All drug names Flashcards
1
Q
Morphine
A
Prototypical Opiate
2
Q
Mannitol
A
Osmotic diuretic; working on proximal tubule; becomes filtered into urea and drags water into urine with itMostly used to maintain acute renal failure
3
Q
Glyerol
A
Osmotic diuretic; freely filtered into urine and increases the volume. Safer and less effective than MannitolHas a caloric value
4
Q
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
A
Prototypical antipsychotic; Dopamine 2 (D2) antagonist, preventing cAMP, ultimating causing phosphatase enzyme to breakdown proteinsMay cause whirl and stellate pigmentation on corneaCan cause photophobia
5
Q
Met. enkephalinLeu. enkephalinBeta-endorphinDynorphin
A
Endogenous opiate-peptides (natural stuff)
6
Q
Acetalzolamide (Diamox)
A
Prototypical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; sulfa drugTaken orally
7
Q
Dorzolamide (Trusopt)
A
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor; topical, used in the eye for IOP.Can be used off label for treatment of acute mountain sickness by causing acidosis (drives respiration which is helpful in elevated climates)
8
Q
Trifluroperazine (Stelazine)
A
Piperazine phenothiazine; Subcategory to chlorpromazine; typical antipsychotic; Very potent antipsychotic with very potent toxicities
9
Q
Clozapine (Clozaril)
A
Prototypical atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 as well and some NMDA action; least likely to cause extra pyramidal effects, and fewer toxicities in general. Can cause agranulocytosis
10
Q
Naltrexone (ReVia)Naloxone (Narcan)-xone
A
Specific opiate receptor antagonistsGood for opioid overdose/unknown severe respiratory depression
11
Q
Oxycodone (Percodan)
A
Opiate; structurally similar to morphineSame efficacy as morphine, ORALLY effective and frequently abused
12
Q
Olanzaine (Zyprexa)
A
Atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 and some NMDA action; can cause prolactin release and weight gain
13
Q
Haloperidol (Haldol)
A
Subcategory of chlorpromazine, very similar to trifluroperazine
14
Q
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
A
Newest atypical antipsychotic; Partial Agonist at D2 receptors and 5-HT, high clinical efficacy with minimal weight gain
15
Q
Codeine
A
Opiate; structurally similar to morphineOrally effective at 1/10th potency when given subcutaneouslyMetabolized into morphine at liver
16
Q
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
A
Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize
17
Q
Diazepam (Valium)
A
Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize
18
Q
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
A
K+ sparring diuretic; directly blocks Na/K exchange in late distal tubule to conserveFew toxicities, but do not use while on potassium supplement
19
Q
Thioridazine (Malleri)
A
Piperidine phenothiazine; Subcategory to chlorpromazine; typical antipsychotic; less potent than other typical antipsychotics but tends to cause great amounts of sedation though with fewer extrapyramidal effectsMay cause retinal pigmentation
20
Q
Detromethorphan
A
Opiate; structurally similar to morphineNon-narcotic anti-tussiveAffects a non-opioid receptorOTC, no dependence
21
Q
Quinidine
A
Class I Anti-arrhythmic; blocks Na channel to hyperpolarize and slow impulses.
22
Q
Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
A
Prototypical thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport
23
Q
Disopyramide (Norpace)
A
Class IA Anti-arrhythmic; Like quinidine, a sodium and some potassium block to slow heart.Metabolized into an active product
24
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan)
A
Benzodiazepine used for treating sleep insomnia and not anxietyHalf-life is about 8-12 hours (short ish for this class)
25
Hydromorphine (Dilaudid)
Opiate5 times the potency of morphine and shorter duration
26
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Selective COX-2 InhibitorLittle GI tract action and little platelet aggregation inhibition
27
Indapamide (Lozol)
Thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport
28
"-barbital" (Secobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital)
Barbiturate; low doses enhance GABA receptor activity like benzodiazepines, higher doses also force open chloride channel
29
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 and some NMDA action; more extrapyramidal effects than clozapine but no agranulocytosis.
30
Acetaminophen (APAP) (N-Acetyl-para-aminophenol)
NSAID
31
Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
Thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport
32
Eszopiclone
Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.Approved for insomnia with short halflife
33
Diltiazam
Class III anti-arrhythmic; calcium channel blocker; not as selective as verapamil and more issues with hypotension
34
Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen (Vicodin)
OpiateOxycodone with an OH groupMOST FREQUENTLY PRESCRIBED DRUG IN THE USA
35
Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)
More potent than ASA
36
Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)
Benzodiazepine; date rape drug
37
Naproxen (Aleve)
NSAID
38
Furosemide (Lasix)
Prototypical loop diuretic; sulfa; blocks Na/Cl/K co-transport in thick ascending loop of Henle, losing the NaCl and K to the urine
39
Gamma Hydroxyl Buturate (GHB)
Precursor for GABA; date rape drugApproved for narcoleptics as Sodium Oxybate
40
Dabigatrin (Pradaxa)
Active thrombin inhibitor; inhibits thrombin (active factor IIa)
41
AspirinMethyl SalicylateDiflunisal
NSAID/Non-opioid analgesics
42
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Selective COX-2 InhibitorLittle GI tract action and little platelet aggregation inhibition
43
Aspirin
NSAID; but is a really, really good anti-platelet drug; affects COX-1 and COX-2 and disrupts prostaglandinsClassic toxicity is GI upset/ulcer
44
Bumetanid (Bumex)
Prototypical loop diuretic; sulfa; blocks Na/Cl/K co-transport in thick ascending loop of Henle, losing the NaCl and K to the urine
45
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Anti-coagulant drug; Inhibits cAMP breakdown by inhibiting phosphodiesterase to decrease ADP to decrease platelet aggregation
46
Intermediate lasting insulin preparation lasting 18-24 hours
Humulin N or Novolin N
47
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neuronsMost antimuscarinic activity/toxicity
48
Acetaminophen (APAP) (N-Acetyl-para-aminophenol)
NSAID
49
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Adenosine Receptor Antagonist; Blocks ADP receptors to prevent ADP mitigated platelet; newer than Ticlid
50
Spirolactone (Aldactone)
K+ sparring diuretic; blocks aldosterone action to prevent Na/K exchange in late distal tubule to conserve.
51
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Newer generation sulfonylurea
52
Fluoxetine (Prozac)Sertraline (Zoloft)Paroxetine (Paxil)Citalopram (Celexa)Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Blocks 5-HT reuptake, causes more sertonergic transmission in long term.Less antiarrythmic and antimuscarinic effects compared to tricyclics but much higher incidence of NVD (nausea/vomiting/diarrhea)Fatal interactions with MAOIs
53
Indomethacin
Most potent NSAID
54
Clofibrate (Atomodi)
Prototypical Fibric Acid derivative; Increases lipoprotein lipase action to breakdown VLDL, and inhibits its release while increasing TG entry into peripheral tissue
55
Glimepiride (Ammaryl)
Newer generation sulfonylurea
56
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Monoamine Receptor Antagonists; block A2 receptors and increasing NE/5-HT release.
57
Fenofibrate (Tricor)
Fibric acid derivative; increases peripheral lipolysis (like clofibrate)
58
Oxazepam (Serax)
Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarizeNot metabolized to active compound, half life is 50 hoursLeast likely to cause paradoxical reaction
59
Sulindac (Clinoril)
Active metabolite, related to indomethacin with less GI problems
60
Nateglinide (Starlix)
Secretagogues; used for short term blood glucose control
61
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Atypical antidepressant; MOA unclear, seems to be enhancing neurotransmissionLower risk of antimuscarinic effects compared to TCAs
62
Colestipol (Colestid)
Bile acid binding resin; large polymeric molecule that binds to fat molecules in GI tract to prevent their systemic absorption
63
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Thiazolidinedione
64
Alprazolam
Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarizeHalf life is 6-20 hours
65
Lithium
Inhibits NE release while increasing 5-HT release. Stabilizes mood by altering second messenger systems (inhibition of inositol phosphate pathway)Specificly used as an anti-manic drug, takes a week or two to get full effect.More toxic than other antidepressants and requires monitoring.
66
Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)
More potent than ASA
67
Ezetimibe (Zetia, Vytorin)
Intestinal Sterol Absorption Inhibitor; selective inhibitor of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) transport molecule used for cholesterol absorption from GI tract
68
GLP-1 receptor agonists
Liraglutide and Exenatide
69
Busipirone (Buspar)
Non-benzodiazepine antianxiety agent; works downstream from GABA receptors by acting as a partial agonist at 5HT receptorsTakes days for full effect to develop but good for chronic treatment of anxiety, no additive effect with other CNS substances and no withdrawal effects
70
Isoflurane
Gaseous anaesthetic; med onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; catecholamien compatibleSafer and newer than halothaneSomewhat pungent odor
71
Naproxen (Aleve)
NSAID
72
Sevoflurane
Newer gaseous anaesthetic; med onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; catecholamien compatibleEven less pulmonary irritation than other classes
73
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Class IB anti-arrhythmic; blocks active and inactive sodium channels rapidly and highly effective at treating ventricular fibrillationAlso used for ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial infarctContraindicated in epilepsy and liver disease
74
Thiopental
IV anaesthetic; enhances GABA action "truth serum"; NO ANALGESIA, no muscle relaxationVery rapid onset Very lipid soluble and accumulates in fatUsed for inducing analgesia not maintain itCan cause CV and profound respiratory depression
75
Propofol (Diprivan)
IV anaesthetic; may prevent GABA reuptake; Very rapid onset and very potent effects (depression of CV and respiratory); also affects fetus; short half life and can be used to maintain anaethesia
76
Diclofenax
NSAID that also decreases free arachidonic acid
77
Phenylephrine's Generic name is?
Neo-synephrine
78
Flecainide (Tambocor)
Class IC anti-arrhythmic; maximal depression of phase 0, extremely powerful sodium channel blocker
79
Phenylephrine/Neo-synephrine
Adrenergic agent; A1 agonist
80
Tameazepam (Restoril)
Benzodiazepine that is used to treat insomnia and not anxiety; metabolzied into oxazepam
81
Apracolindine's generic name is?
Oopidine
82
Apracolindine/Oopidine
Selective A2 agonist
83
Propranolol (-olol)
Beta blocker (Class II); blocks adrenergic (beta) activity, especially good at treating arrhythmia due to excess sympathetic tone
84
Valproic Acid (Depakane)
Anti-convulsant often used for mixed presentation seizures; decreases Na influx, prolong inactivation channel, block T-type Ca channel, block NMDA receptor and increase GABA synthesis and inhibit breakdown (minor)
85
AspirinMethyl SalicylateDiflunisal
NSAID/Non-opioid analgesics
86
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Anti-convulsant; good for absence and myoclonic seizure; enhance GABA and some T-type Ca action;Tolerance can form against anti-convulsant action, and rapid withdrawal can precipitate seizure
87
Sotalol
Class II with some potassium blocking
88
Cocaine
Indirect NE release, adrenergic actionCan be used to debrade corneal epitheliumHighly controlled
89
Zolpidem
Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.Approved for insomnia with short halflife
90
What is Daplprazole's commercial name?
Rev-Eyes
91
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Class III anti arrhythmia; increases duration of action potentialUsed in cases of severe resistant arrhythmia
92
Diazapam (Valium)
Benzodiazepine; can be used to treat STATUS EPILECTICUS
93
Zaleplon
Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.Approved for insomnia with short halflife
94
Tacrine (Cognex)Donepexil (Aricept)Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Anticholinesterase agents for treating Alzheimer'sToxicities relate to higher cholinergic activity (bradycardia, AV block, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, fatigue, weight gain, pain)
95
Indomethacin
Most potent NSAID
96
What is Lebobunolol's commercial name?
Betagan
97
Verapamil (Isoptin)
Class IV anti-arrhythmia; calcium channel blocker; blocks calcium influx in SA/AV node to prevent depolarization
98
Lebobunolol/Betagan
Beta blocker; longer lasting than timolol
99
Sulindac (Clinoril)
Active metabolite, related to indomethacin with less GI problems
100
Selegiline (Eldepryl)
Selective MAO B inhibitor; decreases DA breakdownStill causes hypertensive crisis and other excess dopamine issues
101
BromocriptineRopinirole (Requip)
Dopamine agonist; newer and used to treat Parkinson's
102
Chloral Hydrate
Chloral Derivative; metabolzied into trichloroethanol; Very fast acting (chloroform); not as safe as barbiturates for insomnia, causing tolerance/dependenceFast onset with very short duration
103
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Antimuscarinic agent; adjunct treatment to Parkinson's to relieve excess AcH symptoms
104
Heparin
Indirect acting Anti-coagulant; must work in the presence and on Anti-Thrombin III; enhances ability to block factor Xa
105
Carteolol/Ocupress
Partial agonist (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) good for those that do not want to experience CV effects and want to exercise
106
Warfarin
Prototypical vitamin K antagonist; competitive with vitamin K and disrupts coagulation factor synthesis.Active only in vivo
107
Diclofenax
NSAID that also decreases free arachidonic acid
108
Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
Anti-histamien drug used to treat anti-anxiety; MOA unknown
109
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Anti-histamine found in many OTC agents for treating insomnia
110
Regular insulin preparation, lasts 5-7 hours
Humulin or Humalog
111
Ramelteon (Rozeram)
Melatonin agonist; in clinical trial for treating insomnia
112
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Adenosine Receptor Antagonist; Blocks ADP receptors to prevent ADP mitigated platelet
113
Long acting insulin preparation (36 hours)
Insulin glargine/Lantus
114
Nortrityline (Pamelor)
Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neuronsLeast antimuscarinic activity/toxicity
115
Tolbutamide (Orinase)
Sulfonylurea
116
Epoprostenol (Flolan)
Prostanoid Receptor Antagonist; binds to prostacyclin binding sites on platelets to prevent aggregation; generally used in pulmonary hypertension
117
Clomipramine
Newer Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neurons
118
Nicotinic Acid/Niacin
Vitamin B; decreases lipolysis in adipose tissue and increases HDL, lowering cholesterol, TGs, LDL, IDL and VLDL
119
Glyburide (Micronase)
Newer generation sulfonylurea
120
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor; BLocks NE reuptake and some DA reuptake.Treats depression associated with anxiety as well as nicotine addiction
121
Gemfibriozil (Zopia)
Fibric Acid; increases peripheral lipolysis (like clofibrate)
122
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Secretagogue, used for short term blood glucose control
123
Phenelzine (Nardil)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor; inhibit monoamine oxidase from breaking down NE/5-HT to cause similar long term increase in neurotransmission as seen in other antidepressant drugsOff-label use for bulimia
124
Cholestryamine (Questran)
Bile acid binding resin; large polymeric molecule that binds to fat molecules in GI tract to prevent their systemic absorption
125
Metformin (Glucophage)
Biguanide
126
St. John's Wort
Natural reuptake inhibitor (hyperforin)
127
-statin
HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor; Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which is responsible for cholesterol synthesis; also increases the enzyme's presence while breaking down LDLIndicated only in treatment when diet changes fail in lowering cholesterol
128
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Thiazolidinedione
129
Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)
Gaseous Anaesthetic; Great fast effect and fast offset, minimal hypnosis/muscle relaxation/depressed reflex; catecholamine compatibleLong term use/abuse can cause neuropathy and anemia
130
Halothane
Prototypical halgenated hydrocarbon anaesthetic; slow onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; NOT catecholamien compatibleCauses no lung secretions
131
Methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol
Used to increase drug viscosity
132
Benzalkonium Chloride
A preservative used in drops that is toxic to the eye, disrupts corneal epithelium
133
Thimerosal
Drop preservative that developed many allergic reactions, no longer used
134
Norepinephrine
Sympathomimetic; A1/2 and B1 receptors
135
Epinephrine
Sympathomimetic; prototypical
136
Ketamine
IV anaesthetic; "dissociative anaesthesia" marked sensory loss and anaestheia; hallucinogenic; blocks NMDA reuptakeLittle deep anaesthesia, used for children for superficial proceduresLess likely to see CV/respiratory toxicity
137
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anti-epileptic; blocks Na channels and increases membrane threshold; used in adults for tonic/clonic seizures; do not use in children due to causing learning dysfunction; zero-order eliminationDO NOT use in absence seizures (kids)Enzyme inducerCan cause hypersensitivity
138
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Tricyclic antidepressant used in treating tonic/clonic and partial seizures, especially psychomotorActs by inhibiting NE/5-HT reuptake to cause long term neurotransmission changesDo not use in absence (kids)Also an enzyme inducer
139
Phenobarbital
Barbiturate; used in clonic/tonic seizures; enhancing GABA actionRapid withdrawal causing status epilepticus
140
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Anti-convulsant; drug of choice for treating absence seizures (kids); Decreased Ca++ influx via t-type calcium channel
141
Brimonidine's generic name?
Alphagan P
142
Brimonidine/Alphagan P
HIGHLY selective A2 agonist
143
NaphazolineTetrahydrozolineOxymetazoline
OTC sympathomimetics
144
Felbamate (Felbatol)
Newer anti-convulsant; used in secondary management of seizure; weak action to decrease Na influxInfrequently causes aplastic anemia, hepatic failure
145
Gapapentin (Neurontin)
Newer anti-convulsant used in secondary management of seizures; MOA unknown, suspected to increase GABA synthesisGood for neurotrophic pain
146
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Newer anti-convulsant used in secondary management of seizures; presynaptic decrease of Na influx to decrease NT.Used as an adjunct for tonic/clonic and some absence seizures
147
Daplprazole/Rev-Eyes
Adrenergic antagonist
148
What is Propranolol's commercial name?
Timoptic, Timoptic-XE and Timolol
149
Propranolol/Timolol/Timoptic/Timoptic-XE
Beta Blocker; Prototypical
150
Memantine (Namenda)
NMDA receptor antagonist; prevents excess calcium from entering cells.Used in Alzheimer's but possibly for other areas being explored
151
Levodopa (with Carbidopa)
Precursor to Dopamine synthesis; used to treat Parkinson's.Most benefit to rigidity and hypokinesiaCan see on-off effect related to long term use.
152
Entacapone
Found in combination of entacapone, levodopa, carbidopa to treat Parkinson's
153
What is Metipranolol's commercial name?
Optipranolol
154
Metipranolol/Optipranolol
Beta blocker; Non-selective beta blocker, pretty much like timolol
155
What is betaxolol's commercial name?
Betoptic
156
Betaxolol/Betoptic
Selective B1 blocker, less effective than timolol but no pulmonary side effects
157
What is Carteolol's commercial name?
Ocupress
158
What are the combination products for beta blockers?
Combigan (brimonidine 0.2% and timolol 0.5%)Cosopt (dorzolamide 2.0% and timolol 0.5%)
159
The generic name of Carbachol is?
Carcholin
160
Carbachol/Carcholin
Cholinergic agent; choline ester with charge to avoid AChE breakdown; used for glaucoma
161
Pilocarpine
Most popular cholinergic agent; great at breaking miosis, treat glaucoma and acute angle closure glaucoma Does not lower aqueous production but increases its outflow. Affected by pigment binding Causes miosis, increasing aqueous outflow and increasing accommodation (lens is also shifted forward) Can get accommodative spasm from CB contraction
162
Ecothiophate's generic name is?
Phospholine
163
Ecothiophate/Phospholine
Indirect parasympathomimetic; inhibits AChE; used to diagnose and treat accommodative esotropia
164
Pralidoxime (Protopam 2-PAM)
Reactivates AChE and can reverse ecothiophate's effects
165
Atropine
Most powerful of antimuscarinics; greatest cycloplegic/miotic effect for longest duration; tend to use in the younger kids for cycloplegic exams; Contraindicated in Down's and Glaucoma Can cause increase in IOP (POAG concern) Allergic reaction presents as ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
166
Homatropine
Antimuscarinic; produces a minimal mydriatic/cycloplegic effect; however great at dealing with ciliary spasm and used in inflammatory uveitis but is NOT an anti-inflammatory
167
Scopolamine
Antimuscarinic; similar potency to atropine and similar toxicities; Used for patients who need atropine's potency but are allergic to it
168
Cyclopentolate (Cyclogel)
Antimuscarinic; used for cycloplegic exams in 12+ aged patients Contraindicated in Down's syndrome Can cause increase in IOP (POAG concern) Causes stinging/burning, require LA first to mitigate
169
Tropicamide (Mydriacyl)
Antimuscarinic; has the fastest onset of action (mydriasis), still causes cycloplegia though we don't use it for these effects Side effects rare
170
Physostigmine
Antidote to atropine
171
Pirenzepine
Antimuscarinic; relatively selective muscarinic (M1) to try and treat myopia
172
Paramyd
1% hydroxyamphetamine and 0.25% tropicamide
173
Cyclopmydril
1% Phenylephrine and 0.2% cyclopentolate
