Drug Cards

Question 1

KETOROLAC

Classification:
Therapeutic effect:
Action:
Nursing Considerations:
Indications:
Adverse reactions:
Patient education:

Answer 1

Classification: NSAID; analgesic
Therapeutic effect: decreases pain
Action: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis; antipyretic and anti-inflammatory
Nursing Considerations: assess for rash periodically and assess for rhinitis, asthma, and pain. **Should not exceed 5 days
Indications: short term management of pain not to exceed five days
Adverse reactions:

Patient education: do not exceed more than five days on the medication; take with food or milk and remain upright for 30 minutes to decrease irritation of the lower esophagus

Question 2

ASPIRIN

Classification:
Therapeutic effect:
Action:
Nursing Considerations:
Indications:
Adverse reactions:
Patient education:

Answer 2

C: salicylate
Therapeutic effect: analgesic, antipyretic, anti-coagulatant
A: inhibits the production of prostaglandins, decreases platelet aggregation
N: monitor liver and renal function, electrolytes, bleeding time, CBC, and serum drug levels
I: treatment for inflammatory disorders, pain, fever, prophylaxis of transient ischemic attacks and MI
A: take with food or milk, PO, RECT
Patient education: take with food, avoid other NSAIDS, take 325mg if experiencing chest pain, disregard if veineragy smell

Question 3

CELEOOXIB

Classification:
Therapeutic effect:
Action:
Nursing Considerations:
Indications:
Adverse reactions:
Patient education:

Answer 3

C: COX-2 inhibitor
Therapeutic use: anti rheumatic
M: 24-48 hours
A: inhibits COX-2, which synthesizes prostaglandins; analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic
N: do not admin if client has high BP of heart failure, GI bleeding, ulcers
I: reliefs signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, RA, management of acute pain
A: PO 100-200 mg daily

Patient education: take exactly as directed, do not exceed dose, discontinue if abdominal pain persists, edema, chest pain

Question 4

NAPROXEN

Classification:
Therapeutic effect:
Action:
Nursing Considerations:
Indications:
Adverse reactions:
Patient education:

Answer 4

C: NSAID, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic
Therapeutic effect: decrease pain, reduces fever & inflammation
M: 1 hour
A: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
N: assess for rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, increase potassium serum creatinine alkaline phosphatase
A: take with food or milk; remain upright for 30 min to decrease irrigation of lower esophagus

Question 5

COLCHICINE

Classification:
Therapeutic effect:
Action:
Nursing Considerations:
Indications:
Adverse reactions:
Patient education:

Answer 5

C: antigout agent
M: 0-12 hours
A: interfere with functioning of WBC’s in initiating and perpetuating the inflammatory response to monosodium rate crystals
N: monitor I&O, at least 2000 mL/day of output; assess for toxicity; abdominal pain and fever
I: treatment and prevention of acute attacks of gouty arthritis
A: administer orally with food to avoid GI irritation

Patient education: do no consume any alcohol and maintain dietary restrictions

• report naseau, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, malaise
• increase daily fluids to over 2000mL per day
• avoid grapefruit

Question 6

ALLOPURINOL

Classification:
Therapeutic effect:
Action:
Nursing Considerations:
Indications:
Adverse reactions:
Patient education:

Answer 6

C: anti-gout; antipyretic, antihperuricemics; xanthine oxidase inhibitor
M: 1-2 days, peak 1-2 weeks
A: inhibits the production of uric acid by inhibiting reaction of xanthene oxidase and decreasing serum uric acid levels
N: Monitor intake and outtake minimum of 2500 to 3500 mL per day; assess for rash or signs of hypersensitivity; monitor for joint pain and swelling and blood glucose as it may cause hypoglycaemia
I: prevention of attacks of gouty arthritis and nephropathic second treatment of hyperuricaemia
A: take after milk or meals to decreased gastric irritation and give with plenty of fluid; pill may be crushed

Question 7

can allopurinol be crushed?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

DOZEPEZIL

Classification:
Therapeutic effect:
Action:
Nursing Considerations:
Indications:
Adverse reactions:
Patient education:

Answer 8

C: cholinergic antagonist; anti-alzheimer’s agent
M: 3/52; peak 3-4 hrs
A: increasing levels of ACTH in the brain by inhibiting ACTH enzyme
N: assess cognitive function; SLUDGE; administer right before going to bed
I: treatment of mild-moderate Alzheimer’s
A: PO

Patient education: notify HCP if abdominal pain, coffee ground, emesis, nausea, or changes in colour still occur take medications daily as directed me cause drowsiness follow up will be scheduled to monitor progress

Question 9

TOLTERADINE (DETROL)

CMANIA

Answer 9

C: cholinergic antagonist (blocker)

M: onset 1 h; peak 1-2 hours, half life 2-4 hours, duration 5 hours (also long acting formulation)

A: Acts as a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist resulting in inhibition of cholin- ergically mediated bladder contraction. Therapeutic Effects: Decreased urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence.

N: many adverse effects – see slide

I: treatment of overactive bladder (urinary frequency, urgency and urge incontinence)

A: PO with food; assessment of side effects, resolution of symptoms – improved voiding pattern

Patient education:.
● May cause dizziness and blurred vision. Caution patient to avoid driving or other
activities requiring alertness until response to medication is known.
● Instruct patient to notify health care professional immediately if rash or signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis or angioedema occur.

Question 10

TAMSULOSIN (FLOMAX)

CMANIA

Answer 10

C: adrenergic blocker (alpha blocker)

M:onset unknown, peak 4-7 hours. ½ life 15 hours

A: relaxes smooth muscle fibres in prostate and bladder to improve urinary flow

N: see previous slide for adverse effects

I: BPH for male patients

A: 0.4 mg PO, q hs, teach about risks of hypotension, falls etc.