Drug Names (Group 3 // F - L) Flashcards
Generic - Heparin
(No brand)
> Class – anticoagulants
> Background – one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel
> Pharmacology – blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming
> Indications – blood clots
> Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
> Interactions – vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – 70% Insulin NPH and 30% Regular Human Insulin Mixture
> Brand – Humulin 70/30®, Novolin 70/30®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(OTC)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – 75% Lispro Protamine Insulin and 25% Lispro Insulin Mixture
> Brand – Humalog 75/25®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Alendronate
> Brand – Fosamax®
> Indications – osteoporosis
Generic – Baclofen
> Brand – Liorisal®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity
Generic – Chlorthalidone
> Brand – Hygroton®, Thalitone®
Class – thiazide diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology – increases salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, mule cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, and SJS (rare)
Drug interactions – severe hypertension and hypokalemia by combining other reduced blood pressure drugs (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, loop diuretics)
Generic – Dexmethylphenidate
> Brand – Focalin®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)
(C-II)
Generic – Digoxin
> Brand – Lanoxin®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Eplerenone
> Brand – Inspra®
Class – potassium-sparing diuretics
Background – common hypokalemia side effect is caused by diuretics
Pharmacology – increases salt and water from the via urine without causing low potassium
Indications – hypertension, heart failure
Side effects – hyperkalemia, hypotension
Interactions – causes high blood potassium levels, and increases hyperkalemia risks from potassium supplements
Generic – Eptifibatide
> Brand – Integrillin®
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when used with NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Escitalopram
> Brand – Lexapro®
Class – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Background – neurotransmitters of depression, behavior, eating, and nausea/vomiting are called serotonins, and must be in a synaptic cleft long enough to exert effect, and is removed afterwards
Pharmacology – allows serotonin to remain in the synaptic cleft
Indications – depression, behavior and eating disorders
Side Effects – agitation, confusion, hallucinations, body weight, nausea, pressured speech, tremor, rigidity, diarrhea, fever, sweating, flushing, seizures, and serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases bleeding from NSAIDS, anticoagulants, and/or antiplatelets, and also serotonin syndrome from drugs (e.g. SNRI, TCAs)
[Chemical name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]
Generic – Etodolac
> Brand – Lodine®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)
Generic – Fluticasone
> Brand – Flonase®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC nasal spray)
Generic – Formoteral (inhaler)
> Brand – Foradil Aerolizer®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Long acting)
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Furosemide
> Brand – Lasix®
Class – loop diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology –similar to thiazide diuretics to promoting salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypokalemia, hypotension, muscle cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, SJS (rare)
Indications - same drug interactions as seen with thiazide diuretics to course hypotension and hypokalemia
Generic – Glipizide
> Brand – Glucotrol®
Class – sulfonylureas
Background – regular pancreas secretes insulin, and failure of the pancreas to secrete insulin amounts type II diabetes
Pharmacology – stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, weight gain
Interactions – increases hypoglycemia risks from many drugs, and other drugs can reduce sulfonylureas effects
(Take with Food)
