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Pharmacology and Pathophysiology Own notes > Adrenergic Drugs/ Cholingeric Drugs (week 2) > Flashcards

Adrenergic Drugs/ Cholingeric Drugs (week 2) Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

the movement of drugs

  • distribution
  • excretion
  • absorption
  • secretion
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2
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

the action of the drug; how the drug interacts in the body with all of the organs and systems

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3
Q

pharmacotherapeutics

A

indication

what therapeutic effects do these drugs have on the client?

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4
Q

What is C-MANIA?

A

A way to identify, understand, and administer drugs in a systematic and linear way

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5
Q

What does CMANIA stand for?

A 
C: classification
M: movement (pharmokinetics)
A: action (pharmacodynamics)
N: nursing considerations
I: indication (pharmcotherapeutics)
A: administraiton
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6
Q

The central nervous system is composed of this.

A

The brain and the spinal cord.

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7
Q

The peripheral nervous system is composed of this.

A

the somatic and the autonomic nervous system

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8
Q

the autonomic nervous system is composed of this.

A

the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

fight or flight

A

sympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

rest and digest

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

What two classification of drugs increase or decrease the actions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

adrenergic

cholinergic

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12
Q

this classification of drug stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenergic

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13
Q

this classification of drug stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system

A

cholinergic

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14
Q

What are the neurotransmitters or catecholamines in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

epinephrine

norepinephrine

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15
Q

What are the receptors found in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

alpha
beta
dopamine

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16
Q

What neurotransmitter is found in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

acetylcholine (ACTH)

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17
Q

What are the receptors found in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

muscarinic (smooth muscle)

nicotinic (skeletal)

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18
Q

What does acetylcholine (ACTH) do in the body?

A

It stimulates the adrenals to release cortisol, a key factor in many functions in the body’s metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, and protein as well as blood pressure

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19
Q

What does dopamine do for the body?

A

They are responsible for the coordination of movement, emotions, and please and reward centres in the brain.

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20
Q

What is an agonist?

A

a substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor.

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21
Q

what is an antagonist or blocker?

A

a substance that interferes with or inhibits the physiological action of another.

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22
Q

What classification of drugs stimulates a fight-or-flight response?

A

agonists (adrenergic)

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23
Q

What classification of drug stimulates a “feed, breed, poo, pee” response from the body?

A

antagonists (adrenergic antagonist blocker)

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24
Q

What is the acronym commonly used for cholinergic agonists?

A 
SLUDE
S: sludge
L: lacrimation
U: urination
D: diarrhea
GI: GI distress
E: emesis
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25
Q

What is emesis?

A

vomiting

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26
Q

List the adrenergic agonist drug that would pair with this sign, symptom, disease, or illness:

  1. Asthma, COPD:
  2. Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest
A
  1. salbutamol (ventolin)

2. epinephrine hydrochloride (adrenalin)

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27
Q

List the adrenergic antagonist drug that would pair with this sign, symptom, disease, or illness:

  1. hypertension:
  2. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH):
A
  1. beta blockers “OLOL”

2. tamsulosin (flomax)

28
Q

List the cholinergic agonist drugs that would pair with this sign, symptom, disease, or illness:

  1. Alzheimers disease: donepezil
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Reverse neuromuscular block
  4. post op neurogenic bladder
A
  1. donepezil
  2. atropine
  3. neostigmine
  4. bethanecol
29
Q

List the cholinergic antagonist blocker drugs that would pair with this sign, symptom, disease, or illness:

  1. overreactive bladder:
  2. bladder spasms:
  3. motion sickness:
A
  1. toliteradine (petrol)
  2. oxybutynin (ditropan)
  3. scopolamine
30
Q

What classification of drugs mimic the effects of the SNS neurotransmitters?

A

The adrenergic agonists

31
Q

What is endogenous?

A

having an internal cause or origin.

32
Q

what is exogenous?

A

relating to or developing from external factors.

33
Q

What are beta 1 and beta 2 receptors found?

A

in the sympathetic nervous

beta 1: located primarily in the heart

beta 2: located in the smooth muscle of the bronchioles (lungs)

34
Q

What three effects do Beta 1 receptors have on the heart?

A
  1. increased heart contraction
  2. increased heart rate
  3. increased electrical conduction in the AV node
35
Q

What areas of the heart do Beta 1 receptors affect?

A

The SA nodes, the AV nodes, and the myocardium.

36
Q

What happens when Beta-2 receptors are blocked in bronchioles?

A

dyspnea, which is smooth muscle contraction and narrowing of airways

37
Q

Compare some of the adverse effects of adrenergic alpha beta blockers?

A 
Alpha:
- hypotension
- tachycardia
- tinnitus 
- rhinitis
Beta:
- bradycardia
- heart failure
-bronchospasm
38
Q

What are some adverse effects of adrenergic beta blockers?

A

bradycardia
ischemic colitis
bronchospasms

39
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

an individual has a slow heart rate, typically defined as a heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults.

40
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate; a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute

41
Q

What classification of drugs mimic the effects of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACTH)?

A

Cholinergic agonists

42
Q

What are the two receptors of cholinergic drugs?

A

nicotinic (skeletal)

muscarinic (smooth)

43
Q

What are some the adverse effects of cholinergic drugs?

A
  • bradycardia, hypotension, convulsions, dizziness, bronchospasm,
44
Q

What do cholinergic antagonist blockers do?

A

They inhibit the actions of the ACTH in the perisperhal nervous system.

45
Q

Are cholinergic blockers used a lot in today’s practice?

A

No. They are a very old classification of drug and they have a terrible adverse effect profile.

46
Q

What is the nemonic for the effects of anticholingeric?

A 
" hot as a hare" (feverish)
"dry as a bone" (dehydrated)
"red as a beet" (flushed skin)
"mad as a hatter" (confused)
"blind as a bat"
47
Q

when adrenergic blockers have a chronotropic effect on the Beta-1 receptors, this causes the heart to?

A

decrease heartrate

48
Q

when adrenergic blockers have a dromotropic effect on the Beta-1 receptors, this causes the heart to?

A

decreased conduction

49
Q

when derenergic blockers have a inotropic effect on the Beta-1 receptors, this causes the heart to?

A

decreased contractility

50
Q

Which adrenergic receptor stimulates the blood vessels to constrict?

A

alpha

51
Q

Which adrenergic receptor stimulates the blood vessels to dilate?

A

beta 2

52
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic receptor stimulates the kidneys to

A

increase renin secretion

53
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors stimulates the liver to

A

glycogenolysis

54
Q

Alpha 2 receptors stimulate the pancreas to

A

decrease insulin release

55
Q

how does salbutamol work?

A

it acts on beta 2 receptors by relaxing smooth muscles, allowing the airways to relax and the patient to breath easier

56
Q

how does epinephrine work for beta 1 receptors?

A

it stimulates beta 1 receptors to increase heart rate, contraction, and contractility

57
Q

how does epinephrine work for beta 2 receptors?

A

bronchodilation

58
Q

how does epinephrine work for alpha 1 receptors

A

vasoconstriction

59
Q

what do adrenergic antagonist blocker drugs do?

A

cause arterial and venous dilation (decrease PVR and smooth muscle contraction)

60
Q

What happens when adrenergic blockers block B1 and B2 receptors?

A

smooth muscle contraction and narrowing of airways, causing dyspnea

61
Q

what do beta blockers do?

A

decrease heart rate, decrease contractility, decrease conduction

62
Q

why are beta blockers good for the heart especially with someone who suffers from heart disease?

A

they slow the heart rate down, allowing the heart to fill and empty better

63
Q

this drug relaxes smooth muscle fibres in prostate and bladder to improve urinary flow

A

tamsulosin

64
Q

this classification of drugs restores the body to “rest and digest” mode

A

cholinergic

65
Q

this drug increases levels of acth in the brain by inhibiting ACHE (alzhermiers)

A

donepezil

66
Q 
hot as a hare
dry as a bone
red as a beet
mad as a hatter
blind as a bat
A

anticholinergic effects

Pharmacology and Pathophysiology Own notes (9 decks)

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