DRUG and ADVERSEEFFECTS and mechanisim 1 Flashcards
Bleomycin
ADVERSEEFFECT S
1-Pulmonary fibrosis
2-skin hyperpigmentation
Dactinomycin
(actinomycin D)
ADVERSEEFFECTS
Myelosuppression
Anthracyclines
(Doxorubicin, daunorubicin)
ADVERSEEFFECTS
1-Dilated cardiomyopathy
(often irreversible; prevent
with dexrazoxane),
2- myelosuppression
Thiopurines
Azathioprine,
6-mercaptopurine
ADVERSEEFFECTS
1-Myelosuppression;
2- GI, liver toxicity
Cladribine,
pentostatin
ADVERSEEFFECTS
Myelosuppression
Cytarabine
(arabinofuranosyl cytidine)
ADVERSEEFFECTS
Myelosuppression
5-Fluorouracil
ADVERSEEFFECTS
1-Myelosuppression,
2-palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia
(hand-foot syndrome)
Hydroxyurea
ADVERSEEFFECTS
1-Severe myelosuppression
2-megaloblastic anemia
Methotrexate
ADVERSEEFFECTS
1-Myelosuppression (reversible with leucovorin “rescue”)
2-hepatotoxicity
3-mucositis (eg,
mouth ulcers),
4-pulmonary fibrosis,
5-folate deficiency (teratogenic)
6-nephrotoxicity
Bleomycin
CL INICAL USE and MECHAN ISM
Induces free radical formation
→ breaks in DNA strands.
Testicular cancer, Hodgkin
lymphoma
Dactinomycin
(actinomycin D)
CL INICAL USE and MECHAN ISM
Intercalates into DNA, preventing RNA synthesis
Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma,
rhabdomyosarcoma
Anthracyclines
Doxorubicin,
daunorubicin
CL INICAL USE and MECHAN ISM
Generate free radicals
Intercalate in DNA → breaks in
DNA →↓ replication
Inhibit topoisomerase II
Solid tumors, leukemias,
lymphomas
Thiopurines
Azathioprine,
6-mercaptopurine
CL INICAL USE and MECHAN ISM
Purine (thiol) analogs
→↓ de novo purine synthesis
AZA is converted to 6-MP,
which is then activated by
HGPRT.
Rheumatoid arthritis, IBD,
SLE, ALL; steroid-refractory
disease
Prevention of organ rejection
Weaning from glucocorticoids
Cladribine,
pentostatin
CL INICAL USE and MECHAN ISM
Purine analogs → multiple
mechanisms (eg, inhibition of
ADA, DNA strand breaks).
Hairy cell leukemia
Cytarabine
(arabinofuranosyl
cytidine)
CL INICAL USE and MECHAN ISM
Pyrimidine analog → DNA
chain termination
Inhibits DNA polymerase.
Leukemias (AML), lymphomas
