Drug Names (Group 1 // A - C)

Question 1

Generic – Albuterol

nebulizer solution

Answer 1

> Brand – AccuNeb®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Short acting)
(Inhalation only)

Question 2

Generic – Arformoterol

nebulizer solution

Answer 2

> Brand – Brovana®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Long acting)
(Inhalation only)

Question 3

Generic – Aripiprazole

Answer 3

> Brand – Abilify®

> Indications – psychiatric disorders

Question 4

Generic – Aspirin

Answer 4

> Brand – Bayer Aspirin Extra Strength®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(OTC)
(Take with food)

Question 5

Generic – Aspirin

Answer 5

> Brand – Bayer Aspirin®, Ecotrin® (OTC Pain - Analgesics)
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – pain, blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding when risks used with NSAIDS and aspirin

Question 6

Generic – Atropine

Answer 6

> Brand – AtroPen®

> Indications – cardiac arrest

Question 7

Generic – Bumetanide

Answer 7

> Brand – Bumex®
Class – loop diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology –similar to thiazide diuretics to promoting salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypokalemia, hypotension, muscle cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, SJS (rare)
Indications - same drug interactions as seen with thiazide diuretics to course hypotension and hypokalemia

Question 8

Generic – Buspirone

Answer 8

> Brand – Buspar®

> Indications – anxiety

Question 9

Generic – Celecoxib

Answer 9

> Brand – Celebrex®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever, arthritis
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)

Question 10

Generic – Clarithromycin

Answer 10

> Brand – Biaxin®
Class – antibiotics
Background – bacteria and humans are living cells, but there are several structural and physiological differences between them
Pharmacology – there are different antibiotic classes where each one exploits a difference between bacterial and human cells.
Indications – bacterial infections
Side effects – diarrhea
Interactions – increases warfarin of increased bleeding, and decreases oral contraceptives effects, and impair antibiotic absorption from electrolytes within antacids and multivitamins
(Finish all medication unless directed otherwise)

Question 11

Generic – Clonidine

Answer 11

> Brand – Catapress®, Kapvay®
Class – alpha₂ receptor agonists (alpha₂ agonists)
Background – norepinephrine released all the time mostly from stresses, and the nerve cells have alpha₂ receptor regulators to avoid too much norepinephrine being released at one time
Pharmacology – activation decreases the norepinephrine levels (blood pressure lowering effect)
Indications – hypertension, ADHD
Side effects – bradycardia, rebound hypertension (occurring when medication is withdrawn)
Interactions – increased hypertension risks from other decrease blood pressure drugs, and increased bradycardia risks from decrease heart rate drugs

Question 12

Generic – Diltiazem

Answer 12

> Brand – Cardizem®, Tiazac®, Taztia XT®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs

Question 13

Generic – Diphenhydramine

Answer 13

> Brand – Benadryl®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)

Question 14

Generic – Donepezil

Answer 14

> Brand – Aricept®

> Indications – alzheimer’s disease

Question 15

Generic – Epinephrine

Answer 15

> Brand – Auvi-Q®
Class – alpha₁ receptor antagonists - alpha₁ blockers
Indications – anaphylaxis:
(hypotension and severe difficulty breathing)

Question 16

Generic – Exenatide

Answer 16

> Brand – Byetta®, Bydureon®
Class – GLP-1 agonists
Background – incretins are natural body producing hormones that signal pancreas to increase insulin release
Pharmacology – mimic incretins signal the pancreas to increase insulin release
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
Interactions – increased hypoglycemia risks with other diabetic drugs
(Refrigerate, Do not Freeze)

Question 17

Generic – Fexofenadine

Answer 17

> Brand – Allegra®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)

Question 18

Generic – Fondaparinux

Answer 18

> Brand – Arixtra®
Class – anticoagulants
Background – one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel
Pharmacology – blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin

Question 19

Generic – Glimepiride

Answer 19

> Brand – Amaryl®
Class – sulfonylureas
Background – regular pancreas secretes insulin, and failure of the pancreas to secrete insulin amounts type II diabetes
Pharmacology – stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, weight gain
Interactions – increases hypoglycemia risks from many drugs, and other drugs can reduce sulfonylureas effects
(Take with Food)

Question 20

Generic – Hydralazine

Answer 20

> Brand – Apresoline®
Class – vasodilators
Background – insufficient blood flow to the heart caused by severe chest pain, which can be the heart attack precursor is an angina
Pharmacology – blood vessel expansion supplying blood to the heart
Indications – angina, hypertension, heart failure
Side Effects – hypotension, headache, dizziness
Interactions – increased hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure medications (e.g. Viagra®, Cialis®, and Levitra®)

Question 21

Generic – Hydroxyzine

Answer 21

> Brand – Atarax®

> Indications – allergies, anxiety

Question 22

Generic – Ibuprofen

Top 45 OTC drugs (analgesics)

Answer 22

> Brand – Advil®, Motrin®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Take with food)

Question 23

Generic – Insulin Glulisine

Answer 23

> Brand – Apidra®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by rapid acting with 15 to 30 minute onset and 3 to 6 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)

Question 24

Generic – Ipratropium

inhaler

Answer 24

> Brand – Attrovent® HFA
Class – inhaled anticholinergics
Background – one of the main issues with COPD is narrowed airways from acetylcholine receptor activation
Pharmacology – blocks acetylcholine receptor activations reduces airway constriction
Indications – COPD
Side Effects – dry mouth, constipation
Interactions – causes constipation from opioid drugs, and additional inhaled anticholinergic drug can worsen the constipation
(Inhalation only)

Question 25

Generic – Ipratropium

nebulizer solution

Answer 25

> Brand – Attrovent®
Class – inhaled anticholinergics
Background – one of the main issues with COPD is narrowed airways from acetylcholine receptor activation
Pharmacology – blocks acetylcholine receptor activations reduces airway constriction
Indications – COPD
Side Effects – dry mouth, constipation
Interactions – causes constipation from opioid drugs, and additional inhaled anticholinergic drug can worsen the constipation
(Inhalation only)

Question 26

Generic – Ketotifen

eye drops

Answer 26

> Brand – Alaways®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)

Question 27

Generic – Loratadine

Answer 27

> Brand – Alavert®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC)

Question 28

Generic – Lorcaserin

Answer 28

> Brand – Belviq®
Indications – weight loss
(C-IV)

Question 29

Generic – Meclizine

Answer 29

> Brand – Antivert®, Bonine®, Dramamine® II
Class – antiemetics
Background – neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and dopamine are associate to motion sickness, cancer chemotherapy, food poisoning, viral infections, etc, within nausea and vomiting
Pharmacology – many antiemetic drugs have different action mechanisms the block one or more neurotransmitters actions
Indications – nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, vertigo
Side Effects – drowsiness, constipation
Interactions – increased drowsiness with opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, and/or other drugs
(OTC)

Question 30

Generic – Methyldopa

Answer 30

> Brand – Aldomet®
Class – alpha₂ receptor agonists (alpha₂ agonists)
Background – norepinephrine released all the time mostly from stresses, and the nerve cells have alpha₂ receptor regulars that prevent having too much norepinephrine being released at one time
Pharmacology – activation decreases the norepinephrine levels (blood pressure lowering effect)
Indications – hypertension, ADHD
Side effects – bradycardia, rebound hypertension (occurring when medication is withdrawn)
Interactions – increased hypertension risks from other decrease blood pressure drugs, and increased bradycardia risks from decrease heart rate drugs

Question 31

Generic – Mometasone

Answer 31

> Brand – Asmanex®
Class – inhaled corticosteroids
Background – inflammation plays a huge role in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – blocks natural production mechanisms of inflammatory mediators, and reduces inflammation
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – oral thrush, upper respiratory infection
Interactions – increases or decreases corticosteroids activity from certain drugs
(Rinse mouth after use)

Question 32

Generic – Mupirocin

Answer 32

> Brand – Bactroban®
Indications – bacterial infections
(topical)

Question 33

Generic – Naproxen

analgesics

Answer 33

> Brand – Aleve®, Naprosyn®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(OTC pain)
(Take with food)

Question 34

Generic – Nebivolol

Answer 34

> Brand – Bystolic®

> Indications – hypertension

Question 35

Generic – Nicardipine

Answer 35

> Brand – Cardene®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs

Question 36

Generic – Oxymetazoline

nasal spray

Answer 36

> Brand – Afrin®
Class – cough and cold medications
Indications – nasal decongestant (specific use)
(OTC)

Question 37

Generic – Phenazopyridine

analgesics

Answer 37

> Brand – Azo®
Indications – urinary pain discomfort/burning
(OTC pain)

Question 38

Generic – Phentermine

Answer 38

> Brand – Adipex-P®
Indications – weight loss
(C-IV stimulant)

Question 39

Generic – Pioglitazone

Answer 39

> Brand – Actos®

> Indications – diabetes

Question 40

Generic – Rosiglitazone

Answer 40

> Brand – Avandia®

> Indications – diabetes

Question 41

Generic – Spironolactone

Answer 41

> Brand – Aldactone®
Class – potassium-sparing diuretics
Background – common hypokalemia side effect is caused by diuretics
Pharmacology – increases salt and water from the via urine without causing low potassium
Indications – hypertension, heart failure
Side effects – hyperkalemia, hypotension
Interactions – causes high blood potassium levels, and increases hyperkalemia risks from potassium supplements

Question 42

Generic – Testosterone

Answer 42

> Brand – AndroGel®
Indications – low testosterone
(topical gel)
(C-III)

Question 43

Generic – Verapamil

Answer 43

> Brand – Calan®, Isoptin®, Verelan®
Class – calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Background – effective calcium contraction comes from heart and blood line vessels of muscle tissue forms
Pharmacology – lesser heart beats and more blood vessel relaxations to decrease blood pressure by reduced calcium to cardiac and vascular muscle cells
Indications – hypertension, angina, arrhythmias
Side effects – fatigue, edema
Interactions – increases hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure drugs

Question 44

Generic – Zolpidem

Answer 44

> Brand – Ambien®
Class – sedative-hypnotics (depressants)
Background – BNZ₁ receptor activation promotes sleep
Indications – insomnia
Side Effects – drowsiness, somnolence, dependency
Interactions – increases drowsiness with other drugs that suppress nervous system activity (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol)
(C-IV)