DRE 2: CNS Depressants

Question 1

What is Chloral Hydrate?

Answer 1

1. Developed in 1832 and utilized clinically in 1869
2. Derived from alcohol
3. Sedative used in short-term treatment of insomnia and to relieve anxiety and induce sleep before surgery.
4. “Notec” is a registered brand name of Chloral Hydrate.

Question 2

Major Sub-Categories of CNS Depressants

Answer 2

1. barbiturates
2. non-barbiturates
3. anti-anxiety tranquilizers
4. Antidepressants

Question 3

Clues on how to recognize what category drugs fall under:

Answer 3

1. Ending in ‘barbital’ is indicative of a barbiturate
2. Ending in ‘pams’ or ‘lams’ are indicative of antianxiety tranquilizers
3. Ending in ‘pines’ are indicative of antidepressants

Question 4

Examples of non-barbiturates

Answer 4

Xyram (GHB), Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Zopiclone (Lunesta)

Question 5

Examples of anti-anxiety tranquilizers

Answer 5

Xanax or Niravam

Question 6

Methods of Ingestion

Answer 6

1. Orally – most common and easiest method
2. Insufflation – slow but long lasting
3. Injection – experience is a “flash” or “rush”

Question 7

Possible effects of CNS Depressants

Answer 7

1. Reduced inhibitions
2. Divided attention impairment
3. Slowed reflexes
4. Impaired judgement and concentration
5. Impaired vision
6. Lack of coordination
7. Slurred, mumbled, or incoherent speech
8. Emotional instability

Question 8

Overdose Signs and Symptoms

Answer 8

1. Drowsiness or pass out
2. Heartbeat will be rapid and weak
3. Respiration will be shallow
4. Skin may feel cold and clammy

Question 9

Expected Results of Evaluation: CNS Depressants for HGN, VGN, LOC

Answer 9

1. HGN: Present
2. VGN: Present (high dose for that individual)
3. LOC: Present