Drug Names (Group 3 // F - L) Flashcards
Generic - Heparin
(No brand)
> Class – anticoagulants
> Background – one of two major blood clot components are fibrin that forms a reaction from blood and chemicals by damaged blood vessel
> Pharmacology – blocks and interferes the chemical reactions that lead to fibrin forming
> Indications – blood clots
> Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
> Interactions – vitamin k can effect the warfarin medication, and increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when using NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – 70% Insulin NPH and 30% Regular Human Insulin Mixture
> Brand – Humulin 70/30®, Novolin 70/30®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(OTC)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – 75% Lispro Protamine Insulin and 25% Lispro Insulin Mixture
> Brand – Humalog 75/25®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Alendronate
> Brand – Fosamax®
> Indications – osteoporosis
Generic – Baclofen
> Brand – Liorisal®
Class – muscle relaxant
Background – nervous system mediates muscle contraction
Pharmacology – nerve signals interfere muscle contraction mediation
Indications – muscle spasm, pulled muscle, back pain
Side Effects – drowsiness
Interactions – increases drowsiness/sedation from other suppressed drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, alcohol) that suppress the nervous activity
Generic – Chlorthalidone
> Brand – Hygroton®, Thalitone®
Class – thiazide diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology – increases salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, mule cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, and SJS (rare)
Drug interactions – severe hypertension and hypokalemia by combining other reduced blood pressure drugs (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, loop diuretics)
Generic – Dexmethylphenidate
> Brand – Focalin®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)
(C-II)
Generic – Digoxin
> Brand – Lanoxin®
Class – antiarrhythmics
Background – irregular impulse nerves traveling within the heart is caused by cardiac arrhythmias
Pharmacology – slowness and stabilizing cardiac impulse nerves
Indications – cardiac arrhythmias
Side Effects – new or worsened cardiac arrhythmias
Interactions – occur with prolong QT interval drugs that causes life threatening cardiac arrhythmias
Generic – Eplerenone
> Brand – Inspra®
Class – potassium-sparing diuretics
Background – common hypokalemia side effect is caused by diuretics
Pharmacology – increases salt and water from the via urine without causing low potassium
Indications – hypertension, heart failure
Side effects – hyperkalemia, hypotension
Interactions – causes high blood potassium levels, and increases hyperkalemia risks from potassium supplements
Generic – Eptifibatide
> Brand – Integrillin®
Class – antiplatelets
Background – one of two key blood clot components are platelets
Pharmacology – prevents platelet aggregation
Indications – blood clots
Side Effects – excessive bleeding, easy bruising
Interactions – increase gastrointestinal bleeding risks when used with NSAIDS and aspirin
Generic – Escitalopram
> Brand – Lexapro®
Class – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Background – neurotransmitters of depression, behavior, eating, and nausea/vomiting are called serotonins, and must be in a synaptic cleft long enough to exert effect, and is removed afterwards
Pharmacology – allows serotonin to remain in the synaptic cleft
Indications – depression, behavior and eating disorders
Side Effects – agitation, confusion, hallucinations, body weight, nausea, pressured speech, tremor, rigidity, diarrhea, fever, sweating, flushing, seizures, and serotonin syndrome
Interactions – increases bleeding from NSAIDS, anticoagulants, and/or antiplatelets, and also serotonin syndrome from drugs (e.g. SNRI, TCAs)
[Chemical name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)]
Generic – Etodolac
> Brand – Lodine®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)
Generic – Fluticasone
> Brand – Flonase®
Class – antihistamines
Indications – allergies
(OTC nasal spray)
Generic – Formoteral (inhaler)
> Brand – Foradil Aerolizer®
Class – inhaled beta agonists
Background – narrowed airways is one of the main issues in asthma and COPD
Pharmacology – lung airways become dilated once beta-receptors are activated for patients to breathe easier
Indications – asthma, COPD
Side Effects – tachycardia, palpitations
Interactions – certain beta-blockers (e.g. carvedilol) can oppose inhaled beta agonists effects
(Long acting)
(Inhalation only)
Generic – Furosemide
> Brand – Lasix®
Class – loop diuretics
Background – sodium is associated with water retention and hypertension
Pharmacology –similar to thiazide diuretics to promoting salt and water transferring from blood to urine
Indications – hypertension, edema
Side effects – hypokalemia, hypotension, muscle cramps, cardiac arrhythmias, photosensitivity, SJS (rare)
Indications - same drug interactions as seen with thiazide diuretics to course hypotension and hypokalemia
Generic – Glipizide
> Brand – Glucotrol®
Class – sulfonylureas
Background – regular pancreas secretes insulin, and failure of the pancreas to secrete insulin amounts type II diabetes
Pharmacology – stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, weight gain
Interactions – increases hypoglycemia risks from many drugs, and other drugs can reduce sulfonylureas effects
(Take with Food)
Generic – Guanfacine
> Brand – Intuniv®, Tenex®
Class – alpha₂ receptor agonists (alpha₂ agonists)
Background – norepinephrine released all the time mostly from stresses, and the nerve cells have alpha₂ receptor regulars that prevent having too much norepinephrine being released at one time
Pharmacology – activation decreases the norepinephrine levels (blood pressure lowering effect)
Indications – hypertension, ADHD
Side effects – bradycardia, rebound hypertension (occurring when medication is withdrawn)
Interactions – increased hypertension risks from other decrease blood pressure drugs, and increased bradycardia risks from decrease heart rate drugs
Generic – Guanfacine
> Brand – Intuniv®
Class – stimulants
Background – poor mental focus is a major ADHD symptom
Pharmacology – stimulates the central nervous system to improve mental focus
Indications – ADHD, narcolepsy
Side Effects – insomnia, hypertension, dependency
Interactions – increases high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems from other stimulant drugs (e.g. caffeine and weight-loss)
Generic – Haloperidol
> Brand – Haldol®
> Indications – psychiatric disorders
Generic – Hydrocodone
> Brand – Lortab®, Norco®, Tussigon®, Tussionex®, Vicodin®
Class – opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-II)
(May cause drowsiness)
Generic – Indomethacin
> Brand – Indocin®
Class – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Background – inflammation commonly causes pain, and prostaglandins are produced naturally within the body when mediated
Pharmacology – blocks prostaglandins production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme responsibility
Indications – pain, inflammation, fever, gout flares
Side Effects – nausea and vomiting, stomach ulcers, renal impairment
Interactions – increased bleeding (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) with other anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs
(Rx only)
(Take with food)
Generic – Insulin Determir
> Brand – Levemir®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by long acting with 1 to 2 hour onset and 24 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Insulin Glargine
> Brand – Lantus®, Toujeo®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by ultra long acting with 1 to 2 hour onset and 24 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Insulin Lispro
> Brand – Humelog®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by ultra long acting with 15 to 30 minute onset and 3 to 6 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(Rx Only)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Insulin NPH
> Brand – Humulin N®, Novolin N®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by intermediate acting with 1 to 2 hour onset and 16 to 24 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(OTC)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Isosorbide Dinitrate
> Brand – Isordil®
Class – vasodilators
Background – insufficient blood flow to the heart caused by severe chest pain, which can be the heart attack precursor is an angina
Pharmacology – blood vessel expansion supplying blood to the heart
Indications – angina, hypertension, heart failure
Side Effects – hypotension, headache, dizziness
Interactions – increased hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure medications (e.g. Viagra®, Cialis®, and Levitra®)
Generic – Isosorbide Mononitrate
> Brand – Imdur®
Class – vasodilators
Background – insufficient blood flow to the heart caused by severe chest pain, which can be the heart attack precursor is an angina
Pharmacology – blood vessel expansion supplying blood to the heart
Indications – angina, hypertension, heart failure
Side Effects – hypotension, headache, dizziness
Interactions – increased hypotension risks with other lower blood pressure medications (e.g. Viagra®, Cialis®, and Levitra®)
Generic – Lamotrigine
> Brand – Lamictal®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare)
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)
Generic – Levetiracetam
> Brand – Keppra®
Class – antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
Background – abnormal hyperactive nerve functions are caused by seizures
Pharmacology – suppressing nerve activity from various mechanisms (e.g. sodium ion channel modulation, GABA receptor stimulation, glutamate receptor antagonism)
Indications – seizures, nerve pain, psychiatric disorders
Side Effects – drowsiness, mental slowness, weight gain, rash, SJS (rare)
Interactions – severe nerve system suppress when combined what other suppress nerve system drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol)
Generic – Lidocaine
> Brand – Lidoderm®
Indications – pain
(patch)
Generic – Lithium Carbonate
> Brand – Lithobid®
> Indications – psychiatric disorders
Generic – Metformin
> Brand – Glocophage®
Class – biguanides
Background – diabetic patients have high blood glucose levels
Pharmacology – three mechanisms reduces blood glucose levels: 1) reduce the amount thats produced by the liver, 2) reducing the glucose intestinal absorption, and 3) improving insulin cellular response
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting
Interactions – increases metformin levels by 50% with cimetidine
Generic – Metformin
> Brand – Fortamet®, Glucophage®
Class – biguanides
Background – diabetic patients have high blood glucose levels
Pharmacology – three mechanisms reduces blood glucose levels: 1) reduce the amount thats produced by the liver, 2) reducing the glucose intestinal absorption, and 3) improving insulin cellular response
Indications – type II diabetes
Side Effects – lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting
Interactions – increases metformin levels by 50% with cimetidine
Generic – Morphine
extended-release
> Brand – Kadian®, MS Contin®
Class – Opioids
Background – opioid receptor activation produces analgesics and sedation
Pharmacology – provides pain relief from opioid receptor activation
Indications – pain, cough
Side effects – sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, dependency
Interactions – increases sedation and respiratory depression incidences with other drugs surpassing the nervous system (e.g. benzodiazepines, alcohol)
(C-II)
(May cause drowsiness)
Generic – Potassium Chloride
> Brand – Klor-Con®
> Indications – hypokalemia (low level of potassium in the blood)
Generic – Potassium Chloride
> Brand – K-Dur®
> Indications – hypokalemia (low level of potassium in the blood)
Generic – Regular Human Insulin
> Brand – Humulin R®, Novolin R®
Class – insulin
Background – nutrients absorbed into the blood stream enters the intestinal tract where it derives glucose from carbohydrate-containing foods as a source of energy
Pharmacology – stimulates glucose cellular uptake from the blood by short acting with 30 to 60 minute onset and 6 to 10 hour duration action process
Indications – type II and type II diabetes
Side Effects – hypoglycemia, redness/swelling/itching from injection site
Interactions – increases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. thyroid hormones, diuretics, corticosteroids). Also decreases blood sugar from other drugs (e.g. antidiabetics) and hypoglycemia
(OTC)
(Refrigerate, Do Not Freeze)
Generic – Terbinafine
> Brand – Lamisil®
Indications – fungal infections (e.g. jock itch, athlete’s foot, and ringworm)
(OTC)
Generic – Tolnaftate
> Brand – Lamisil® AF
> Indications – fungal infections (e.g. jock itch, athlete’s foot, and ringworm) (OTC)
Generic – Triamcinolone
> Brand – Kenelog®
> Indications – inflammation, skin disorders
