Drug Class: Thoazide Type Diuretics, Loop Diuretics, Alpha Adrenoreceptor Antagonists Flashcards
Examples of thiazide type diuretics
INDAPAMIDE
CLORTALIDONE
BENZOTHIAZINE
METOLAZONE
Mode of action of thiazide type diuretics
• Block reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule
Increase urinary excretion of Na
Decrease TPR – Vasodilatation
Side effects of thiazide type diuretics
- Electrolyte disturbance
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalaemia
- Hypercalcaemia
- Hyperglycaemia
- Dehydration
- Renal impairment
- Orthostatic hypotension.
Gout
Erectile dysfunction
- Uncommon
Examples of loop diuretics
FUROSEMIDE
BUMATANIDE
(-ide)
Mode of action of loop diuretics
Block NaCl reabsorption in ascending limb of loop of Henle – inhibit Na-K-Cl transporter
• Intense diuretic effect
• Vaso and venodilatation
- Work at very low GFR= ideal in HF
Side effects of loop diuretics
- Electrolyte disturbance • Low Na, K, Mg and Ca - Dehydration - Gout - Renal impairment - Orthostatic hypotension - Impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes
Drug-drug interactions of loop diuretics
Furosemide
- Aminoglycosides (era+ kidney toxic)
- Lithium (renal)
- NSAIDs (renal)
- Antihypertensives (hypotension)
- Vancomycin (renal)
Contra indications of loop diuretics
Some patients become resistant to loop diuretics
Example of Alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists
DOXAZOSIN
Mode of action of Alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists
Selectively block post synaptic alpha 1 adrenoreceptors -> oppose vascular smooth muscle contraction in arteries
- Peripheral vasodilatation
Side effects of Alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists
- First dose hypotension
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Headache
Examples of less common centrally acting hypotensive agents
- METHYLDOPA – hypertension in pregnancy – stop after delivery
- MOXONIDINE
Examples of less common vasodilating hypotensive agents
- Hydralazine
* Minoxidil
Side effects of methyldopa
- Sedation and drowsiness
- Dry mouth and nasal congestion
- Orthostatic hypotension
