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Pharmacology > Adrenergic Drugs > Flashcards

Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Direct acting - Non-selective

A

Adrenaline (a1a2b1b2), Noradrenaline (a1a2b1), isoprenaline (b1b2)

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2
Q

Direct selective -a1

A

phenylephrine, methoxamine, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline

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3
Q

direct selective a2

A

clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine, methyldopa

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4
Q

direct selective b1

A

dopamine, dobutamine, salbutamol

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5
Q

direct selective b2

A

salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline, formoterol, fenoterol, metaproterenol, clebuterol

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6
Q

Mixed acting

A

a1a2b1b2 releasing: ephedrine

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7
Q

Indirect acting releasing agents

A

Amphetamine, tyramine

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8
Q

Indirect acting uptake inhibitor

A

cocaine

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9
Q

Indirect acting MAO/ COMT inhibitor

A

pargyline, entacapone

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10
Q

Noradrenaline action

A

equipotent to Epinephrine (adr) on B1, less potent on alpha, little effect on B2

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11
Q

Noradrenaline pharmacodynamics

A

similar to epinephrine, especially on arterioles and small veins VC and TPR increase, increase SBP and DBP, compensatory vagal reflex slows heart rate, cardiac output decrease, CBF increase

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12
Q

Noradrenaline indications

A

serious acute hypotensive (vascular collapse, systolic <50

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13
Q

Noradrenaline adverse effects

A

anorexia, palpitations, headaches, HBP

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14
Q

Dopamine mechanism

A

direct catecholamine, acts on adrenergic and dopaminergic D1, D2, D3

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15
Q

Dopamine pharmacodynamics

A

Positive inotropism (activates B1, increased myocardial contractility, increased cardiac output), increase SBP little effect DBP, low doses enhance GFR, RBF, increase plasma Cl

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16
Q

Dopamine indications

A

shock (in patients with oliguria, low diuresis - cariogenic, traumatic, hypovolemic) , acute pulmonary edema, chronic refractory congestive heart failure

17
Q

Dopamine SE

A

tachycardia, arrhythmia, angina

18
Q

Dobutamine mechanism

A

direct B1 agonist, no dopaminergic receptors

19
Q

Dobutamine pharmacodynamics

A

strong positive inotropic, limited increase in HR (medium chronotropic), increase CO and CBF

20
Q

Dobutamine indications

A

congestive HF (after MI), chronic congestive HF

21
Q

Dobutamine SE

A

arrhythmia (ventricular ectopy), increased ventricular rate in AFib, angina

22
Q

Ephedrine mechanism

A

mixed, indirectly by releasing NE in sympathetic ends, directly by acting on a and B

23
Q

Ephedrine pharmacodynamics

A

Similar to epinephrine & NE, lasts longer and not destroyed by MAO, high SBP and DBP by cardiac stimulation and VC

24
Q

Ephedrine indications

A

hypotension, rhinitis (decongestant), bronchial asthma (not often due to tachyphylaxis)

25
Q

Sympatholytic Alpha blockers - Synthetic Nonselective (a1 and a2)

A

phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, tolazoline

26
Q

Symp. Alpha blockers - Synthetic selective (a1)

A

doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin

27
Q

Symp Alpha blockers Natural ergot alkaloids ANTIMIGRAIN

A

ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, methysergide

28
Q

Symp Alpha blockers Natural ergot alkaloids ANTIISCHEMIA

A

ergotoxine, dihydroergotoxine

29
Q

Symp Alpha blockers Natural ergot alkaloids UTERINE CONTRACTION STIMULANTS

A

nicergoline, ergometrine, methylergometrine

30
Q

Ergotamine mechanisms

A

glomerular a blocker after high doses; a adrenergic drug after low doses (therapeutic)

31
Q

Ergotamine pharmacodynamics

A

antimigraine, weak increase in uterine tone

32
Q

Ergotamine therapeutic uses

A

Migraine, vascular cause headaches

33
Q

Ergotoxine pharmacodynamics

A

VD by eliminating spasms, increases CBF, retinal BF, muscular BF, if sympathetic tone is increased in VW: bradycardia

34
Q

Ergotoxine indications

A

Chronic treatment in : cerebral atherosclerosis, ischemic cerebral, retinal circulation, vestibular; Raynaud, obliterating arteriopathies (low efficiency)

35
Q

Ergometrine pharmacodynamics

A

Stimulates tone, frequency, amplitude of uterine contraction, hemostatic uterine action closing venous sinuses in myometrium

36
Q

Ergometrine indications

A

prophylaxis and treatment of postpartum and post- abortum bleedings, lochie retention

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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