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Pharmacology II > Drug Names (Anti-psychotic and anathestics) > Flashcards

Drug Names (Anti-psychotic and anathestics) Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A

Prototypical antipsychotic; Dopamine 2 (D2) antagonist, preventing cAMP, ultimating causing phosphatase enzyme to breakdown proteins
May cause whirl and stellate pigmentation on cornea
Can cause photophobia

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2
Q

Trifluroperazine (Stelazine)

A

Piperazine phenothiazine; Subcategory to chlorpromazine; typical antipsychotic; Very potent antipsychotic with very potent toxicities

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3
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Subcategory of chlorpromazine, very similar to trifluroperazine

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4
Q

Thioridazine (Malleri)

A

Piperidine phenothiazine; Subcategory to chlorpromazine; typical antipsychotic; less potent than other typical antipsychotics but tends to cause great amounts of sedation though with fewer extrapyramidal effects
May cause retinal pigmentation

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5
Q

Clozapine (Clozaril)

A

Prototypical atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 as well and some NMDA action; least likely to cause extra pyramidal effects, and fewer toxicities in general.
Can cause agranulocytosis

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6
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal)

A

Atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 and some NMDA action; more extrapyramidal effects than clozapine but no agranulocytosis.

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7
Q

Olanzaine (Zyprexa)

A

Atypical antipsychotic; blocking D2 receptors, possibly D4 and some NMDA action; can cause prolactin release and weight gain

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8
Q

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

A

Newest atypical antipsychotic; Partial Agonist at D2 receptors and 5-HT, high clinical efficacy with minimal weight gain

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9
Q

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize

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10
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize

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11
Q

Oxazepam (Serax)

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize
Not metabolized to active compound, half life is 50 hours
Least likely to cause paradoxical reaction

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12
Q

Alprazolam

A

Benzodiazepine; works at GABA receptors to enhance activity, ultimately allowing Chl- into cell to hyperpolarize
Half life is 6-20 hours

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13
Q

Busipirone (Buspar)

A

Non-benzodiazepine antianxiety agent; works downstream from GABA receptors by acting as a partial agonist at 5HT receptors
Takes days for full effect to develop but good for chronic treatment of anxiety, no additive effect with other CNS substances and no withdrawal effects

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14
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepine used for treating sleep insomnia and not anxiety
Half-life is about 8-12 hours (short ish for this class)

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15
Q

Tameazepam (Restoril)

A

Benzodiazepine that is used to treat insomnia and not anxiety; metabolzied into oxazepam

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16
Q

“-barbital” (Secobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital)

A

Barbiturate; low doses enhance GABA receptor activity like benzodiazepines, higher doses also force open chloride channel

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17
Q

Zolpidem

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.
Approved for insomnia with short halflife

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18
Q

Zaleplon

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.
Approved for insomnia with short halflife

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19
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Nonbenzodiazepane with benzodiazepine like action; more sedative effect with less antianxiety/anticonvulsive effects; selective for GABA(A) receptor complex and not just the GABA receptor.
Approved for insomnia with short halflife

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20
Q

Chloral Hydrate

A

Chloral Derivative; metabolzied into trichloroethanol; Very fast acting (chloroform); not as safe as barbiturates for insomnia, causing tolerance/dependence
Fast onset with very short duration

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21
Q

Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)

A

Benzodiazepine; date rape drug

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22
Q

Gamma Hydroxyl Buturate (GHB)

A

Precursor for GABA; date rape drug

Approved for narcoleptics as Sodium Oxybate

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23
Q

Hydroxyzine (Atarax)

A

Anti-histamien drug used to treat anti-anxiety; MOA unknown

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24
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Anti-histamine found in many OTC agents for treating insomnia

25
Q

Ramelteon (Rozeram)

A

Melatonin agonist; in clinical trial for treating insomnia

26
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neurons
Most antimuscarinic activity/toxicity

27
Q

Nortrityline (Pamelor)

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neurons
Least antimuscarinic activity/toxicity

28
Q

Clomipramine

A

Newer Tricyclic Antidepressant; very slow onset (2-3 weeks); inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake causing increased neurotransmissions at affected neurons

29
Q 
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Citalopram (Celexa)
Escitalopram (Lexapro)
A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Blocks 5-HT reuptake, causes more sertonergic transmission in long term.
Less antiarrythmic and antimuscarinic effects compared to tricyclics but much higher incidence of NVD (nausea/vomiting/diarrhea)
Fatal interactions with MAOIs

30
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

A

Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor; BLocks NE reuptake and some DA reuptake.
Treats depression associated with anxiety as well as nicotine addiction

31
Q

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

A

Monoamine Receptor Antagonists; block A2 receptors and increasing NE/5-HT release.

32
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil)

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor; inhibit monoamine oxidase from breaking down NE/5-HT to cause similar long term increase in neurotransmission as seen in other antidepressant drugs
Off-label use for bulimia

33
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

A

Atypical antidepressant; MOA unclear, seems to be enhancing neurotransmission
Lower risk of antimuscarinic effects compared to TCAs

34
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

Natural reuptake inhibitor (hyperforin)

35
Q

Lithium

A

Inhibits NE release while increasing 5-HT release. Stabilizes mood by altering second messenger systems (inhibition of inositol phosphate pathway)
Specificly used as an anti-manic drug, takes a week or two to get full effect.
More toxic than other antidepressants and requires monitoring.

36
Q

Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas)

A

Gaseous Anaesthetic; Great fast effect and fast offset, minimal hypnosis/muscle relaxation/depressed reflex; catecholamine compatible
Long term use/abuse can cause neuropathy and anemia

37
Q

Halothane

A

Prototypical halgenated hydrocarbon anaesthetic; slow onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; NOT catecholamien compatible
Causes no lung secretions

38
Q

Isoflurane

A

Gaseous anaesthetic; med onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; catecholamien compatible
Safer and newer than halothane
Somewhat pungent odor

39
Q

Sevoflurane

A

Newer gaseous anaesthetic; med onset, great hypnosis and depressed reflex with minimal muscle relaxation; catecholamien compatible
Even less pulmonary irritation than other classes

40
Q

Thiopental

A

IV anaesthetic; enhances GABA action “truth serum”; NO ANALGESIA, no muscle relaxation
Very rapid onset Very lipid soluble and accumulates in fat
Used for inducing analgesia not maintain it
Can cause CV and profound respiratory depression

41
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A

IV anaesthetic; may prevent GABA reuptake; Very rapid onset and very potent effects (depression of CV and respiratory); also affects fetus; short half life and can be used to maintain anaethesia

42
Q

Ketamine

A

IV anaesthetic; “dissociative anaesthesia” marked sensory loss and anaestheia; hallucinogenic; blocks NMDA reuptake
Little deep anaesthesia, used for children for superficial procedures
Less likely to see CV/respiratory toxicity

43
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Anti-epileptic; blocks Na channels and increases membrane threshold; used in adults for tonic/clonic seizures; do not use in children due to causing learning dysfunction; zero-order elimination
DO NOT use in absence seizures (kids)
Enzyme inducer
Can cause hypersensitivity

44
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

Tricyclic antidepressant used in treating tonic/clonic and partial seizures, especially psychomotor
Acts by inhibiting NE/5-HT reuptake to cause long term neurotransmission changes
Do not use in absence (kids)
Also an enzyme inducer

45
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Barbiturate; used in clonic/tonic seizures; enhancing GABA action
Rapid withdrawal causing status epilepticus

46
Q

Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

Anti-convulsant; drug of choice for treating absence seizures (kids); Decreased Ca++ influx via t-type calcium channel

47
Q

Valproic Acid (Depakane)

A

Anti-convulsant often used for mixed presentation seizures; decreases Na influx, prolong inactivation channel, block T-type Ca channel, block NMDA receptor and increase GABA synthesis and inhibit breakdown (minor)

48
Q

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

A

Anti-convulsant; good for absence and myoclonic seizure; enhance GABA and some T-type Ca action;
Tolerance can form against anti-convulsant action, and rapid withdrawal can precipitate seizure

49
Q

Felbamate (Felbatol)

A

Newer anti-convulsant; used in secondary management of seizure; weak action to decrease Na influx
Infrequently causes aplastic anemia, hepatic failure

50
Q

Gapapentin (Neurontin)

A

Newer anti-convulsant used in secondary management of seizures; MOA unknown, suspected to increase GABA synthesis
Good for neurotrophic pain

51
Q

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

A

Newer anti-convulsant used in secondary management of seizures; presynaptic decrease of Na influx to decrease NT.
Used as an adjunct for tonic/clonic and some absence seizures

52
Q

Diazapam (Valium)

A

Benzodiazepine; can be used to treat STATUS EPILECTICUS

53
Q

Tacrine (Cognex)
Donepexil (Aricept)
Rivastigmine (Exelon)

A

Anticholinesterase agents for treating Alzheimer’s
Toxicities relate to higher cholinergic activity (bradycardia, AV block, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, fatigue, weight gain, pain)

54
Q

Memantine (Namenda)

A

NMDA receptor antagonist; prevents excess calcium from entering cells.
Used in Alzheimer’s but possibly for other areas being explored

55
Q

Levodopa (with Carbidopa)

A

Precursor to Dopamine synthesis; used to treat Parkinson’s.
Most benefit to rigidity and hypokinesia
Can see on-off effect related to long term use.

56
Q

Entacapone

A

Found in combination of entacapone, levodopa, carbidopa to treat Parkinson’s

57
Q

Selegiline (Eldepryl)

A

Selective MAO B inhibitor; decreases DA breakdown

Still causes hypertensive crisis and other excess dopamine issues

58
Q

Bromocriptine

Ropinirole (Requip)

A

Dopamine agonist; newer and used to treat Parkinson’s

59
Q

Benztropine (Cogentin)

A

Antimuscarinic agent; adjunct treatment to Parkinson’s to relieve excess AcH symptoms

Pharmacology II (10 decks)

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