Drug Names and Classifications (Diureticss, Anti-platelets)

Question 1

Mannitol

Answer 1

Osmotic diuretic; working on proximal tubule; becomes filtered into urea and drags water into urine with it

Mostly used to maintain acute renal failure

Question 2

Glyerol

Answer 2

Osmotic diuretic; freely filtered into urine and increases the volume.
Safer and less effective than Mannitol
Has a caloric value

Question 3

Acetalzolamide (Diamox)

Answer 3

Prototypical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; sulfa drug

Taken orally

Question 4

Dorzolamide (Trusopt)

Answer 4

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor; topical, used in the eye for IOP.
Can be used off label for treatment of acute mountain sickness by causing acidosis (drives respiration which is helpful in elevated climates)

Question 5

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

Answer 5

Prototypical thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport

Question 6

Indapamide (Lozol)

Answer 6

Thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport

Question 7

Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)

Answer 7

Thiazide drug; sulfa drug; distal tubule, blocking sodium/chloride symport

Question 8

Furosemide (Lasix)

Answer 8

Prototypical loop diuretic; sulfa; blocks Na/Cl/K co-transport in thick ascending loop of Henle, losing the NaCl and K to the urine

Question 9

Bumetanid (Bumex)

Answer 9

Prototypical loop diuretic; sulfa; blocks Na/Cl/K co-transport in thick ascending loop of Henle, losing the NaCl and K to the urine

Question 10

Spirolactone (Aldactone)

Answer 10

K+ sparring diuretic; blocks aldosterone action to prevent Na/K exchange in late distal tubule to conserve.

Question 11

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Answer 11

K+ sparring diuretic; directly blocks Na/K exchange in late distal tubule to conserve
Few toxicities, but do not use while on potassium supplement

Question 12

Quinidine

Answer 12

Class I Anti-arrhythmic; blocks Na channel to hyperpolarize and slow impulses.

Question 13

Disopyramide (Norpace)

Answer 13

Class IA Anti-arrhythmic; Like quinidine, a sodium and some potassium block to slow heart.
Metabolized into an active product

Question 14

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Answer 14

Class IB anti-arrhythmic; blocks active and inactive sodium channels rapidly and highly effective at treating ventricular fibrillation
Also used for ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial infarct
Contraindicated in epilepsy and liver disease

Question 15

Flecainide (Tambocor)

Answer 15

Class IC anti-arrhythmic; maximal depression of phase 0, extremely powerful sodium channel blocker

Question 16

Propranolol (-olol)

Answer 16

Beta blocker (Class II); blocks adrenergic (beta) activity, especially good at treating arrhythmia due to excess sympathetic tone

Question 17

Sotalol

Answer 17

Class II with some potassium blocking

Question 18

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Answer 18

Class III anti arrhythmia; increases duration of action potential
Used in cases of severe resistant arrhythmia

Question 19

Verapamil (Isoptin)

Answer 19

Class IV anti-arrhythmia; calcium channel blocker; blocks calcium influx in SA/AV node to prevent depolarization

Question 20

Diltiazam

Answer 20

Class III anti-arrhythmic; calcium channel blocker; not as selective as verapamil and more issues with hypotension

Question 21

Heparin

Answer 21

Indirect acting Anti-coagulant; must work in the presence and on Anti-Thrombin III; enhances ability to block factor Xa

Question 22

Warfarin

Answer 22

Prototypical vitamin K antagonist; competitive with vitamin K and disrupts coagulation factor synthesis.
Active only in vivo

Question 23

Dabigatrin (Pradaxa)

Answer 23

Active thrombin inhibitor; inhibits thrombin (active factor IIa)

Question 24

Aspirin

Answer 24

NSAID; but is a really, really good anti-platelet drug; affects COX-1 and COX-2 and disrupts prostaglandins
Classic toxicity is GI upset/ulcer

Question 25

Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Answer 25

Anti-coagulant drug; Inhibits cAMP breakdown by inhibiting phosphodiesterase to decrease ADP to decrease platelet aggregation

Question 26

Ticlopidine (Ticlid)

Answer 26

Adenosine Receptor Antagonist; Blocks ADP receptors to prevent ADP mitigated platelet

Question 27

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Answer 27

Adenosine Receptor Antagonist; Blocks ADP receptors to prevent ADP mitigated platelet; newer than Ticlid

Question 28

Epoprostenol (Flolan)

Answer 28

Prostanoid Receptor Antagonist; binds to prostacyclin binding sites on platelets to prevent aggregation; generally used in pulmonary hypertension

Question 29

Nicotinic Acid/Niacin

Answer 29

Vitamin B; decreases lipolysis in adipose tissue and increases HDL, lowering cholesterol, TGs, LDL, IDL and VLDL

Question 30

Clofibrate (Atomodi)

Answer 30

Prototypical Fibric Acid derivative; Increases lipoprotein lipase action to breakdown VLDL, and inhibits its release while increasing TG entry into peripheral tissue

Question 31

Gemfibriozil (Zopia)

Answer 31

Fibric Acid; increases peripheral lipolysis (like clofibrate)

Question 32

Fenofibrate (Tricor)

Answer 32

Fibric acid derivative; increases peripheral lipolysis (like clofibrate)

Question 33

Cholestryamine (Questran)

Answer 33

Bile acid binding resin; large polymeric molecule that binds to fat molecules in GI tract to prevent their systemic absorption

Question 34

Colestipol (Colestid)

Answer 34

Bile acid binding resin; large polymeric molecule that binds to fat molecules in GI tract to prevent their systemic absorption

Question 35

-statin

Answer 35

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor; Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which is responsible for cholesterol synthesis; also increases the enzyme’s presence while breaking down LDL
Indicated only in treatment when diet changes fail in lowering cholesterol

Question 36

Ezetimibe (Zetia, Vytorin)

Answer 36

Intestinal Sterol Absorption Inhibitor; selective inhibitor of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) transport molecule used for cholesterol absorption from GI tract