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Pharmacology II > All drug names > Flashcards

All drug names Flashcards

1
Q

Morphine

A

Prototypical Opiate

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2
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic; working on proximal tubule; becomes filtered into urea and drags water into urine with itMostly used to maintain acute renal failure

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3
Q

Glyerol

A

Osmotic diuretic; freely filtered into urine and increases the volume. Safer and less effective than MannitolHas a caloric value

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4
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A

Prototypical antipsychotic; Dopamine 2 (D2) antagonist, preventing cAMP, ultimating causing phosphatase enzyme to breakdown proteinsMay cause whirl and stellate pigmentation on corneaCan cause photophobia

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5
Q

Met. enkephalinLeu. enkephalinBeta-endorphinDynorphin

A

Endogenous opiate-peptides (natural stuff)

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6
Q

Acetalzolamide (Diamox)

A

Prototypical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; sulfa drugTaken orally

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7
Q

Dorzolamide (Trusopt)

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor; topical, used in the eye for IOP.Can be used off label for treatment of acute mountain sickness by causing acidosis (drives respiration which is helpful in elevated climates)

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8
Q

Trifluroperazine (Stelazine)

A

Piperazine phenothiazine; Subcategory to chlorpromazine; typical antipsychotic; Very potent antipsychotic with very potent toxicities

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9
Q

Clozapine (Clozaril)

A

Prototypical atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 as well and some NMDA action; least likely to cause extra pyramidal effects, and fewer toxicities in general. Can cause agranulocytosis

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10
Q

Naltrexone (ReVia)Naloxone (Narcan)-xone

A

Specific opiate receptor antagonistsGood for opioid overdose/unknown severe respiratory depression

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11
Q

Oxycodone (Percodan)

A

Opiate; structurally similar to morphineSame efficacy as morphine, ORALLY effective and frequently abused

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12
Q

Olanzaine (Zyprexa)

A

Atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 and some NMDA action; can cause prolactin release and weight gain

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13
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Subcategory of chlorpromazine, very similar to trifluroperazine

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14
Q

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

A

Newest atypical antipsychotic; Partial Agonist at D2 receptors and 5-HT, high clinical efficacy with minimal weight gain

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15
Q

Codeine

A

Opiate; structurally similar to morphineOrally effective at 1/10th potency when given subcutaneouslyMetabolized into morphine at liver

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16
Q

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize

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17
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize

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18
Q

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

A

K+ sparring diuretic; directly blocks Na/K exchange in late distal tubule to conserveFew toxicities, but do not use while on potassium supplement

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19
Q

Thioridazine (Malleri)

A

Piperidine phenothiazine; Subcategory to chlorpromazine; typical antipsychotic; less potent than other typical antipsychotics but tends to cause great amounts of sedation though with fewer extrapyramidal effectsMay cause retinal pigmentation

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20
Q

Detromethorphan

A

Opiate; structurally similar to morphineNon-narcotic anti-tussiveAffects a non-opioid receptorOTC, no dependence

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21
Q

Quinidine

A

Class I Anti-arrhythmic; blocks Na channel to hyperpolarize and slow impulses.

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22
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

A

Prototypical thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport

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23
Q

Disopyramide (Norpace)

A

Class IA Anti-arrhythmic; Like quinidine, a sodium and some potassium block to slow heart.Metabolized into an active product

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24
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepine used for treating sleep insomnia and not anxietyHalf-life is about 8-12 hours (short ish for this class)

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25
Q

Hydromorphine (Dilaudid)

A

Opiate5 times the potency of morphine and shorter duration

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26
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

Selective COX-2 InhibitorLittle GI tract action and little platelet aggregation inhibition

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27
Q

Indapamide (Lozol)

A

Thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport

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28
Q

“-barbital” (Secobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital)

A

Barbiturate; low doses enhance GABA receptor activity like benzodiazepines, higher doses also force open chloride channel

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29
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal)

A

Atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 and some NMDA action; more extrapyramidal effects than clozapine but no agranulocytosis.

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30
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP) (N-Acetyl-para-aminophenol)

A

NSAID

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31
Q

Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)

A

Thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport

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32
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.Approved for insomnia with short halflife

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33
Q

Diltiazam

A

Class III anti-arrhythmic; calcium channel blocker; not as selective as verapamil and more issues with hypotension

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34
Q

Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen (Vicodin)

A

OpiateOxycodone with an OH groupMOST FREQUENTLY PRESCRIBED DRUG IN THE USA

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35
Q

Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)

A

More potent than ASA

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36
Q

Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)

A

Benzodiazepine; date rape drug

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37
Q

Naproxen (Aleve)

A

NSAID

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38
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Prototypical loop diuretic; sulfa; blocks Na/Cl/K co-transport in thick ascending loop of Henle, losing the NaCl and K to the urine

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39
Q

Gamma Hydroxyl Buturate (GHB)

A

Precursor for GABA; date rape drugApproved for narcoleptics as Sodium Oxybate

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40
Q

Dabigatrin (Pradaxa)

A

Active thrombin inhibitor; inhibits thrombin (active factor IIa)

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41
Q

AspirinMethyl SalicylateDiflunisal

A

NSAID/Non-opioid analgesics

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42
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

Selective COX-2 InhibitorLittle GI tract action and little platelet aggregation inhibition

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43
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID; but is a really, really good anti-platelet drug; affects COX-1 and COX-2 and disrupts prostaglandinsClassic toxicity is GI upset/ulcer

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44
Q

Bumetanid (Bumex)

A

Prototypical loop diuretic; sulfa; blocks Na/Cl/K co-transport in thick ascending loop of Henle, losing the NaCl and K to the urine

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45
Q

Dipyridamole (Persantine)

A

Anti-coagulant drug; Inhibits cAMP breakdown by inhibiting phosphodiesterase to decrease ADP to decrease platelet aggregation

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46
Q

Intermediate lasting insulin preparation lasting 18-24 hours

A

Humulin N or Novolin N

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47
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neuronsMost antimuscarinic activity/toxicity

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48
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP) (N-Acetyl-para-aminophenol)

A

NSAID

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49
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Adenosine Receptor Antagonist; Blocks ADP receptors to prevent ADP mitigated platelet; newer than Ticlid

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50
Q

Spirolactone (Aldactone)

A

K+ sparring diuretic; blocks aldosterone action to prevent Na/K exchange in late distal tubule to conserve.

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51
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

A

Newer generation sulfonylurea

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52
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)Sertraline (Zoloft)Paroxetine (Paxil)Citalopram (Celexa)Escitalopram (Lexapro)

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Blocks 5-HT reuptake, causes more sertonergic transmission in long term.Less antiarrythmic and antimuscarinic effects compared to tricyclics but much higher incidence of NVD (nausea/vomiting/diarrhea)Fatal interactions with MAOIs

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53
Q

Indomethacin

A

Most potent NSAID

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54
Q

Clofibrate (Atomodi)

A

Prototypical Fibric Acid derivative; Increases lipoprotein lipase action to breakdown VLDL, and inhibits its release while increasing TG entry into peripheral tissue

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55
Q

Glimepiride (Ammaryl)

A

Newer generation sulfonylurea

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56
Q

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

A

Monoamine Receptor Antagonists; block A2 receptors and increasing NE/5-HT release.

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57
Q

Fenofibrate (Tricor)

A

Fibric acid derivative; increases peripheral lipolysis (like clofibrate)

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58
Q

Oxazepam (Serax)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarizeNot metabolized to active compound, half life is 50 hoursLeast likely to cause paradoxical reaction

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59
Q

Sulindac (Clinoril)

A

Active metabolite, related to indomethacin with less GI problems

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60
Q

Nateglinide (Starlix)

A

Secretagogues; used for short term blood glucose control

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61
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

A

Atypical antidepressant; MOA unclear, seems to be enhancing neurotransmissionLower risk of antimuscarinic effects compared to TCAs

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62
Q

Colestipol (Colestid)

A

Bile acid binding resin; large polymeric molecule that binds to fat molecules in GI tract to prevent their systemic absorption

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63
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

A

Thiazolidinedione

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64
Q

Alprazolam

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarizeHalf life is 6-20 hours

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65
Q

Lithium

A

Inhibits NE release while increasing 5-HT release. Stabilizes mood by altering second messenger systems (inhibition of inositol phosphate pathway)Specificly used as an anti-manic drug, takes a week or two to get full effect.More toxic than other antidepressants and requires monitoring.

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66
Q

Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)

A

More potent than ASA

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67
Q

Ezetimibe (Zetia, Vytorin)

A

Intestinal Sterol Absorption Inhibitor; selective inhibitor of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) transport molecule used for cholesterol absorption from GI tract

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68
Q

GLP-1 receptor agonists

A

Liraglutide and Exenatide

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69
Q

Busipirone (Buspar)

A

Non-benzodiazepine antianxiety agent; works downstream from GABA receptors by acting as a partial agonist at 5HT receptorsTakes days for full effect to develop but good for chronic treatment of anxiety, no additive effect with other CNS substances and no withdrawal effects

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70
Q

Isoflurane

A

Gaseous anaesthetic; med onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; catecholamien compatibleSafer and newer than halothaneSomewhat pungent odor

71
Q

Naproxen (Aleve)

A

NSAID

72
Q

Sevoflurane

A

Newer gaseous anaesthetic; med onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; catecholamien compatibleEven less pulmonary irritation than other classes

73
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

Class IB anti-arrhythmic; blocks active and inactive sodium channels rapidly and highly effective at treating ventricular fibrillationAlso used for ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial infarctContraindicated in epilepsy and liver disease

74
Q

Thiopental

A

IV anaesthetic; enhances GABA action “truth serum”; NO ANALGESIA, no muscle relaxationVery rapid onset Very lipid soluble and accumulates in fatUsed for inducing analgesia not maintain itCan cause CV and profound respiratory depression

75
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A

IV anaesthetic; may prevent GABA reuptake; Very rapid onset and very potent effects (depression of CV and respiratory); also affects fetus; short half life and can be used to maintain anaethesia

76
Q

Diclofenax

A

NSAID that also decreases free arachidonic acid

77
Q

Phenylephrine’s Generic name is?

A

Neo-synephrine

78
Q

Flecainide (Tambocor)

A

Class IC anti-arrhythmic; maximal depression of phase 0, extremely powerful sodium channel blocker

79
Q

Phenylephrine/Neo-synephrine

A

Adrenergic agent; A1 agonist

80
Q

Tameazepam (Restoril)

A

Benzodiazepine that is used to treat insomnia and not anxiety; metabolzied into oxazepam

81
Q

Apracolindine’s generic name is?

A

Oopidine

82
Q

Apracolindine/Oopidine

A

Selective A2 agonist

83
Q

Propranolol (-olol)

A

Beta blocker (Class II); blocks adrenergic (beta) activity, especially good at treating arrhythmia due to excess sympathetic tone

84
Q

Valproic Acid (Depakane)

A

Anti-convulsant often used for mixed presentation seizures; decreases Na influx, prolong inactivation channel, block T-type Ca channel, block NMDA receptor and increase GABA synthesis and inhibit breakdown (minor)

85
Q

AspirinMethyl SalicylateDiflunisal

A

NSAID/Non-opioid analgesics

86
Q

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

A

Anti-convulsant; good for absence and myoclonic seizure; enhance GABA and some T-type Ca action;Tolerance can form against anti-convulsant action, and rapid withdrawal can precipitate seizure

87
Q

Sotalol

A

Class II with some potassium blocking

88
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect NE release, adrenergic actionCan be used to debrade corneal epitheliumHighly controlled

89
Q

Zolpidem

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.Approved for insomnia with short halflife

90
Q

What is Daplprazole’s commercial name?

A

Rev-Eyes

91
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

A

Class III anti arrhythmia; increases duration of action potentialUsed in cases of severe resistant arrhythmia

92
Q

Diazapam (Valium)

A

Benzodiazepine; can be used to treat STATUS EPILECTICUS

93
Q

Zaleplon

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.Approved for insomnia with short halflife

94
Q

Tacrine (Cognex)Donepexil (Aricept)Rivastigmine (Exelon)

A

Anticholinesterase agents for treating Alzheimer’sToxicities relate to higher cholinergic activity (bradycardia, AV block, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, fatigue, weight gain, pain)

95
Q

Indomethacin

A

Most potent NSAID

96
Q

What is Lebobunolol’s commercial name?

A

Betagan

97
Q

Verapamil (Isoptin)

A

Class IV anti-arrhythmia; calcium channel blocker; blocks calcium influx in SA/AV node to prevent depolarization

98
Q

Lebobunolol/Betagan

A

Beta blocker; longer lasting than timolol

99
Q

Sulindac (Clinoril)

A

Active metabolite, related to indomethacin with less GI problems

100
Q

Selegiline (Eldepryl)

A

Selective MAO B inhibitor; decreases DA breakdownStill causes hypertensive crisis and other excess dopamine issues

101
Q

BromocriptineRopinirole (Requip)

A

Dopamine agonist; newer and used to treat Parkinson’s

102
Q

Chloral Hydrate

A

Chloral Derivative; metabolzied into trichloroethanol; Very fast acting (chloroform); not as safe as barbiturates for insomnia, causing tolerance/dependenceFast onset with very short duration

103
Q

Benztropine (Cogentin)

A

Antimuscarinic agent; adjunct treatment to Parkinson’s to relieve excess AcH symptoms

104
Q

Heparin

A

Indirect acting Anti-coagulant; must work in the presence and on Anti-Thrombin III; enhances ability to block factor Xa

105
Q

Carteolol/Ocupress

A

Partial agonist (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) good for those that do not want to experience CV effects and want to exercise

106
Q

Warfarin

A

Prototypical vitamin K antagonist; competitive with vitamin K and disrupts coagulation factor synthesis.Active only in vivo

107
Q

Diclofenax

A

NSAID that also decreases free arachidonic acid

108
Q

Hydroxyzine (Atarax)

A

Anti-histamien drug used to treat anti-anxiety; MOA unknown

109
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Anti-histamine found in many OTC agents for treating insomnia

110
Q

Regular insulin preparation, lasts 5-7 hours

A

Humulin or Humalog

111
Q

Ramelteon (Rozeram)

A

Melatonin agonist; in clinical trial for treating insomnia

112
Q

Ticlopidine (Ticlid)

A

Adenosine Receptor Antagonist; Blocks ADP receptors to prevent ADP mitigated platelet

113
Q

Long acting insulin preparation (36 hours)

A

Insulin glargine/Lantus

114
Q

Nortrityline (Pamelor)

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neuronsLeast antimuscarinic activity/toxicity

115
Q

Tolbutamide (Orinase)

A

Sulfonylurea

116
Q

Epoprostenol (Flolan)

A

Prostanoid Receptor Antagonist; binds to prostacyclin binding sites on platelets to prevent aggregation; generally used in pulmonary hypertension

117
Q

Clomipramine

A

Newer Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neurons

118
Q

Nicotinic Acid/Niacin

A

Vitamin B; decreases lipolysis in adipose tissue and increases HDL, lowering cholesterol, TGs, LDL, IDL and VLDL

119
Q

Glyburide (Micronase)

A

Newer generation sulfonylurea

120
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

A

Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor; BLocks NE reuptake and some DA reuptake.Treats depression associated with anxiety as well as nicotine addiction

121
Q

Gemfibriozil (Zopia)

A

Fibric Acid; increases peripheral lipolysis (like clofibrate)

122
Q

Repaglinide (Prandin)

A

Secretagogue, used for short term blood glucose control

123
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil)

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor; inhibit monoamine oxidase from breaking down NE/5-HT to cause similar long term increase in neurotransmission as seen in other antidepressant drugsOff-label use for bulimia

124
Q

Cholestryamine (Questran)

A

Bile acid binding resin; large polymeric molecule that binds to fat molecules in GI tract to prevent their systemic absorption

125
Q

Metformin (Glucophage)

A

Biguanide

126
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

Natural reuptake inhibitor (hyperforin)

127
Q

-statin

A

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor; Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which is responsible for cholesterol synthesis; also increases the enzyme’s presence while breaking down LDLIndicated only in treatment when diet changes fail in lowering cholesterol

128
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos)

A

Thiazolidinedione

129
Q

Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)

A

Gaseous Anaesthetic; Great fast effect and fast offset, minimal hypnosis/muscle relaxation/depressed reflex; catecholamine compatibleLong term use/abuse can cause neuropathy and anemia

130
Q

Halothane

A

Prototypical halgenated hydrocarbon anaesthetic; slow onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; NOT catecholamien compatibleCauses no lung secretions

131
Q

Methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol

A

Used to increase drug viscosity

132
Q

Benzalkonium Chloride

A

A preservative used in drops that is toxic to the eye, disrupts corneal epithelium

133
Q

Thimerosal

A

Drop preservative that developed many allergic reactions, no longer used

134
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic; A1/2 and B1 receptors

135
Q

Epinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic; prototypical

136
Q

Ketamine

A

IV anaesthetic; “dissociative anaesthesia” marked sensory loss and anaestheia; hallucinogenic; blocks NMDA reuptakeLittle deep anaesthesia, used for children for superficial proceduresLess likely to see CV/respiratory toxicity

137
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Anti-epileptic; blocks Na channels and increases membrane threshold; used in adults for tonic/clonic seizures; do not use in children due to causing learning dysfunction; zero-order eliminationDO NOT use in absence seizures (kids)Enzyme inducerCan cause hypersensitivity

138
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

Tricyclic antidepressant used in treating tonic/clonic and partial seizures, especially psychomotorActs by inhibiting NE/5-HT reuptake to cause long term neurotransmission changesDo not use in absence (kids)Also an enzyme inducer

139
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Barbiturate; used in clonic/tonic seizures; enhancing GABA actionRapid withdrawal causing status epilepticus

140
Q

Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

Anti-convulsant; drug of choice for treating absence seizures (kids); Decreased Ca++ influx via t-type calcium channel

141
Q

Brimonidine’s generic name?

A

Alphagan P

142
Q

Brimonidine/Alphagan P

A

HIGHLY selective A2 agonist

143
Q

NaphazolineTetrahydrozolineOxymetazoline

A

OTC sympathomimetics

144
Q

Felbamate (Felbatol)

A

Newer anti-convulsant; used in secondary management of seizure; weak action to decrease Na influxInfrequently causes aplastic anemia, hepatic failure

145
Q

Gapapentin (Neurontin)

A

Newer anti-convulsant used in secondary management of seizures; MOA unknown, suspected to increase GABA synthesisGood for neurotrophic pain

146
Q

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

A

Newer anti-convulsant used in secondary management of seizures; presynaptic decrease of Na influx to decrease NT.Used as an adjunct for tonic/clonic and some absence seizures

147
Q

Daplprazole/Rev-Eyes

A

Adrenergic antagonist

148
Q

What is Propranolol’s commercial name?

A

Timoptic, Timoptic-XE and Timolol

149
Q

Propranolol/Timolol/Timoptic/Timoptic-XE

A

Beta Blocker; Prototypical

150
Q

Memantine (Namenda)

A

NMDA receptor antagonist; prevents excess calcium from entering cells.Used in Alzheimer’s but possibly for other areas being explored

151
Q

Levodopa (with Carbidopa)

A

Precursor to Dopamine synthesis; used to treat Parkinson’s.Most benefit to rigidity and hypokinesiaCan see on-off effect related to long term use.

152
Q

Entacapone

A

Found in combination of entacapone, levodopa, carbidopa to treat Parkinson’s

153
Q

What is Metipranolol’s commercial name?

A

Optipranolol

154
Q

Metipranolol/Optipranolol

A

Beta blocker; Non-selective beta blocker, pretty much like timolol

155
Q

What is betaxolol’s commercial name?

A

Betoptic

156
Q

Betaxolol/Betoptic

A

Selective B1 blocker, less effective than timolol but no pulmonary side effects

157
Q

What is Carteolol’s commercial name?

A

Ocupress

158
Q

What are the combination products for beta blockers?

A

Combigan (brimonidine 0.2% and timolol 0.5%)Cosopt (dorzolamide 2.0% and timolol 0.5%)

159
Q

The generic name of Carbachol is?

A

Carcholin

160
Q

Carbachol/Carcholin

A

Cholinergic agent; choline ester with charge to avoid AChE breakdown; used for glaucoma

161
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Most popular cholinergic agent; great at breaking miosis, treat glaucoma and acute angle closure glaucoma Does not lower aqueous production but increases its outflow. Affected by pigment binding Causes miosis, increasing aqueous outflow and increasing accommodation (lens is also shifted forward) Can get accommodative spasm from CB contraction

162
Q

Ecothiophate’s generic name is?

A

Phospholine

163
Q

Ecothiophate/Phospholine

A

Indirect parasympathomimetic; inhibits AChE; used to diagnose and treat accommodative esotropia

164
Q

Pralidoxime (Protopam 2-PAM)

A

Reactivates AChE and can reverse ecothiophate’s effects

165
Q

Atropine

A

Most powerful of antimuscarinics; greatest cycloplegic/miotic effect for longest duration; tend to use in the younger kids for cycloplegic exams; Contraindicated in Down’s and Glaucoma Can cause increase in IOP (POAG concern) Allergic reaction presents as ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS

166
Q

Homatropine

A

Antimuscarinic; produces a minimal mydriatic/cycloplegic effect; however great at dealing with ciliary spasm and used in inflammatory uveitis but is NOT an anti-inflammatory

167
Q

Scopolamine

A

Antimuscarinic; similar potency to atropine and similar toxicities; Used for patients who need atropine’s potency but are allergic to it

168
Q

Cyclopentolate (Cyclogel)

A

Antimuscarinic; used for cycloplegic exams in 12+ aged patients Contraindicated in Down’s syndrome Can cause increase in IOP (POAG concern) Causes stinging/burning, require LA first to mitigate

169
Q

Tropicamide (Mydriacyl)

A

Antimuscarinic; has the fastest onset of action (mydriasis), still causes cycloplegia though we don’t use it for these effects Side effects rare

170
Q

Physostigmine

A

Antidote to atropine

171
Q

Pirenzepine

A

Antimuscarinic; relatively selective muscarinic (M1) to try and treat myopia

172
Q

Paramyd

A

1% hydroxyamphetamine and 0.25% tropicamide

173
Q

Cyclopmydril

A

1% Phenylephrine and 0.2% cyclopentolate

Pharmacology II (10 decks)

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