clinical cases Flashcards
if patient has dry cough and decreased resiudal volume and dyspenia which drug he used? that also can induces free radicals formation that lead to breaks in DNA strand ?
bleomycin
because these symptoms is related to pulmonary fibrosis
after patient took antitumor drug he had dark skin. which drug was used?
bleomycin
it induces cytokines which activate melaonocytes (hyperpigmentation)
what is the clinical use of bleomycin
testicular cancer and hodgkin lymphoma
which drug can cause easy brusing bleeding ,weaknes,recurrent infection,anemia and intercalate into DNA preventing RNA synthesis?
dactinomycin(actinomycin D)
symptoms of mylosuppression
what is the clinical use of dactinomycin(actinomycin D)
Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma,
rhabdomyosarcoma
patient used one drug after that he felt tachycardia,dyspenia,and he got edema in lung. which drug did he use? and how can we prevent these adverse effects ?
Anthracyclines
(Doxorubicin,daunorubicin)
for preventian: dexrazoxane
cardiomyopathy
which drug Generate free radicals
Intercalate in DNA →breaks in
DNA →↓ replication
and
Inhibit topoisomerase II
Anthracyclines
Doxorubicin,
daunorubicin
clinical use of Anthracyclines
(Doxorubicin, daunorubicin)
Solid tumors, leukemias,
lymphomas
150-years old man has gaut disease and he takes allopurinol and febuxostat, last week he suffered from acute lymphoplastic anemia, a doctor discribed a drug for him but after he took it he got Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes,Itching and Abdominal pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen.which drug you think he took ?
thiopurines (6-MP, azathioprine)
these symptomes mean that he got liver toxicity after taking the drug
what is the prodrug for Thiopurines (Azathioprine,
6-mercaptopurine) ?
HGPRT
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
which drug can cause easy brusing bleeding ,weaknes,recurrent infection,anemia →↓ de novo purine synthesis AZA is converted to 6-MP?
Thiopurines
(Azathioprine, 6mercaptopurine)
which drug can cause easy brusing bleeding ,weaknes,recurrent infection,anemia. it is a Purine analogs→ multiple mechanisms (eg, inhibition of
ADA, DNA strand breaks)
Cladribine, pentostatin
Myelosuppression
what is the clinical use for (Cladribine, pentostatin) ?
Hairy cell leukemia
which drug can cause easy brusing bleeding ,weaknes,recurrent infection,anemia and we can use it to treat
Leukemias (AML), lymphomas it is Pyrimidine analog → DNA chain termination
Inhibits DNA polymerase ?
Cytarabine
(arabinofuranosyl cytidine)
patient has Colon cancer was described a drug after he took the drug he got a Thick calluses and blisters on the palms of his hands and soles of his feet. what is the mechanisim of this drug ?
Pyrimidine analog bioactivated
to 5-FdUMP→ thymidylate
synthase inhibition
→↓ dTMP →↓ DNA synthesis
5-Fluorouracil
patient used a drug for actinic keratosis then he got treated but after a period of time this drug was useless due to decreasing the prodrug activation of this medicine? which prodrug is inactivated here?
Capecitabine
patient was described a medicine then he got Abnormal paleness (lack of color of the skin) ,Decreased appetite,Irritability.
under microscope we found that he has a abnormally large blood cells. which drug he used and what is the mechanism of this drud ?
Hydroxyurea
Inhibits ribonucleotide
reductase →↓ DNA synthesis
patient has incresed red blood cells production and other pateint has red blood cells cresent like shape which drug can be used which Inhibits ribonucleotide
reductase →↓ DNA synthesis
Hydroxyurea
which drug can cause easy brusing bleeding ,weaknes,recurrent infection,anemia and inhibits
dihydrofolate reductase leading to inhibit DNA synthesis
Methotrexate
we can not give a pregnant women this drug because it can cause spina bifida in the fetus
Methotrexate
if pateint has rhumatiod arthiritis and nephrotoxicity and does not respond to steriod we should give him ?
thiopurines
(azathiopurine,6mercaptopurin)
if patient has dry cough and decreased resiudal volume and dyspenia and dark skin which antitumor antibiotic he used?
bleomycin
if patient has dry cough and decreased resiudal volume and dyspenia and dark skin which alkylating drug he used?
busulfan
