Alc TB Flashcards
history
fermentation: 9000 years ago in china
3000BC: egypt with Hek
rules: 2225BC, keep booze in taverns
Fall of Roman empire blamed in part for wine (lead poisoning from lead vessels)
Irish made whiskey
France made brandy
Gin–> 1660
1684-1727 laws in place to stop drinking but it didnt work
- Americans connected liberty from the crown to drinking rum
- drinking increased a lot but then declined from 1830-1860 when they tried to control it
American Temperance Movement (early 1800s)
- abstinence= faith in god
- prohobition in 1917 –> little opposition as WW1 was about to start (lasted 14 years)
- was unenforced though…
dirnking inceased until the 1980s until MADD, other health concerns decreased drinking from 80s-90s
- now is inceasign with wine consumption not beer
variability of absorption from
degree of first pass metab
speed of gastroc emptying
liver volume/flow
gene that code for metabolizing enzymes
ethnicity
sex
age
drinking hisotry
absorption
rate of alc absorption > rate of production of enzyems that metabolize alc
alcoholics have lower FPM from lower Alc dehydrogenase from alcohol induced damage to stomach
Aspirin delays alcohols elimination
elimination
hockey stick than a straight slope downwards
ADH system
ADH step is rate limiting (dependant on ADH concentration)
catalase enzyme
MEOS
rate of metabolism affected by
drinking experience
sex
genetic variation
food intake
Pharmacology
GABAa –> in slides
GABAb –> decrease alc consumption
Glutamate –>NMDA receptor decreased
–> is upregulated by the brain
positives of alc consumption
2 drinks/day = good
- decreased T2 diabetes
- decreased coronary heart disease risk
- reduced ischemic stroke
- reduce dimensia/stroke
higher the gentetic likedness, higher the alcoholism association
AA is 5-10% effective
acamprosate
- inhibits calcium influx of relapse
naltrexone
reduced reward effects of alc
