adverse drug reactions Flashcards
ADR of aspirin
excessive bleeding
why are children at risk of ADR
lower capacity to metabolize drugs
what are elderly at risk of ADR
- altered PK and PD
- cognitive problems
- polypharmacology
- co-morbidity
what are the 3 classifications of ADR
- onset
- severity
- type
how long does it take for acute, sub-acute, and latent ADR
- acute: 0-60 min
- sub-acute: 1-24 hours
- latent: more than 2 days
the severity of ADR can be classified as __
- mild
- moderate
- severe
- lethal
mild severity ADR
- no therapy
- no hospitalization
moderate ADR
- change the drug therapy
- may hospitalize
severse ADR
- life-threatening
- must stop drug
- get tx for ADR
lethal ADR
pt dies
what are the types of ADR
- dose related
- not dose related
- dose related and time related
- time related
dose-related ADR is predictable based on ___
pharmacological action of drug
not dose related ADR characteristics
- not predictable
- not related to action of drug
- not treatable by changing dose
- high mortality
anaphylaxis is an example of what type of ADR
not dose-related
dose-related and time related happens when ___
you take the drug for a long time and it accumulated
time related ADR appear when?
- some time after use of drug
- delayed!
4 types of allergic reactions
- anaphylactic
- cytotoxic
- immune complex-mediated
- cell-mediated
during anaphylaxis, the drug interacts with what Ig on which cells
IgE on basophils and mast cells
what happens to the cell during cytotoxic rx
lysis
in cytotoxic reactions, drugs act as ____ and, when binding to protein, cause antibodies to form
haptens
immune-complex mediated
- antigen-antibody complex reaches target cell
- complement is activated
- tissue destruction
example of immune-complex mediated
serum sickness rxn
what drugs cause serum sickness
- cefaclor
- penicillin
- erythromycin
cell-mediated reaction
- drug binds to lymphocytes
- CK released
