Drug in renal diseases Flashcards
Most common pathogen of UTI
E.coli
Acute renal failure requires ______ treatment
immediate
Most frequent cause of acute renal failure
renal hypoperfusion
Site of action of aminoglycoside (eg.gentamycin)
30S subunit (ribosome)
Drugs to AVOID
- NSAIDs - inhibit COX1/COX-2
- Diuretics: reduce renal blood flow
- ACE inhibitors: inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme
Chronic renal failure usually includes a history of ___ or -______
DM or hypertension
(Complication of CKD) Anaemia
Treatments:…
Epoetin alfa (stimulates erythropoiesis)
(Complication of CKD) Hyperkalemia
Treatments:…
- Restrict potassium diet
- Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
- Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
(Complication of CKD) Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia
Treatments:…
Restrict phosphate diet Calcium carbonate Calcium acetate Sevelamer Lanthanum
(Complication of CKD) Hyperparathyroidism
Treatments:…
Vitamin D (Active):
Calcitriol
Cinacalcet
(Complication of CKD) Volume overload
Treatments:…
Restrict sodium diet
(ACUTE) Loop diuretic: Furosemide
(MILD) Thiazide diuretics
Treatment of ESBL infections
carbapenem (best), meropenem, ertapenem
If patient is allergic to antibiotics, can get s&s like:
- Rash
- _______ of the face
- Difficulty breathing
- Can also develop into __________ (can get anaphylaxis)
swelling; Stevens-Johnson syndome
Antibiotics like aminoglycosides & fluoroquinolone are _______-dependent.
So they can be dosed ___ a day.
concentration;
once
Example of beta-3 adrenergic agonist
Mirabegron
Beta-3 adrenergic agonist MOA
- To treat _______
- _______ the bladder muscle and can ↑ the amount of urine the bladder can hold
- May also ↑ the _______
- To treat urge incontinence
- Relaxes the bladder muscle and can ↑ the amount of urine the bladder can hold
- May also ↑ the amount of urine
Beta-3 adrenergic agonist side effects
Urinary retention Headache Hypertension Diarrhoea Constipation Upper respiratory tract infection
Examples of anticholinergics
Solifenacin
Oxybutynin
Tolterodine
Anticholinergics MOA
Calm an overactive bladder and may be helpful for urge incontinence
Anticholinergics side effects
Blurred vision Dry eyes Dry mouth Confusion Hallucinations Rapid heart rate Constipation Urine retention Drowsiness
MOA of overactive bladder treatments
- Inhibits _________ & increases _________
- Delayed _________ & ↑ _________
- Inhibits involuntary contractions & increases relaxation
- Delayed voiding & ↑ storage capacity
Examples of 5-α reductase inhibitors
Dustasteride
Finasteride
5-α reductase inhibitors MOA
- _______the size of the _________ by blocking hormones that spur the growth of _________
- Need to wait _________months for symptom relief
- Reduces the size of the prostate gland by blocking hormones that spur the growth of prostate gland
- Need to wait 3-6 months for symptom relief
Examples of α-1 blockers
Tamsulosin
Alfuzosin
α-1 blockers MOA
- Relax ________ and ________ in the prostate
- Makes it easier to ________________
- Relax bladder neck muscles and muscle fibers in the prostate
- Makes it easier to empty the bladder
_______ do NOT work in BPH. (unless secondary infection)
Antibiotics
MOA of epoetin alfa
Stimulate erythropoiesis
MOA of sodium polystyrene sulfonate
- Binds to excess potassium in bowels
- Exchanges Na+/Ca2+ with K+ as the drug travels through the intestine
MOA of calcium carbonate, lanthanum, sevelamer
↑Ca2+ concentration in blood
MOA of Vit. D (active)
- ↑ Reabsorption of Ca2+ in kidneys
- Elevate the plasma levels of calcium.
MOA of diuretics
- Inhibits Na-K-Cl cotransporter
- Prevents absorption of Na+ and water
- ↓ Fluid absorbed
