Drug Names (Cholinergics) Flashcards
The generic name of Carbachol is?
Carcholin
Carbachol/Carcholin
Cholinergic agent; choline ester with charge to avoid AChE breakdown; used for glaucoma
Pilocarpine
Most popular cholinergic agent; great at breaking miosis, treat glaucoma and acute angle closure glaucoma Does not lower aqueous production but increases its outflow. Affected by pigment binding Causes miosis, increasing aqueous outflow and increasing accommodation (lens is also shifted forward) Can get accommodative spasm from CB contraction
Ecothiophate’s generic name is?
Phospholine
Ecothiophate/Phospholine
Indirect parasympathomimetic; inhibits AChE; used to diagnose and treat accommodative esotropia
Pralidoxime (Protopam 2-PAM)
Reactivates AChE and can reverse ecothiophate’s effects
Atropine
Most powerful of antimuscarinics; greatest cycloplegic/miotic effect for longest duration; tend to use in the younger kids for cycloplegic exams; Contraindicated in Down’s and Glaucoma Can cause increase in IOP (POAG concern) Allergic reaction presents as ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
Homatropine
Antimuscarinic; produces a minimal mydriatic/cycloplegic effect; however great at dealing with ciliary spasm and used in inflammatory uveitis but is NOT an anti-inflammatory
Scopolamine
Antimuscarinic; similar potency to atropine and similar toxicities; Used for patients who need atropine’s potency but are allergic to it
Cyclopentolate (Cyclogel)
Antimuscarinic; used for cycloplegic exams in 12+ aged patients Contraindicated in Down’s syndrome Can cause increase in IOP (POAG concern) Causes stinging/burning, require LA first to mitigate
Tropicamide (Mydriacyl)
Antimuscarinic; has the fastest onset of action (mydriasis), still causes cycloplegia though we don’t use it for these effects Side effects rare
Physostigmine
Antidote to atropine
Pirenzepine
Antimuscarinic; relatively selective muscarinic (M1) to try and treat myopia
Paramyd
1% hydroxyamphetamine and 0.25% tropicamide
Cyclopmydril
1% Phenylephrine and 0.2% cyclopentolate
