DRE 2: CNS Depressants Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chloral Hydrate?

A
  1. Developed in 1832 and utilized clinically in 1869
  2. Derived from alcohol
  3. Sedative used in short-term treatment of insomnia and to relieve anxiety and induce sleep before surgery.
  4. “Notec” is a registered brand name of Chloral Hydrate.
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2
Q

Major Sub-Categories of CNS Depressants

A
  1. barbiturates
  2. non-barbiturates
  3. anti-anxiety tranquilizers
  4. Antidepressants
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3
Q

Clues on how to recognize what category drugs fall under:

A
  1. Ending in ‘barbital’ is indicative of a barbiturate
  2. Ending in ‘pams’ or ‘lams’ are indicative of antianxiety tranquilizers
  3. Ending in ‘pines’ are indicative of antidepressants
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4
Q

Examples of non-barbiturates

A

Xyram (GHB), Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Zopiclone (Lunesta)

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5
Q

Examples of anti-anxiety tranquilizers

A

Xanax or Niravam

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6
Q

Methods of Ingestion

A
  1. Orally – most common and easiest method
  2. Insufflation – slow but long lasting
  3. Injection – experience is a “flash” or “rush”
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7
Q

Possible effects of CNS Depressants

A
  1. Reduced inhibitions
  2. Divided attention impairment
  3. Slowed reflexes
  4. Impaired judgement and concentration
  5. Impaired vision
  6. Lack of coordination
  7. Slurred, mumbled, or incoherent speech
  8. Emotional instability
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8
Q

Overdose Signs and Symptoms

A
  1. Drowsiness or pass out
  2. Heartbeat will be rapid and weak
  3. Respiration will be shallow
  4. Skin may feel cold and clammy
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9
Q

Expected Results of Evaluation: CNS Depressants for HGN, VGN, LOC

A
  1. HGN: Present
  2. VGN: Present (high dose for that individual)
  3. LOC: Present
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