Drug List 1-5 Flashcards
1
Q
Ibuprofen trade name
A
Motrin Advil
2
Q
Naproxen trade name
A
Aleve Naprosyn
3
Q
Indomethacin trade name
A
Indocin
4
Q
Celecoxib trade name
A
Celebrex
5
Q
Meloxicam trade name
A
Mobic
6
Q
Diclofenac trade name
A
Voltaren
7
Q
Trolamine salicylate trade name
A
Aspercreme
8
Q
NSAID medications
A
Ibuprofen Naproxen Indomethacin Aspirin Celecoxib Meloxicam Diclofenac Trolamine salicylate
9
Q
NSAID indications
A
analgesia antipyretic anti-inflammatory
10
Q
Aspirin indications
A
analgesia antipyretic anti-inflammatory antithrombotic
11
Q
NSAID MOA
A
reversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes to decrease prostaglandin formation
12
Q
how is Aspirin’s MOA different from other NSAIDS?
A
it irreversibly binds to COX enzymes, other NSAIDs reversibly bind
13
Q
general NSAID’s AE
A
GI N/V dyspepsia ulcers GI bleeding increased BP nephrotoxicity CV risk
14
Q
Rare Aspirin AE
A
skin rash photosensitivity bronchospams Raye Syndrome in Children
15
Q
NSAIDs common routes
A
PO topical IM IV
16
Q
Aspirin common routes
A
PO rectal
17
Q
Opioid drugs
A
Codeine Hydrocodone Hydrocodone w/acetaminophen Morphine Oxycodone Oxycodone w/acetminophen Fentanyl Hydromorphone Meperidine Tramadol
18
Q
Hydrocodone w/acetaminophen trade name
A
Vicodin
19
Q
Morphine trade name
A
MS Contin
20
Q
Oxycoden trade name
A
Oxycotin
21
Q
Oxycodone w/acetaminophen trade name
A
Percocet
22
Q
Fentanyl trade name
A
Duragesic
23
Q
Hydromorphone trade name
A
Dilaudid
24
Q
Meperidine trade name
A
Dermerol
25
what opioid can be perscribed as an antitussive?
codeine
26
Opioid Indication
analgesia
27
Opioid common routes
PO rectal IV topical subcutaneous intrathecal intranasal transmucosa epidural
28
Opioid MOA
bind to opioid receptors in the CNS to inhibit ascending pain pathways
29
Opioid AE CNS effects
sedation nausea respiratory depression cough suppression miosis truncal rigidity
30
Opioid Peripheral AE
constipation urinary retention bronchospasms reduced GI motility pruitis
31
Acetaminophen trade name
Tylenol
32
Acetaminophen Indications
analgesia antipyretic combo with NSAID to reduce NSAID dose
33
Acetaminophen Common routes
PO IV rectal
34
Acetaminophen MOA
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS
35
Acetaminophen AE
hepatotoxicity (esp w/alcohol)
36
Corticosteroids Drug List
Cortisone, Prednisone, Methylprednisolone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Betamethasone
37
Corticosteroids Indication
RA, anti-inflammatory
38
Corticosteroids Common routes
PO, IV, intra-articular, topical
39
Corticosteroids MOA
decrease inflammation and suppress immune system
40
Short term corticosteroid AE
inc blood glucose, mood changes, fluid retention
41
Long term Corticosteroids AE
osteoporosis/ increased fracture risk, thin skin, muscle wasting, poor wound healing, adrenal suppression, Cushing's disease, increased risk of infection from immunosuppression
42
brand name Gabapentin
Neurontin
43
Gabapentin indication
neuropathic pain
44
Gabapentin drug class
GABA analog, anticonvulsant
45
Gabapentin common route
PO
46
Gabapentin MOA
bind to alpha 2-delta subunit of a calcium channel to block its effects
47
Gabapentin AE
dizziness, drowsiness
48
Azathioprine drug class
immunosuppresant
49
Azathioprine indication
SLE
50
Azathioprine common routes
PO, injectible
51
Azathioprine MOA
decreases the immune response so the body doesn't attack itself
52
Azathioprine AE
N/V
53
Hyaluronate trade name
Synvisc, Gel-One, Orthovisc
54
Hyaluronate indication
OA
55
Hyaluronate common route
injection
56
Hyaluronate MOA
viscoelastic solution to provide joint lubrication
57
Hyaluronate AE
injection site pain, swelling, rash
58
Lidocaine drug class
anesthetics
59
propofol drug class
anesthetics
60
anesthetic drugs
lidocaine, propofol
61
anasthetic drugs indications
patient controlled analgesia
62
general anasthetic common routes
IV, inhalation
63
regional anasthetic common routes
intrathecal, epidural, inflitration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, IV, regional block
64
local anasthetic common routes
injection, topical
65
which antibiotic classes inhibit cell walls?
Penecillins, Cephalosporins Glycopeptides
66
which antibiotic classes inhibit protein synthesis?
Aminoglycides Tetracyclines Macrolides
67
which antibiotic classes inhibit DNA/RNA?
Fluoroquinolones, Nitroimidazole Antifolates
68
what pre/suffixes are associated with antibiotics that inhibit cell wall?
-cillin, ceph-, -vancin
69
what pre/suffixes are associated with antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis?
-mycin -micin -cyclin
70
what pre/suffixes are associated with antibiotics that inhibit DNA/RNA?
-floxacin -idazole Sulfa-
71
Penecillins, Cephalosporins Glycopeptides
which antibiotic classes inhibit cell walls?
72
Aminoglycides Tetracyclines Macrolides
which antibiotic classes inhibit protein synthesis?
73
Fluoroguinolones, Nitroimidazole Antifolates
which antibiotic classes inhibit DNA/RNA?
74
-allin ceph- -vancin
what pre/suffixes are associated with antibiotics that inhibit cell wall?
75
-mycin -micin -cyclin
what pre/suffixes are associated with antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis?
76
-floxacin -idazole Sulfa-
what pre/suffixes are associated with antibiotics that inhibit DNA/RNA?
77
which antibiotic drug classes are gram +/-
Penecillins,
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Antifolates
78
C-diff infection is treated using what antibiotic?
metronidazole
vancomycin
79
what antibiotic is used to treat respiratory infection?
macrolides
80
what antibiotic is used to treat community based pnemonia?
fluoroquinolones
81
what antibiotics are used to treat MRSA and Staph infections?
Linozolid
82
AE of antifolates
steven-johnson syndrome
allergies
83
AE of fluoroquinolones
Tendon rupure
hypoglycemia
84
AE of Penecillins
Allergies, GI distress
85
AE of cephalosporins
GI hypersentivity
86
AE of aminoglycides
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
photosensitivity
87
Macrolides AE
N/V/D
drug/drug interactions
88
AE Glycopeptides
hypotension (fall risk)
nephrotoxicity
redman syndrome
89
which antiobiotics can be administered as eye drops (opthalmic)?
Aminoglycocides
Fluoroquinolones
Macrolides
90
Nitroimidazole AE
GI
metallic taste
nausea
headache
91
which antiobiotics can rarely cause peripheral neuropathy?
Nitroimadzaole
92
How would aminoglycocides increase fall risk?
affects vestibular function (ototoxicity
93
potential AE of Linozolid
serotonin syndrome
thrombocytopenia
94
PT specific pertaining to TB trx
CN VIII damage - increases fall risk
95
tetracycline AE
GI distress, photosensitivity
96
what broad AE should you be concerned about concerning antibiotics?
GI distress (specifically diarrhea)
97
basic pathophysiology of cancer
uncontrolled cell growth
98
causes of cancer
1). extrinsic: carcinogens 2). Intrinsic: genetic mutations/DNA sequences, viral agents, chronic irritation, genetic predisposition, oncogenes
99
General stages of cell lifecycle
G0: cell at rest G1: Pre-DNA S: DNA synthesis G2: pre-mitosis Mitosis
100
cell-cycle-specific (CCS) agents do what?
target specific phase of cell cycle
101
what are CCS agents more effective on?
rapidly dividing tumors
102
dose frequency of CCS agents
continuous infusion or frequent doses
103
cell-cycle nonspecific (CCN) agents do what?
target the cell during it's entire life cycle (including G0)
104
What areas of the body are primarily adversely affected by chemotherapy?
bone marrow, GI, buccal mucosa, reproductive organs, hair follicles
105
what are CCN agents more effective on?
slow large growing tumors
106
dose frequency/timing of CCN agents
intermittently dose to reduce toxicities
107
what is Nadir?
10-28 days when WBC is at it's lowest, no trx given here
108
what stage of the cell life cycle is chemotherapy not effective?
G0: cell at rest
109
primary treatment (cure) for cancer
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, biotherapy
110
when is adjuvant therapy used?
after primary trx
111
when is neoadjuvant therapy used?
before primary trx
112
goals/stages of treatment
cure, control palliative
113
what is palliative care?
decrease tumor burden, improve QOL, relieve pain
114
Types of cancer trx
radiation, surgery, pharmacotherapy,
115
what is used to treat almost every solid tumor?
radiation
116
Radiation trx AE
1). significant damage to all tissues 2). can result in fibrosis of lungs (location dependent) 3). fatigue
117
PT concerns for radiation
fatigue, location of tissue damage
118
Cancer trx used to maximize tumor eradication
surgery
119
PT considerations for surgery trx
wound complications, lymphedema, general post-op concerns
120
what are the 3 types of pharmacotherapy?
1). chemotherapy 2). targeted therapy 3). immunotherapy
121
chemotherapy
drugs that inhibit growth and replication of cancer cells
122
targeted therapy
blocks genes/proteins, specific genetic mutations
123
immunotherapy
hormones and drugs that use the immune system to trx cancer
124
majority of immunotherapy drugs utilize what?
antibodies that end in -mab, interferon, interleukins (non-specific immunotherapy)
125
what cancer AE should we be most concerned with?
1). thrombocytopena 2). neutropenia 3). peripheral neuropathy 4). pain 5). infection 6). mouth/throat
126
special precautions for oral chemotherapy
wear gloves when touching laundry or bodily fluids (specific to the oral med)
127
suffix associated with most antiviral drugs
-vir
128
AE influenza A & B
N/V/D, fever (the flu)
129
which forms of Hepatitis do not have a vaccine?
C, D, E
130
T/F: hepatitis D and E are common in the US
False
131
how is hepatitis B treated?
1). Interferon (weekly injection) 2). Nucleoside/Nucleotide analog (better, PO)
132
AE of Interferon
flu-like symptoms
133
common AE for DAAs
fatigue, weakness, headache, nausea
134
PT concern with DAAs + corticosteroids
Bradycardia
135
what does HIV target?
immune system -\> CD4 T cells
136
result of HIV progression?
decreased CD4 count leading to AIDS
137
how is HIV treated?
HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment)
138
what is HAART?
combo therapy to increase efficacy and decrease resistance
139
patient specific factor in successful management of HIV
ADHERENCE
140
MOA of antivirals
target different points in lifecycle
141
Rehab concerns specific to HIV
1). opportunistic infections 2). Neuromuscular problems (myopathy, peripheral neuropathy) 3). pt trx include pain management
142
types of fungal infections
1). superficial 2). systemic
143
patients at risk for fungal infections
immunosuppression, antibacterial, diabetics, burn victims
144
\*antifungal drugs basic MOA
alter cell membrane permeability
145
2 antifungal classes
1). polyenes, 2). azoles
146
which antifungal drug class is broad spectrum
azoles
147
PD implications of azoles
common CYP interactions
148
which antifungals commonly have DDI?
Azoles
149
Polyene drugs
Nystatin, Amphotericin B
150
Nystatin AE
N/V/D, cramps (PO), rash, urticaria (topical)
151
Azole drugs
Fluconazole, ketoconazole
152
Azole drugs AE
N/V, photophobia, cardiac arrhythmia, menstrual irregularities,
153
primary concern with antifungals
liver damage, elevated serum transaminase kidney damage
154
What are the types of vaccines?
1). inactivated 2). subunit/conjugated 3). attenuated 4). toxoid
155
what is in an inactivated vaccine?
killed pathogen
156
what is in a conjugated vaccine?
piece of the pathogen
157
what is in a live attenuated vaccine?
weakened pathogen
158
what is in a toxoid vaccine?
pathogen toxin instead of actual pathogen
159
which vaccine is good for life?
life attenuated
160
which vaccine should be avoided in immunocompromised populations?
life attenuated
161
areas of virus lifecycle that a virus can impact
1). going into and out of cell (binding/budding) 2). movement in cell (uncoating) 3). replication (translation/transcription/assembly)
162
what is used to treat Hepatitis C?
DAA
163
What is a therapeutic concern when treating a patient with hepatitis C?
bradycardia
164
for an acute infection of of Hepatitis A what is recommended?
rest, hyrdate, antipyretic drugs, AVOID acetaminophen, typically takes 2-6 months to recover
165
name all the categories of antiviral drugs
antiherpes, anti-influenza, antihepatitis, miscellanis
