Drug choices Flashcards
Suggest the best medications for a patient that has failed metformin monotherapy that needs to take a second tablet.
Glizacide 40-80mg PO daily with breakfast
Glipizide
Tolbutamide
Give a IV infusion that may help correct potassium levels.
IV fusion of phosphate
What is the most appropriate laxative prescribed to pregnant women?
For Fybogel one sachet or two level 5ml spoonfools in water twice daily after meals
What booster should be given to a child that was bitten by a dog?
Repevax 0.5ml IM
How is amiodarone given?
300mg over 20-120 minutes as a continous IV infusion.
What is first line LMWH given to patients for VTE prophylaxis not in renal failure undergoing orthopoedic surgery?
Dalteparin 2500 units 1-2 hours pre surgery, then 2500 units after surgery 8-12 hours
What is the reversal agent for dalteparin?
Idarucizumab
What is first line for patients with meningiococcal disease and penicllin allergy?
Cefotaxime (900mg or 1g) by IV or IM injection
Ceftriaxone
What is the correct treatment for a stroke?
aspirin 300mg for 14 days before switching to clopidogrel
How is furosemide prescribed?
50mg (up to 1.5g) daily by continous IV infusion with 4mg/min.
What form of morphine is used following an MI?
5mg Diamorphine by slow IV infusion
What drug can be used for antisickness in Parkinsons
Domperidome does not cross BBB
What is the first line anticoagulant in patients that cannot take oral anticoagulants?
Dalteparin
What antiplatelet should be prescribed following an MI?
75MG od po clopidogrel for 12 months
When should plasma theophylline levels be taken?
monitor theophylline concentration after 5 days Plasma theophylline concentration taken 4 - 6 hours after an oral dose is the correct timing for sampling of plasma theophylline concentrations. The average half-life of theophylline is approximately 6 - 9 hours. The target plasma concentration for bronchodilation is 10 - 20mg/l, although lower levels may be adequate in some patients.
What is given in benzodizepine overdose?
Flumazenil
200ug
IV
15 seconds
What is given in organophosphate poisoning?
Pralidoxime
What antibiotics should be prescribed for chlamydia in pregnancy?
Azithromycin 1 g once daily for 1 day, then 500 mg once daily for 2 days
Erythromycin 500mg PO BD for 14 days
Suggest first line treatment for bacterial meningitis in children.
The most likely diagnosis in this patient is meningitis - inflammation of the meninges. Whilst viral meningitis is more common than bacterial meningitis, all cases should be suspected as bacterial until proven otherwise due to the high mortality and morbidity. The BNF recommends cefotaxime or ceftriaxone in all patients aged between 3 months and 50 years as the initial empirical therapy of choice.
What is the treatment for severe hypoglycaemia?
150 – 200ml 10% glucose IV is the most appropriate treatment for severe hypoglycaemia in a patient who is unresponsive. Alternatively, 20% glucose solution can be used.
What can be used in nausea associated with migraine?
This patient is complaining of nausea and vomiting associated with recurrent migraines. Antiemetics specifically licenced for the treatment of nausea associated with migraines include:
Prochlorperazine 3-6mg buccal PRN - up to twice daily. Tablets should be placed high between the upper lip and gum and then left to dissolve (BNF link)
Metoclopramide 10mg PO PRN - up to 3 doses daily (BNF link)
Scarlet fever drug
Scarlet fever is usually treated with a 10-day course of antibiotics. This is often in the form of penicillin or amoxicillin tablets, although liquid may be used for young children.
Feboxustat
Febuxostat is used to lower hyperuricemia (high uric acid in the blood) in patients with gout who have been treated with allopurinol that did not work well or cannot be treated with allopurinol.
Bacterial vaginosis in a female with alcohol dependency
First line for haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids are common in pregnancy and are associated with straining due to constipation. A bulk-forming laxative such as Ispaghula husk is the first choice of laxative in pregnancy, after increasing dietary fibre and fluid intake.
What drug is used for eclamptic seizures?
magnesium sulfate is the recommended medication to treat eclamptic seizures
What drug should be prescribed with sickness and heart failure?
Ondansetron
Cyclizine is contra-indicated in light of her heart failure
What are some examples of stool softeners?
Lactulose, movicol, macrogol
When are statins stopped or discontinued?
The BNF advises if serum transaminases are greater than 3 times the upper limit of the reference range then statin therapy should be discontinued.
When should a patient stop taking microgynon?
A systolic blood pressure of over 160mmHg (or >100mmHg diastolic) is a contraindication to COCP usage and it should be stopped.
What should you do if statin results is less than 3 times the normal ALT?
If the transaminase are raised but less than 3 times upper limit of normal , continue statin and repeat LFT in a month.
How should morphine be managed when patient is recovering?
Stop regular and give PRN
What should be prescribed in end organ damage?
As there is evidence of nephropathy in this patient, she should be started on a renoprotective agent pending a repeat urine dip and/or confirmation of end-organ damage
