drug clearance: excretion

Question 1

what is the glomerular filtration rate

Answer 1

120 ml/min

Question 2

type of renal excretion where the rate of elimination = output

Answer 2

glomerular filtration rate

Question 3

type of renal excretion where the rate of elimination < output

Answer 3

tubular secretion

Question 4

type of renal excretion where the rate of elimination > output

Answer 4

tubular reabsorption

Question 5

glucose exhibits what type of renal excretion

Answer 5

tubular reabsorption

Question 6

what is added to IV solutions for urinary alkalinization

Answer 6

sodium bicarbonate

Question 7

weak acids can have enhanced excretion with urinary _____

Answer 7

alkalinization

Question 8

a weak acid is ___ (HA or A-) in alkaline urine

Answer 8

A-

Question 9

why is elimination enhanced if the urine is alkaline with a weak acid

Answer 9

it is charged so not easily absorbed

Question 10

what is added to IV solutions for urinary acidification

Answer 10

ammonium chloride

Question 11

weak bases can have enhanced excretion with urinary _____

Answer 11

acidification

Question 12

a weak base is ___ (B or BH+) in acidic urine

Answer 12

BH+

Question 13

graph of first order kinetics

Answer 13

linear

Question 14

graph of zero order kinetics

Answer 14

nonlinear (exponential)

Question 15

the rate of elimination for zero order kinetics is ____

Answer 15

saturable and not directly proportional to drug concentration

Question 16

alcohol exhibits zero order kinetics. does the rate of fall vary with dose?

Answer 16

no. same rate despite diff concentration

Question 17

intermediate kinetics means that at a low dose, we see ____ order kinetics, but at high doses, we see ___ order kinetics

Answer 17

at low doses: first order (linear)

at high doses: zero order (non-linear)

Question 18

does the drug concentration reach Css in zero order kinetics?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

does the drug concentration reach Css in first order kinetics?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

is the Css proportional to dose in first order

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

bioavailability calculation

Answer 21

amount in systemic/ total at start

Question 22

hepatic extraction ratio

Answer 22

amount lost after liver/total absorbed

Question 23

calculation for half life

Answer 23

0.693 x Vd / Clearance

Question 24

how many half lives does it take for a drug to be eliminated from the body

Answer 24

5

Question 25

what are 4 conditions that could increase half-life

Answer 25

• low metabolism (ex. liver cirrosis, low enzyme)
• low extraction rate (ex. kidney disease)
• low renal plasma flow (ex. heart disease)
• high albumin binding
• urine pH