drug administration and absorption

Question 1

Vaporous inhalant advantages and disadvantages

Answer 1

Advantages :
1. Extremely fast absorption

Disadv:
1. Effect can be limited to time drug being inhaled
2. Lung and throat irritation with chronic use
3. Risk of brain damage with chronic use, with accompanying cognitive impairments
- Shorter attention span
Difficult to eliminate the drug from the system

Question 2

examples of VI

Answer 2

anaesthetics, analgesics, solvents (glue, paint thinner)

Question 3

VI meaning

Answer 3

breathing in vapours from drug/substance

Question 4

smoking meaning

Answer 4

Breathing smoke born particles into the lungs

Question 5

examples of smoking

Answer 5

• Nicotine
  
  • Tobacco
  • Hashish
  • Crack
  • Heroine
    Cannabis

Question 6

parenteral admin meaning

Answer 6

by injection
drug is dossolved or suspenede in liquid

Question 7

3 types of PA

Answer 7

intravenous
intramuscular (large muscle (thigh, butt)
subcutaneous (fatty tissue underneath the skin)

Question 8

subcutaneous injection ex:

Answer 8

heroine

Question 9

subcutaneous injection adv and disadv

Answer 9

adv: easiest of all injection techniques

disadv:
1. slower absorption than IM or IV
2. risk of skin irritation or deterioration (risk of all 3 techniques) –> germs into Blood stream
- can see notable skin sores, abscess, lesions

Question 10

IM injection adv/disadv

Answer 10

adv:
quicker to do than IV
faster absorption than SC

disadv:
slower abs than IV
risk of piercing vein by accident –> get directly to site of action quicker
- these are designed to have slower absorption
- so you get more of it than planned

Question 11

IV injection Adv/disadv

Answer 11

adv:
1. faster absorption of the three
2. immediacy of effects (15sec)
3. allows for accurate dosages

disadv:
1. immediacy of effects can be lethal
2. drugs cannot be recalled
3. requires sterile conditions; unsterile conditions seen with street use leading to development and spread of infectious diseases
- if not, diseases can be immediately transferred to other people

Question 12

insite information

Answer 12

opened in 2003
7 days a week, 18hrs a day
2 nurses, on site manager, counselor, doctor on call

Question 13

insite provides

Answer 13

12 seat injection room
chill room
clean injection equipment
medical attention in case of overdose
access to, or referral to other health care services
drug checking
operated by VIHA
$500000 per year to run!!!

Question 14

IV NEEDS what to be effectively administered

Answer 14

sterile conditions

Question 15

aims of insite (5)

Answer 15

1. decrease public injection drug use (up to 1000 per day)
   - 2020 stats–> around 3000 visits per day
2. decrease unsafe disposal of syringes in public spaces (CMJ: decreased drug litter on street)
3. decrease overdoses: overdoses common, but no deaths associated with over doses
4. Decrease infectious disease risk
   - 70% reported less syringe sharing
   – 2009 Stats showed 8% reported needle sharing
   in Vancouver vs 29% in Victoria
   – Incidence of HIV/AIDS dropped by over half
   – Estimated 20-30 new cases of HIV/AIDS
   prevented yearly
5. Improve access to healthcare services
   - 3130 abcess treatments (more than before)–> treated on site
   - 1 in 5 accessed detox centers
   - onsite: 30 bed detox facility

Question 16

drugs influence functioning at

Answer 16

“sites of action”

Question 17

how a drug is administered will affect: (3)

Answer 17

whether it gets to site of action
– how fast it gets to site of action
– how much gets to site of action

Question 18

ORAL ADMINISTRATION

Answer 18

• through mouth
• swallowing or consuming (eating or drinking)
• most common route

Question 19

factors affecting absorption of drug into
bloodstream include (3)

Answer 19

– stomach contents
– drug form
– lipid solubility of drug

Question 20

ORAL ADMINISTRATION adv/dsiadv

Answer 20

Advantages:
– generally safest, cheapest, and most convenient
Disadvantages:
1. slow absorption
2. delayed feedback
3. variability of absorption
4. irritating substances

Question 21

ABSORPTION meaning

Answer 21

• through skin or membrane into bloodstream
• positioning drug against skin, inserting into
  rectum, snorting it into nasal cavity, placing
  under tongue or against cheek

Question 22

ABSORPTION adv/disadv

Answer 22

• Advantages include:
  1. Useful alternative to oral route
• Disadvantages include:
  1. Irritation of skin or membranes
  2. Variable absorption

Question 23

INHALATION

Answer 23

• by breathing
• absorption occurs in lungs

Question 24

two types of inhalation

Answer 24

• Two types
  1. smoking
  2. vaporous inhalation

Question 25

SMOKING meaning

Answer 25

• burning or heating drug (e.g., dried plant
  material) and breathing smoke-borne particles
  into the lungs