Adrenergic Drugs/ Cholingeric Drugs (week 2) Flashcards
pharmacokinetics
the movement of drugs
- distribution
- excretion
- absorption
- secretion
pharmacodynamics
the action of the drug; how the drug interacts in the body with all of the organs and systems
pharmacotherapeutics
indication
what therapeutic effects do these drugs have on the client?
What is C-MANIA?
A way to identify, understand, and administer drugs in a systematic and linear way
What does CMANIA stand for?
C: classification M: movement (pharmokinetics) A: action (pharmacodynamics) N: nursing considerations I: indication (pharmcotherapeutics) A: administraiton
The central nervous system is composed of this.
The brain and the spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system is composed of this.
the somatic and the autonomic nervous system
the autonomic nervous system is composed of this.
the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
sympathetic nervous system
rest and digest
parasympathetic nervous system
What two classification of drugs increase or decrease the actions of the autonomic nervous system?
adrenergic
cholinergic
this classification of drug stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
adrenergic
this classification of drug stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
cholinergic
What are the neurotransmitters or catecholamines in the sympathetic nervous system?
epinephrine
norepinephrine
What are the receptors found in the sympathetic nervous system?
alpha
beta
dopamine
What neurotransmitter is found in the parasympathetic nervous system?
acetylcholine (ACTH)
What are the receptors found in the parasympathetic nervous system?
muscarinic (smooth muscle)
nicotinic (skeletal)
What does acetylcholine (ACTH) do in the body?
It stimulates the adrenals to release cortisol, a key factor in many functions in the body’s metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, and protein as well as blood pressure
What does dopamine do for the body?
They are responsible for the coordination of movement, emotions, and please and reward centres in the brain.
What is an agonist?
a substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor.
what is an antagonist or blocker?
a substance that interferes with or inhibits the physiological action of another.
What classification of drugs stimulates a fight-or-flight response?
agonists (adrenergic)
What classification of drug stimulates a “feed, breed, poo, pee” response from the body?
antagonists (adrenergic antagonist blocker)
What is the acronym commonly used for cholinergic agonists?
SLUDE S: sludge L: lacrimation U: urination D: diarrhea GI: GI distress E: emesis
What is emesis?
vomiting
List the adrenergic agonist drug that would pair with this sign, symptom, disease, or illness:
- Asthma, COPD:
- Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest
- salbutamol (ventolin)
2. epinephrine hydrochloride (adrenalin)
List the adrenergic antagonist drug that would pair with this sign, symptom, disease, or illness:
- hypertension:
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH):
- beta blockers “OLOL”
2. tamsulosin (flomax)
List the cholinergic agonist drugs that would pair with this sign, symptom, disease, or illness:
- Alzheimers disease: donepezil
- Bradycardia
- Reverse neuromuscular block
- post op neurogenic bladder
- donepezil
- atropine
- neostigmine
- bethanecol
List the cholinergic antagonist blocker drugs that would pair with this sign, symptom, disease, or illness:
- overreactive bladder:
- bladder spasms:
- motion sickness:
- toliteradine (petrol)
- oxybutynin (ditropan)
- scopolamine
What classification of drugs mimic the effects of the SNS neurotransmitters?
The adrenergic agonists
What is endogenous?
having an internal cause or origin.
what is exogenous?
relating to or developing from external factors.
What are beta 1 and beta 2 receptors found?
in the sympathetic nervous
beta 1: located primarily in the heart
beta 2: located in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles (lungs)
What three effects do Beta 1 receptors have on the heart?
- increased heart contraction
- increased heart rate
- increased electrical conduction in the AV node
What areas of the heart do Beta 1 receptors affect?
The SA nodes, the AV nodes, and the myocardium.
What happens when Beta-2 receptors are blocked in bronchioles?
dyspnea, which is smooth muscle contraction and narrowing of airways
Compare some of the adverse effects of adrenergic alpha beta blockers?
Alpha: - hypotension - tachycardia - tinnitus - rhinitis Beta: - bradycardia - heart failure -bronchospasm
What are some adverse effects of adrenergic beta blockers?
bradycardia
ischemic colitis
bronchospasms
What is bradycardia?
an individual has a slow heart rate, typically defined as a heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults.
What is tachycardia?
a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate; a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute
What classification of drugs mimic the effects of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACTH)?
Cholinergic agonists
What are the two receptors of cholinergic drugs?
nicotinic (skeletal)
muscarinic (smooth)
What are some the adverse effects of cholinergic drugs?
- bradycardia, hypotension, convulsions, dizziness, bronchospasm,
What do cholinergic antagonist blockers do?
They inhibit the actions of the ACTH in the perisperhal nervous system.
Are cholinergic blockers used a lot in today’s practice?
No. They are a very old classification of drug and they have a terrible adverse effect profile.
What is the nemonic for the effects of anticholingeric?
" hot as a hare" (feverish) "dry as a bone" (dehydrated) "red as a beet" (flushed skin) "mad as a hatter" (confused) "blind as a bat"
when adrenergic blockers have a chronotropic effect on the Beta-1 receptors, this causes the heart to?
decrease heartrate
when adrenergic blockers have a dromotropic effect on the Beta-1 receptors, this causes the heart to?
decreased conduction
when derenergic blockers have a inotropic effect on the Beta-1 receptors, this causes the heart to?
decreased contractility
Which adrenergic receptor stimulates the blood vessels to constrict?
alpha
Which adrenergic receptor stimulates the blood vessels to dilate?
beta 2
Beta 2 adrenergic receptor stimulates the kidneys to
increase renin secretion
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors stimulates the liver to
glycogenolysis
Alpha 2 receptors stimulate the pancreas to
decrease insulin release
how does salbutamol work?
it acts on beta 2 receptors by relaxing smooth muscles, allowing the airways to relax and the patient to breath easier
how does epinephrine work for beta 1 receptors?
it stimulates beta 1 receptors to increase heart rate, contraction, and contractility
how does epinephrine work for beta 2 receptors?
bronchodilation
how does epinephrine work for alpha 1 receptors
vasoconstriction
what do adrenergic antagonist blocker drugs do?
cause arterial and venous dilation (decrease PVR and smooth muscle contraction)
What happens when adrenergic blockers block B1 and B2 receptors?
smooth muscle contraction and narrowing of airways, causing dyspnea
what do beta blockers do?
decrease heart rate, decrease contractility, decrease conduction
why are beta blockers good for the heart especially with someone who suffers from heart disease?
they slow the heart rate down, allowing the heart to fill and empty better
this drug relaxes smooth muscle fibres in prostate and bladder to improve urinary flow
tamsulosin
this classification of drugs restores the body to “rest and digest” mode
cholinergic
this drug increases levels of acth in the brain by inhibiting ACHE (alzhermiers)
donepezil
hot as a hare dry as a bone red as a beet mad as a hatter blind as a bat
anticholinergic effects
