Drug Mechanisms

Question 1

Antibiotic(s) that inhibits DNA replication by inhibiting folic acid synthesis

Answer 1

trimethoprim

Sulfamethoxazle

Question 2

Antibiotic(s) that inhibit penicillanase and ultimately peptidoglycan cross linking in bacterial cell walls

Answer 2

Bacteriocidal

b-lactams
PCN
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Aztreonam

Question 3

Antibiotic(s) that inhibit peptidoglycan syntheses (D-ala-D-ala) in bacterial cell walls

Answer 3

Bacteriocidal

Vancomycin

Question 4

Antibiotic(s) that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30 S ribosomal subunit

Answer 4

“Buy AT 30”
Aminoglycosides : gentamicin, neomycin, tobramycin

Tetracycles: tetracycline, doxycycline

Question 5

Antibiotic(s) that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

Answer 5

“CCEL at 50”

Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin (Macrolide: azithromycin, clarithromycin)
Linezolid

Question 6

Antibiotic(s) that inhibit topoisomerase II and IV (DNA gyrase) to inhibit DNA replication

Answer 6

Bacterocidal

Fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin

Question 7

Permanently inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 blocking conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2 inhibiting platelet aggregation

Answer 7

aspirin

Question 8

Bind GPIIb/IIIa on platelet surface preventing cross linking of platelets with fibrinogen

Answer 8

GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors

Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban

Question 9

Inhibit ADP receptor on platelets decreasing activation of GPIIb/IIIa inhibiting platelet aggregation

Answer 9

ADP receptor blockers

Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine
Ticagrelor
Prasugrel

Question 10

Antiplatelet drug classes

Answer 10

Aspirin
GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors
ADP receptor blockers

Question 11

activate antithrombin enhancing inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa reducing thrombus formation

Answer 11

Heparin
LMWH: enoxaparin, Dalteparin

LMWH has more Xa inactivation than thrombin

Question 12

Indirect Xa inhibitor that activates antithrombin enhancing inactivation of factor Xa (not thrombin) reducing thrombus formation

Answer 12

Fondaparinux

Question 13

Direct Xa inhibitor that inactivates factor Xa reducing thrombus formation

Answer 13

Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban

Question 14

Direct thrombin inhibitor that inactive thrombin reducing thrombus formation

Answer 14

Bivalirudin
Argatroban
Dabigatran

Question 15

Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase impairing production of factors X, IX, VII, II and reducing thrombus formation

Answer 15

Warfarin

Question 16

Thrombolytics that convert plasminogen to plasmin, cleaving fibrin clots

Answer 16

Alteplase
Reteplase
Tenectaplase

Question 17

Antiarrhythmic classes

Answer 17

“No Bad Boy Keeps Clean”

I: Na+ channel blockers
II: Beta blockers
III: K+ channel blocker (amiodarone)
IV: Ca2+ channel blocker (diltiazem, verapamil)

Question 18

Sodium channel blockers

Answer 18

“Double Quarter Pounder, Mayo, Lettuce, Tomato, Fries Please”

IA: Disopyramide, quinidine, procainamide - lengthen AP (shift right)
IB: Mexiletine, Lidocaine, tocainide - shorten AP (shift left)
IC: Flecainide, propafenone - no AP duration change

Question 19

Rapid acting B2 agonists

Answer 19

albuterol

levalbuterol

Question 20

Long acting B2 agonists

Answer 20

salmeterol
formeterol
sustained release albuterol

Question 21

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 21

beclomethasone
flunisolide
budesonide
fluticasone

Question 22

Leukotriene inhibitors

Answer 22

montelukast
zilueton
zafirlukast

Question 23

Mast cell stabilizers

Answer 23

cromolyn

nedocromil

Question 24

Anticholinergic agents in asthma

Answer 24

ipratropium, tiotropium

Question 25

Systemic steroids used in asthma

Answer 25

Methylprednisolone, prednisone