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BCPS > Drug Information > Flashcards

Drug Information Flashcards

1
Q

Primary literature

A

Original research, theories, ideas, opinions

Want it to be peer reviewed published in scientific journal – caution if it has not been peer reviewed

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2
Q

Beall’s List

A

list of predatory publishers that do not perform rigorous peer review

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3
Q

clinicaltrials.gov

A

secondary resource published by NIH showing publicly and privately funded clinical trials

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4
Q

Cochrane library

A

secondary resource published by John Wiley & Sons that contain systematic reviews, clinical trial registry, and cochrane clinical answers

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5
Q

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)

A

secondary resource published by ESCBO that contains >1000 medical journals

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6
Q

Embase

A

secondary resource published under Elsevier that contains MEDLINE journals – may publish journals faster than MEDLINE

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7
Q

google scholar

A

secondary resource published by google containing scholarly material, organized by # of citations

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8
Q

GuidelineCentral

A

secondary resource with >1000 clinical practice guidelines

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9
Q

International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA)

A

secondary resource with >800 peer-reviewed journals with relevance to pharmacy practice

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10
Q

LexisNexis (Nexis Uni)

A

secondary resource with >60,000 legal, news, and public record sources for current events

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11
Q

MEDLINE

A

secondary resource published by NLM with >5000 peer-reviewed journals

Most relevant secondary resource for pharmacists

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12
Q

Trip database

A

secondary resource with all RCTs and systematic reviews from MEDLINE
searchable by PICOS terms

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13
Q

tertiary resources

A

provides convenient information that has been synthesized and summarized from primary literature

ex: textbook, electronic drug/medical databases, clinical practice guidelines, systematic review articles

tertiary should be first step in systematic search for drug information

systematic reviews w/ meta-analysis may be considered primary if they yield new results

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14
Q

American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information

A

tertiary resource published by ASHP- high level of detail for clinical evidence; avail on Lexicomp

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15
Q

Clinical Pharmacology

A

tertiary resource published by Elsevier that contains monographs, pt education in english & spanish, beers criteria, ISMP, searchable by adverse reaction

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16
Q

DailyMed

A

tertiary resource published by NLM with package inserts, links to clinical trials

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17
Q

DrugBank

A

tertiary resource that focuses on medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, PK, pharmacogenomics

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18
Q

Facts & Comparisons

A

tertiary resource best for community pharmacy practice
review of natural products

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19
Q

Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs

A

tertiary resource published by APhA that is an overview of OTCs

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20
Q

Index Nominum

A

tertiary resource providing clinical & nomenclature info for meds; avail thru micromedex

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21
Q

lexicomp

A

tertiary resource with a variety of sub-databases; has pt info handouts based on literacy level; avail thru uptodate

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22
Q

Mardindale

A

tertiary resource that provides monographs on >6000 meds with some international drugs, diagnostics, supplements, veterinary; avail on micromedex, lexicomp

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23
Q

Micromedex

A

tertiary resource known for coverage of off-label uses ; includes Red Book for pricing information

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24
Q

PDR and Prescribers’ Digital Reference

A

tertiary resource with FDA-approved prescribing info. special print editions for herbals, OTCs, ophthalmics, supplements

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25
Q

Drugs@FDA

A

tertiary resource with comprehensive FDA-approved information, safety information (recalls), Orange Book (therapeutic equivalence) and Purple Book (biologics)

26
Q

USP Dictionary of US Adopted Names and International Drug Names

A

tertiary resource published by USP with info on chemical, generic, proprietary names and chemical info, like structure & weight

27
Q

Tertiary Resources for Adverse Effects & Reactions

A

FAERS
VAERS
FDAble
Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs
Side Effects of Drugs Annual
Clin-Alert
Drug-Induced Diseases

28
Q

Tertiary Resources for Compounding

A

Handbook of Injectable Drugs
King Guide to Parenteral Admixtures
Trissel’s Stability of Compounded Formulations
Extemporaneous Formulations for Pediatric, Geriatric, and Special Needs Patients
Extended Stability for Parenteral Drugs

29
Q

Tertiary Resources for Dietary Supplements

A

Dietary Supplement Label Database
Natural Medicines

30
Q

Tertiary Resources for Interactions

A

The Top 100 Drug Interactions
Stockley’s Drug Interactions

31
Q

Tertiary Resources for Medical Information

A

UpToDate
DynaMed

32
Q

Tertiary Resources for Pharmacogenomics

A

Pharmacogenmoics sub-database in Lexicomp
PharmGKB

33
Q

Tertiary Resource for Pregnancy and Lactation

A

Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation
LactMed
Catalog of Teratogenic Agents
Medications and Mothers’ Milk

34
Q

Harriet Lane Handbook

A

tertiary resource for pediatrics

35
Q

Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseaes

A

tertiary resource for standards of care managing infectious disease in peds patients

36
Q

Tertiary Resource for Toxicology

A

Goldfranks’ Toxicology Emergencies
TOXNET
LiverTox

37
Q

Tertiary Resource for Veterniary products

A

Compendium of Veterinary Products
Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics

38
Q

Descriptive Research Design

A

Shares anecdotal experiences. Lacks formal evidence, but hypotesis-generating

Case report (single pt), case series (multiple patients)

39
Q

Observational Study Design

A

Evidence with formally planned method but NOT experimental

Cross-sectional (prevalence), case-control (outcome of interest), cohort (risk factor of interest)

Cohorts gold standard for pharmcoepidemiology

40
Q

Interventional Study Design

A

Evidence with formal, preplanned method and with an intervention

Noncontrolled trials, interrupted time series, non-equivalent control groups, and RCT (gold standard)

41
Q

Noncontrolled trials

A

Interventional Study Design
Involves single group of patients who all receive intervention of interest
Can use if placebo unethical

ex: pts in ICU not responding to dexamethasone were treated with preplanned protocol of cyclosporine + favipiravir for covid

42
Q

Interrupted Time Series

A

Interventional Study Design
Most commonly used when investigators seek to implement a practice change & want to compare it with previous conditions

“Quasi-randomized”

43
Q

Non-equivalent control group

A

Interventional Study Design
“quasi-randomized” AKA cluster randomized trial

Patients placed into groups based on location (hospital, clinic) or self-select into one group (selection bias)

44
Q

PICOS

A

P: patient, population, problem
I: intervention or interest
C: comparator or control
O: outcomes
S: setting or study design

Creates search terms for secondary sources like PubMed

45
Q

Boolean terms

A

used if more than 1 MeSH term used

AND = both terms
OR = either term
NOT = indexed to first term, not second term (caution use)

Using more than 2-3 terms can make it overly specific. If <100 articles result, use a filter instead of more terms.

46
Q

PubMed automatic term mapping

A

key words that are searched are automatically mapped to see if entry term detected – can increase sensitivity, however may decrease specificity

assumes AND

47
Q

AIDET

A

tool to introduce yourself to patient, caregiver, provider

A: Acknowledge
I: Introduce
D: Duration
E: Explanation
T: Thank you

48
Q

Preferred communication style

A

assertive

not passive, passive-aggressive, aggressive

49
Q

Proxemics

A

nonverbal communication addressing physical distance between people

50
Q

Chronemics

A

nonverbal communication addressing use of time

51
Q

Oculesics

A

nonverbal communication addressing use of eye contact

52
Q

Haptics

A

nonverbal communication addressing use of touch

53
Q

Kinesics

A

nonverbal communication addressing use of body movements

54
Q

Objectics

A

nonverbal communication addressing use of objects (clothing, lab jacket, pt materials)

55
Q

Vocalics

A

nonverbal communication addressing use of vocal tone/pitch

56
Q

SCHOLAR-MAC

A

took to assess patient’s problem and symptoms

Symptoms
Characteristics
History
Onset
Location
Aggravating factors
Remitting factors
Medications
Allergies
Conditions

57
Q

BATHE

A

Procedure to use when dealing with a patient’s problems if there is an emotional component

Background
Affect
Trouble
Handling
Empathy

58
Q

Literacy performance levels

A

Below basic (1) (may have trouble matching information or identifying #s to use in math problems)
Basic (2): solve routine math problems, make simple inferences
Intermediate (3): summarize text, interpret instructions from OTC drug labels
Proficient (4): highest level, could calculate based on mg/kg

59
Q

Health literacy screening tools

A

Research studies:
REALM
SAHLSA-50 (spanish/english)
TOFHLA (english/spanish)

Clinical assessments:
NVS (english/spanish)
SILS
SAHL-S&E (english/spanish)

60
Q

Adherence Estimator

A

prospective assessment to determine the likelihood that patient will adhere to newly prescribed medication

single med

61
Q

Morisky questionnaire

A

prospective assessment to measure adherence

multiple medications , available in several languages

BCPS (40 decks)

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