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Pharmacology > Drug Interactions > Flashcards

Drug Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

Drug interactions

A

one drug affects the response of the second drug given at the same time

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetic interactions

A

occur during absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination. - Tetracycline &Iron, Tetracycline and Calcium, Furosemide and Magnesium hydroxide

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3
Q

Pharmacodynamic iterations - synergism

A

2 drugs act in the same direction, adm. together

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4
Q

Pharmacodynamic interactions - addition synergism

A

total effect is sum of effects of each considered separately - Aspirin and paracetamol

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5
Q

PD Int - enhancing synergism

A

total effect greater than sum of effects of each separately - direct: same direction but diff mech of action - Penicillin and Kanamycin,
-indirect:L one drug suppresses antagonist action of the other - sympatholytics with insulin (hypoglycemia)

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6
Q

Antagonism

A

opposing actions, one drug will be abolished by second drug : chemical (neutralizing like aspirin and sodium bicarbonate), physiologic (different receptors and effects cancelled, sympathetics &parasymp), pharmacologic (antagonist stops agonist from acting on receptors)

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7
Q

Drug interactions can be

A

increased effect, decreased effect, desired consequences, adverse effect(toxic)

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8
Q

Drug related adverse affect factors

A

physical and chemical char., dose, route, pharmacokinetic

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9
Q

Patient related adverse effect factors

A

age, gender, genetics, physiologic, pathologic

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10
Q

Toxic reactions

A

dose related, direct action of drugs upon tissues

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11
Q

Hepatotoxicity

A

Paracetamol, isoniazid, halftone, rifampicin, amphotericin B

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12
Q

Renal toxicity

A

Furosemide, phenacetin, aminoglycosides

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13
Q

Medular toxicity

A

cytostatic, Chloramphenicol

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14
Q

Teratogenic reactions

A

adm in 1st 3 months pregnancy: anticancer, aminoglycosides, oral anticoagulants, androgen/estrogen, Phenitoines

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15
Q

Mutagenic

A

changes in genotype and phenotype (after many gen), anticancer, Metronidazole, anti epileptics, neuroleptics

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16
Q

Carcinogenic

A

aminophenazone, cimetidin

17
Q

Idiosyncratic adverse events

A

not dose related, occur because of genetic predisposition, abnormal response of body: decrease in g6p and high risk of severe hemolysis after Nitrofurantoine, Furazolidone, Doxorubicine, Nalidixic acid, Phenacetin.

18
Q

Immunoallergic adverse events

A

are not dose related

19
Q

Type I (anaphylactoid)

A

immediate, coupling of antigen to IGE from surface of mastocytes and basophilic cells causing release of histamine, kinine, leukotriene, prostaglandin, most severe is anaphylactic shock

20
Q

type II (cytotoxic)

A

reaction between antibody between IGG and IGM Andy cells that are antigenic because of fixing of drug, result in blood cell lysis

21
Q

Type II examples

A

hemolytic anemia (penicillins, rifampicin), granulocytopenia(aminophenazone), thrombocytopenia (quinidine, sulfamides, thiazidine, diuretics)

22
Q

Type III (immune complex)

A

complex between antigen and IGG and IGM will be fixed on small vessels or basal membranes, causing inflammatory reactions

23
Q

Type III examples

A

serum sickness (sulfonamides, penicillins, antiepileptics, antithyroidians), quince edema, rash (aspirin, penicillins), vascularitis, polymorphorphic edema, Steven Johnson erythema

24
Q

Type IV (cell mediated)

A

delayed reaction, sensitized T cells release lymphokines producing inflammation and edema

25
Q

Type IV example

A

contact dermatitis after local ads of neomycin or kanamycin

26
Q

Tolerance type adverse effects

A

Tachyphylaxis, mitridiasm, dependence

27
Q

Tachiphylaxis (acute tolerance)

A

decrease effect of intensity, suddenly after repeated administrations, because of chemical mediator depletion or prolonged receptor blockage :sympathomimetics

28
Q

Mitridatism

A

organism tolerates doses that otherwise induces nociceptive effects after first admin. : atropine, arsenic, nicotine

29
Q

Dependence (tolerance by repeated admin.)

A

psychological, physical, tolerance, psychotoxicity

30
Q

Psychological dependence

A

psychological need to use a drug in order to obtain an affective effect

31
Q

Physical dependence

A

need to continue admin to prevent symptoms (abstinence syndrome):anxiety, apathy, insomnia, anorexia, nausea vomit, diarrhea, sweating, lacrimtion, diffuse pain, CV rest, blood pr osc

32
Q

Tolerance

A

progressive diminution of effect after repeated admin, necessity to increase dose to obtain desired effect

33
Q

Psychotoxicity

A

morphine, heroin, cocaine, opium, LSD

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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