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Pharmacology II > Drug Names (Anti-psychotic and anathestics) > Flashcards

Drug Names (Anti-psychotic and anathestics) Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A

Prototypical antipsychotic; Dopamine 2 (D2) antagonist, preventing cAMP, ultimating causing phosphatase enzyme to breakdown proteins
May cause whirl and stellate pigmentation on cornea
Can cause photophobia

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2
Q

Trifluroperazine (Stelazine)

A

Piperazine phenothiazine; Subcategory to chlorpromazine; typical antipsychotic; Very potent antipsychotic with very potent toxicities

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3
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Subcategory of chlorpromazine, very similar to trifluroperazine

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4
Q

Thioridazine (Malleri)

A

Piperidine phenothiazine; Subcategory to chlorpromazine; typical antipsychotic; less potent than other typical antipsychotics but tends to cause great amounts of sedation though with fewer extrapyramidal effects
May cause retinal pigmentation

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5
Q

Clozapine (Clozaril)

A

Prototypical atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 as well and some NMDA action; least likely to cause extra pyramidal effects, and fewer toxicities in general.
Can cause agranulocytosis

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6
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal)

A

Atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 and some NMDA action; more extrapyramidal effects than clozapine but no agranulocytosis.

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7
Q

Olanzaine (Zyprexa)

A

Atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 and some NMDA action; can cause prolactin release and weight gain

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8
Q

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

A

Newest atypical antipsychotic; Partial Agonist at D2 receptors and 5-HT, high clinical efficacy with minimal weight gain

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9
Q

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize

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10
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize

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11
Q

Oxazepam (Serax)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize
Not metabolized to active compound, half life is 50 hours
Least likely to cause paradoxical reaction

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12
Q

Alprazolam

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize
Half life is 6-20 hours

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13
Q

Busipirone (Buspar)

A

Non-benzodiazepine antianxiety agent; works downstream from GABA receptors by acting as a partial agonist at 5HT receptors
Takes days for full effect to develop but good for chronic treatment of anxiety, no additive effect with other CNS substances and no withdrawal effects

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14
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepine used for treating sleep insomnia and not anxiety
Half-life is about 8-12 hours (short ish for this class)

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15
Q

Tameazepam (Restoril)

A

Benzodiazepine that is used to treat insomnia and not anxiety; metabolzied into oxazepam

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16
Q

“-barbital” (Secobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital)

A

Barbiturate; low doses enhance GABA receptor activity like benzodiazepines, higher doses also force open chloride channel

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17
Q

Zolpidem

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.
Approved for insomnia with short halflife

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18
Q

Zaleplon

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.
Approved for insomnia with short halflife

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19
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.
Approved for insomnia with short halflife

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20
Q

Chloral Hydrate

A

Chloral Derivative; metabolzied into trichloroethanol; Very fast acting (chloroform); not as safe as barbiturates for insomnia, causing tolerance/dependence
Fast onset with very short duration

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21
Q

Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)

A

Benzodiazepine; date rape drug

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22
Q

Gamma Hydroxyl Buturate (GHB)

A

Precursor for GABA; date rape drug

Approved for narcoleptics as Sodium Oxybate

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23
Q

Hydroxyzine (Atarax)

A

Anti-histamien drug used to treat anti-anxiety; MOA unknown

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24
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Anti-histamine found in many OTC agents for treating insomnia

25
Ramelteon (Rozeram)
Melatonin agonist; in clinical trial for treating insomnia
26
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neurons Most antimuscarinic activity/toxicity
27
Nortrityline (Pamelor)
Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neurons Least antimuscarinic activity/toxicity
28
Clomipramine
Newer Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neurons
29
``` Fluoxetine (Prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (Paxil) Citalopram (Celexa) Escitalopram (Lexapro) ```
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Blocks 5-HT reuptake, causes more sertonergic transmission in long term. Less antiarrythmic and antimuscarinic effects compared to tricyclics but much higher incidence of NVD (nausea/vomiting/diarrhea) Fatal interactions with MAOIs
30
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor; BLocks NE reuptake and some DA reuptake. Treats depression associated with anxiety as well as nicotine addiction
31
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Monoamine Receptor Antagonists; block A2 receptors and increasing NE/5-HT release.
32
Phenelzine (Nardil)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor; inhibit monoamine oxidase from breaking down NE/5-HT to cause similar long term increase in neurotransmission as seen in other antidepressant drugs Off-label use for bulimia
33
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Atypical antidepressant; MOA unclear, seems to be enhancing neurotransmission Lower risk of antimuscarinic effects compared to TCAs
34
St. John's Wort
Natural reuptake inhibitor (hyperforin)
35
Lithium
Inhibits NE release while increasing 5-HT release. Stabilizes mood by altering second messenger systems (inhibition of inositol phosphate pathway) Specificly used as an anti-manic drug, takes a week or two to get full effect. More toxic than other antidepressants and requires monitoring.
36
Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)
Gaseous Anaesthetic; Great fast effect and fast offset, minimal hypnosis/muscle relaxation/depressed reflex; catecholamine compatible Long term use/abuse can cause neuropathy and anemia
37
Halothane
Prototypical halgenated hydrocarbon anaesthetic; slow onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; NOT catecholamien compatible Causes no lung secretions
38
Isoflurane
Gaseous anaesthetic; med onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; catecholamien compatible Safer and newer than halothane Somewhat pungent odor
39
Sevoflurane
Newer gaseous anaesthetic; med onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; catecholamien compatible Even less pulmonary irritation than other classes
40
Thiopental
IV anaesthetic; enhances GABA action "truth serum"; NO ANALGESIA, no muscle relaxation Very rapid onset Very lipid soluble and accumulates in fat Used for inducing analgesia not maintain it Can cause CV and profound respiratory depression
41
Propofol (Diprivan)
IV anaesthetic; may prevent GABA reuptake; Very rapid onset and very potent effects (depression of CV and respiratory); also affects fetus; short half life and can be used to maintain anaethesia
42
Ketamine
IV anaesthetic; "dissociative anaesthesia" marked sensory loss and anaestheia; hallucinogenic; blocks NMDA reuptake Little deep anaesthesia, used for children for superficial procedures Less likely to see CV/respiratory toxicity
43
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anti-epileptic; blocks Na channels and increases membrane threshold; used in adults for tonic/clonic seizures; do not use in children due to causing learning dysfunction; zero-order elimination DO NOT use in absence seizures (kids) Enzyme inducer Can cause hypersensitivity
44
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Tricyclic antidepressant used in treating tonic/clonic and partial seizures, especially psychomotor Acts by inhibiting NE/5-HT reuptake to cause long term neurotransmission changes Do not use in absence (kids) Also an enzyme inducer
45
Phenobarbital
Barbiturate; used in clonic/tonic seizures; enhancing GABA action Rapid withdrawal causing status epilepticus
46
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Anti-convulsant; drug of choice for treating absence seizures (kids); Decreased Ca++ influx via t-type calcium channel
47
Valproic Acid (Depakane)
Anti-convulsant often used for mixed presentation seizures; decreases Na influx, prolong inactivation channel, block T-type Ca channel, block NMDA receptor and increase GABA synthesis and inhibit breakdown (minor)
48
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Anti-convulsant; good for absence and myoclonic seizure; enhance GABA and some T-type Ca action; Tolerance can form against anti-convulsant action, and rapid withdrawal can precipitate seizure
49
Felbamate (Felbatol)
Newer anti-convulsant; used in secondary management of seizure; weak action to decrease Na influx Infrequently causes aplastic anemia, hepatic failure
50
Gapapentin (Neurontin)
Newer anti-convulsant used in secondary management of seizures; MOA unknown, suspected to increase GABA synthesis Good for neurotrophic pain
51
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Newer anti-convulsant used in secondary management of seizures; presynaptic decrease of Na influx to decrease NT. Used as an adjunct for tonic/clonic and some absence seizures
52
Diazapam (Valium)
Benzodiazepine; can be used to treat STATUS EPILECTICUS
53
Tacrine (Cognex) Donepexil (Aricept) Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Anticholinesterase agents for treating Alzheimer's Toxicities relate to higher cholinergic activity (bradycardia, AV block, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, fatigue, weight gain, pain)
54
Memantine (Namenda)
NMDA receptor antagonist; prevents excess calcium from entering cells. Used in Alzheimer's but possibly for other areas being explored
55
Levodopa (with Carbidopa)
Precursor to Dopamine synthesis; used to treat Parkinson's. Most benefit to rigidity and hypokinesia Can see on-off effect related to long term use.
56
Entacapone
Found in combination of entacapone, levodopa, carbidopa to treat Parkinson's
57
Selegiline (Eldepryl)
Selective MAO B inhibitor; decreases DA breakdown | Still causes hypertensive crisis and other excess dopamine issues
58
Bromocriptine | Ropinirole (Requip)
Dopamine agonist; newer and used to treat Parkinson's
59
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Antimuscarinic agent; adjunct treatment to Parkinson's to relieve excess AcH symptoms

Pharmacology II (10 decks)

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