon®
Class – GLP-1 agonists
Background – incretins are natural body producing hormones that signal pancreas to increase insulin release
Pharmacology – mimic incretins signal the pancreas to increase insulin release
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
Interactions – increased hypoglycemia risks with other diabetic drugs
(Refrigerate, Do not Freeze)
Generic – Fexofenadine
> Brand – Allegra®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)
Generic – Fondaparinux
> Brand – Arixtra®
Class – anticoagulants
Background – one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel
Pharmacology – blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Glimepiride
> Brand – Amaryl®
Class – sulfonylureas
Background – regular pancreas secretes insulin, and failure of the pancreas to secrete insulin amounts type II diabetes
Pharmacology – stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, weight gain
Interactions – increases hypoglycemia risks from many drugs, and other drugs can reduce sulfonylureas effects
(Take with Food)
Generic – Hydralazine
> Brand – Apresoline®
Class – vasodilators
Background – insufficient blood flow to the heart caused by severe chest pain, which can be the heart attack precursor is an angina
Pharmacology – blood vessel expansion supplying blood to the heart
Indications – angina, hypertension, heart failure
Side Effects – hypotension, headache, dizziness
Interactions – increased hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure medications (e.g. Viagra®, Cialis®, and Levitra®)
Generic – Hydroxyzine
> Brand – Atarax®
> Indications – allergies, anxiety
Generic – Ibuprofen
Top 45 OTC drugs (analgesics)
> Brand – Advil®, Motrin®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Take with food)
Generic – Insulin Glulisine
> Brand – Apidra®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by rapid acting with 15 to 30 minute onset and 3 to 6 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Ipratropium
inhaler
> Brand – Attrovent® HFA
Class – inhaled anticholinergics
Background – one of the main issues with COPD is narrowed airways from acetylcholine receptor activation
Pharmacology – blocks acetylcholine receptor activations reduces airway constriction
Indications – COPD
Side Effects – dry mouth, constipation
Interactions – causes constipation from opioid drugs, and additional inhaled anticholinergic drug can worsen the constipation
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Ipratropium
nebulizer solution
> Brand – Attrovent®
Class – inhaled anticholinergics
Background – one of the main issues with COPD is narrowed airways from acetylcholine receptor activation
Pharmacology – blocks acetylcholine receptor activations reduces airway constriction
Indications – COPD
Side Effects – dry mouth, constipation
Interactions – causes constipation from opioid drugs, and additional inhaled anticholinergic drug can worsen the constipation
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Ketotifen
eye drops
> Brand – Alaways®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)
Generic – Loratadine
> Brand – Alavert®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)
Generic – Lorcaserin
> Brand – Belviq®
Indications – weight loss
(C-IV)
Generic – Meclizine
> Brand – Antivert®, Bonine®, Dramamine® II
Class – antiemetics
Background – neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and dopamine are associate to motion sickness, cancer chemotherapy, food poisoning, viral infections, etc, within nausea and vomiting
Pharmacology – many antiemetic drugs have different action mechanisms the block one or more neurotransmitters actions
Indications – nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, vertigo
Side Effects – drowsiness, constipation
Interactions – increased drowsiness with opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, and/or other drugs
(OTC)
Generic – Methyldopa
> Brand – Aldomet®
Class – alpha₂ receptor agonists (alpha₂ agonists)
Background – norepinephrine released all the time mostly from stresses, and the nerve cells have alpha₂ receptor regulars that prevent having too much norepinephrine being released at one time
Pharmacology – activation decreases the norepinephrine levels (blood pressure lowering effect)
Indications – hypertension, ADHD
Side effects – bradycardia, rebound hypertension (occurring when medication is withdrawn)
Interactions – increased hypertension risks from other decrease blood pressure drugs, and increased bradycardia risks from decrease heart rate drugs
Generic – Mometasone
> Brand – Asmanex®
Class – inhaled corticosteroids
Background – inflammation plays a huge role in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – blocks natural production mechanisms of inflammatory mediators, and reduces inflammation
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – oral thrush, upper respiratory infection
Interactions – increases or decreases corticosteroids activity from certain drugs
(Rinse mouth after use)
Generic – Mupirocin
> Brand – Bactroban®
Indications – bacterial infections
(topical)
Generic – Naproxen
analgesics
> Brand – Aleve®, Naprosyn®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(OTC pain)
(Take with food)
Generic – Nebivolol
> Brand – Bystolic®
> Indications – hypertension
Generic – Nicardipine
> Brand – Cardene®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs
Generic – Oxymetazoline
nasal spray
> Brand – Afrin®
Class – cough and cold medications
Indications – nasal decongestant (specific use)
(OTC)
Generic – Phenazopyridine
analgesics
> Brand – Azo®
Indications – urinary pain discomfort/burning
(OTC pain)
Generic – Phentermine
> Brand – Adipex-P®
Indications – weight loss
(C-IV stimulant)
Generic – Pioglitazone
> Brand – Actos®
> Indications – diabetes
Generic – Rosiglitazone
> Brand – Avandia®
> Indications – diabetes
Generic – Spironolactone
> Brand – Aldactone®
Class – potassium-sparing diuretics
Background – common hypokalemia side effect is caused by diuretics
Pharmacology – increases salt and water from the via urine without causing low potassium
Indications – hypertension, heart failure
Side effects – hyperkalemia, hypotension
Interactions – causes high blood potassium levels, and increases hyperkalemia risks from potassium supplements
Generic – Testosterone
> Brand – AndroGel®
Indications – low testosterone
(topical gel)
(C-III)
Generic – Verapamil
> Brand – Calan®, Isoptin®, Verelan®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs
Generic – Zolpidem
> Brand – Ambien®
Class – sedative-hypnotics (depressants)
Background – BNZ₁ receptor activation promotes sleep
Indications – insomnia
Side Effects – drowsiness, somnolence, dependency
Interactions – increases drowsiness with other drugs that suppress nervous system activity (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol)
(C-IV)
