Drug in renal diseases

Question 1

Most common pathogen of UTI

Answer 1

E.coli

Question 2

Acute renal failure requires ______ treatment

Answer 2

immediate

Question 3

Most frequent cause of acute renal failure

Answer 3

renal hypoperfusion

Question 4

Site of action of aminoglycoside (eg.gentamycin)

Answer 4

30S subunit (ribosome)

Question 5

Drugs to AVOID

Answer 5

1. NSAIDs - inhibit COX1/COX-2
2. Diuretics: reduce renal blood flow
3. ACE inhibitors: inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme

Question 6

Chronic renal failure usually includes a history of ___ or -______

Answer 6

DM or hypertension

Question 7

(Complication of CKD) Anaemia

Treatments:…

Answer 7

Epoetin alfa (stimulates erythropoiesis)

Question 8

(Complication of CKD) Hyperkalemia

Treatments:…

Answer 8

• Restrict potassium diet
• Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
• Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate

Question 9

(Complication of CKD) Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia

Treatments:…

Answer 9

Restrict phosphate diet
Calcium carbonate 
Calcium acetate 
Sevelamer
Lanthanum

Question 10

(Complication of CKD) Hyperparathyroidism

Treatments:…

Answer 10

Vitamin D (Active):
Calcitriol
Cinacalcet

Question 11

(Complication of CKD) Volume overload

Treatments:…

Answer 11

Restrict sodium diet
(ACUTE) Loop diuretic: Furosemide
(MILD) Thiazide diuretics

Question 12

Treatment of ESBL infections

Answer 12

carbapenem (best), meropenem, ertapenem

Question 13

If patient is allergic to antibiotics, can get s&s like:

• Rash
• _______ of the face
• Difficulty breathing
• Can also develop into __________ (can get anaphylaxis)

Answer 13

swelling; Stevens-Johnson syndome

Question 14

Antibiotics like aminoglycosides & fluoroquinolone are _______-dependent.

So they can be dosed ___ a day.

Answer 14

concentration;

once

Question 15

Example of beta-3 adrenergic agonist

Answer 15

Mirabegron

Question 16

Beta-3 adrenergic agonist MOA

• To treat _______
• _______ the bladder muscle and can ↑ the amount of urine the bladder can hold
• May also ↑ the _______

Answer 16

• To treat urge incontinence
• Relaxes the bladder muscle and can ↑ the amount of urine the bladder can hold
• May also ↑ the amount of urine

Question 17

Beta-3 adrenergic agonist side effects

Answer 17

Urinary retention
Headache
Hypertension
Diarrhoea
Constipation
Upper respiratory tract infection

Question 18

Examples of anticholinergics

Answer 18

Solifenacin
Oxybutynin
Tolterodine

Question 19

Anticholinergics MOA

Answer 19

Calm an overactive bladder and may be helpful for urge incontinence

Question 20

Anticholinergics side effects

Answer 20

Blurred vision
Dry eyes
Dry mouth
Confusion
Hallucinations
Rapid heart rate
Constipation
Urine retention
Drowsiness

Question 21

MOA of overactive bladder treatments

• Inhibits _________ & increases _________
• Delayed _________ & ↑ _________

Answer 21

• Inhibits involuntary contractions & increases relaxation

- Delayed voiding & ↑ storage capacity

Question 22

Examples of 5-α reductase inhibitors

Answer 22

Dustasteride

Finasteride

Question 23

5-α reductase inhibitors MOA

• _______the size of the _________ by blocking hormones that spur the growth of _________
• Need to wait _________months for symptom relief

Answer 23

• Reduces the size of the prostate gland by blocking hormones that spur the growth of prostate gland
• Need to wait 3-6 months for symptom relief

Question 24

Examples of α-1 blockers

Answer 24

Tamsulosin

Alfuzosin

Question 25

α-1 blockers MOA

• Relax ________ and ________ in the prostate
• Makes it easier to ________________

Answer 25

• Relax bladder neck muscles and muscle fibers in the prostate
• Makes it easier to empty the bladder

Question 26

_______ do NOT work in BPH. (unless secondary infection)

Answer 26

Antibiotics

Question 27

MOA of epoetin alfa

Answer 27

Stimulate erythropoiesis

Question 28

MOA of sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Answer 28

• Binds to excess potassium in bowels

- Exchanges Na+/Ca2+ with K+ as the drug travels through the intestine

Question 29

MOA of calcium carbonate, lanthanum, sevelamer

Answer 29

↑Ca2+ concentration in blood

Question 30

MOA of Vit. D (active)

Answer 30

• ↑ Reabsorption of Ca2+ in kidneys

- Elevate the plasma levels of calcium.

Question 31

MOA of diuretics

Answer 31

• Inhibits Na-K-Cl cotransporter
• Prevents absorption of Na+ and water
• ↓ Fluid absorbed