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DRE NOV/DEC 2019 > DRE 1 > Flashcards

DRE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Give 3 important reasons for conducting DEC evaluations in a standardized fashion

A

Help avoid mistakes
Promote and maintain professionalism and consistency among DREs
Help secure the court’s acceptance of your testimony

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2
Q

12 components of the drug evaluation process

A
  1. Breath Test
  2. Interview with arresting officer
  3. Preliminary exam
  4. Eye exam
  5. Divided attention test
  6. Clinical indicators exam
  7. Dark room exam
  8. Muscle tone exam
  9. Injection site exam
  10. Subject interview
  11. Opinion of the evaluator
  12. Toxicology examination
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3
Q

How many times is a pulse rate taken?

A
  1. Steps 3, 6, and 9
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4
Q

What are the 3 muscle tones?

A

Flaccid, normal, and rigid

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5
Q

What are the examinations of clinical indicators?

A

Pulse, blood pressure, and temperature.

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6
Q

Divided attention tests

A

Modified Romberg balance
Walk and turn
One leg stand
Finger to nose

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7
Q

Initial checks of eyes

A

Pupil size
Assessment of tracking ability
Initial estimate of nystagmus angle of onset

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8
Q

Pupil size estimations

A

Room light
Near total darkness
Direct light

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9
Q

Types of toxicology samples

A

Urine - must be witnessed by officer

blood - should bree drawn by qualified technician

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10
Q

Example of CNS depressant

A

Diazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam

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11
Q

Example of inhalants

A

Gasoline, amyl nitrate, toluene

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12
Q

Example of dissociative anesthetics

A

Phencyclidine, ketamine, PCP

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13
Q

Examples of cannabis

A

Marijuana, hash oil, marinol, shatter

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14
Q

Examples of CNS stimulants

A

Cocaine, amphetamines, ritalin

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15
Q

Examples of hallucinogens

A

LSD, MDMA, Peyote

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16
Q

Examples of narcotic analgesics

A

Methadone, hydrocodone, opium, codeine, heroin, fentanyl

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17
Q

2 drug categories that usually cause a lowering of pulse rate and blood

A

Depressants and narcotic analgesics

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18
Q

Define drug

A

Any substance which can be taken into the human body that can impair one’s ability to operate a conveyance

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19
Q

What to stand on first for. OLS

A

Left

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20
Q

3 drug categories that will usually induce HGN

A

Depressants, inhalants, dissociative anesthetics

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21
Q

Higher number for BP?

A

Systolic

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22
Q

Period of time suspect estimates during Modified Romberg

A

60 seconds

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23
Q

Normal range of pupil in room light

A

2.5mm-5.0mm

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24
Q

Pupil range for near total darkness

A

5.0mm-8.5mm

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25
Q

Pupil range for direct light

A

2.0mm-4.5mm

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26
Q

Name for pulse point located in crease of wrists

A

Radial

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27
Q

Officer notices unequal size greater than 0.5mm. What type of condition is it?

A

Head injury

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28
Q

How many validated clues does the fingerr to nose test have?

A

None

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29
Q

Drug category for chloral hydrate is?

A

CNS depressants q

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30
Q

Active ingredient in cannabis

A

THC tetrahydrocannabinol

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31
Q

Normal range for higher value for bp

A

120-140

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32
Q

2 organs alcohol is absorbed

A

Stomach and small intestine

33
Q

Normal range for pulse

A

60-90

34
Q

Amount of validated clues for walk and turn

A

8

35
Q

Where is alcohol metabolized

A

Liver

36
Q

Normal diastolic range

A

70-90

37
Q

Bruxism is usually associated to

A

CNS stimulants

38
Q

Drug category causes constricting of pupils

A

Narcotic analgesics

39
Q

Amount of validated clues for OLS

A

4

40
Q

What it’s blood pressure

A

Force of the circulating blood exerts on the walls of the arteries

41
Q

How is blood pressure measured

A

Millimetres of mercury (mmHg)

42
Q

Device used for measuring bp

A

Sphygmomanometer

43
Q

Components of sphygmomanometer

A 
Manometer (pressure gauge)
Tubes
Compression cuff
Pressure control valve
Pressure bulb
44
Q

Phases in Korotkoff sounds

A 
Phase 1: clear Tapping sounds
Phase 2: changes to murmer, swishing sound
Phase 3: loud knocking sound
Phase 4: muffled faint swishing
Phase 5: sound ceases
45
Q

Hypertension is

A

Abnormally high bp

46
Q

Hypotension is

A

Abnormally low bp

47
Q

When do the Korotkoff sounds begin

A

At the systolic level when the blood begins to spurt through the brachial artery

48
Q

Where is the Radial Artery pulse point?

A

Crease of wrist

49
Q

What is the symbol Hg?

A

Mercury

50
Q

Name and describe the major components of a Sphygmomanometer.

A

Compression cuff, Pressure bulb, Manometer, Pressure control valve, Tubes

51
Q

Which of the seven categories of drugs generally will cause blood pressure to be elevated?

A

CNS Stimulants, Hallucinogens, Dissociative Anesthetics, Inhalants, Cannabis

52
Q

Why is it so important to perform the drug influence evaluation in exactly the same way, every time?

A 
Ensures no mistakes are made
No steps are omitted
Eliminates extraneous or unreliable “indicators”
Promotes professionalism
Helps secure acceptance in court
53
Q

The preliminary examination consists of

A

Questions
Observations of face, breath, and speech
Initial checks of the eyes
The initial check of the subject’s pulse

54
Q

Give three important reasons for conducting DEC evaluations in a standardized fashion.

A

Help avoid mistakes, help promote and maintain professionalism and consistency among DREs, and help secure the court’s acceptance of your testimony.

55
Q

What period of time must the suspect estimate during the Modified Romberg Test?

A

30 seconds

56
Q

The normal range of pupil size in room light is 2.5 millimeters to ___ millimeters

A

5mm

57
Q

During the eye exam, the evaluating officer notices the pupils are of unequal size, greater than 0.5 millimeters. This could indicate what type of condition?

A

Head injury

58
Q

The category that Chloral Hydrate belongs to is

A

CNS Depressants

59
Q

The normal range for the higher value of blood pressure is :

A

120-140

60
Q

The normal range of pulse is

A

60-90

61
Q

The normal diastolic range is

A

70-90

62
Q 
Which of the following usually will not increase pulse rate?
A.  Heroin
B.  Cannabis
C.  Ketamine
D.  Diazepam
A

Answer : A. & D. Heroin & Diazepam

63
Q

Bruxism is usually associated with someone under the influence of :

A

CNS Stimulants

64
Q

“Average” Within DEC Program

A

“Average” or “Expected value” or “Expected range” is a quantity that represents the “middle” or “typical” value the majority of healthy, non-impaired people would exhibit or have in a specific test measured numerically.

65
Q

“Normal” Within DEC Program

A

“Normal” describes both a range of values or results “close to” average or “expected”, but can be above or below the “average” value for the majority of healthy non-impaired people as well as to describe unremarkable muscle tone, etc.

66
Q

Opinion versus Diagnosis

A

Opinion – Judgment based on special knowledge and experience

Diagnosis – Legal and medical conclusion reached by someone with medical experience and expertise

67
Q

MURDERS INC

A 
M is for Muscular System
U is for Urinary System
R  is for Respiratory System
D is for Digestive System
E  is for Endocrine System
R  is for Reproductive System
S  is for Skeletal System

I is for Integumentary System
N is for Nervous System*
C is for Circulatory System*

68
Q

Muscular System

A

We assess the muscular system in the drug influence evaluation when we test coordination and balance by administering divided attention tests and when we check for muscle rigidity.

69
Q

3 types of muscles

A

Smooth, Striated, and heart/cardiac

70
Q

What do smooth muscles do?

A

control breathing, the operation of the pyloric valve (a muscle located at the base of the stomach), dilation and constriction of pupils, and all other things we do not consciously control

71
Q

What do striated muscles do?

A

carry out our voluntary movements

72
Q

Describe the urinary system

A

Drugs can usually be detected in the urine and collection of a urine specimen or other suitable bodily substance is an important part of the drug influence evaluation.

The system consists of two kidneys, the bladder, ureters connecting the kidneys to the bladder, and the urethra which transports the urine out of the body.
Kidneys filter waste or harmful products, such as drugs and their metabolites, from the blood and dump these waste products into the bladder.

73
Q

Describe endocrine system

A

The Endocrine System is made up of a number of different glands that secrete hormones. Some drugs can mimic the effects of certain hormones or can react with the hormones in ways that alter the hormones’ effects.

74
Q

Describe Reproductive System

A 
The functions of the reproductive system fall into two categories: 
self-producing (cytogenic)
hormone producing (endocrinic)
75
Q

Describe Integumentary System

A

Consists of the skin, hair, finger nails and toe nails, and accessory structures.
DREs examine the skin for hypodermic injection sites and for sweating, clamminess, and temperature.

The chief functions of the Integumentary System include protection of the body, control of the body temperature, excretion of wastes (i.e., through sweat) and sensory perception.

76
Q

Define homeostatis

A

Dynamic balance, or steady state, involving levels of salts, water, sugars and other material in the body’s fluids.

77
Q

What is “out of balance?”

A

Non-substance-abusing people who are sick have signs and symptoms of being “out of balance.” In other words, their homeostasis is “out of balance”, and they do not want to experience these effects.

They want to get their homeostasis back “in balance” to feel better (”like usual”), so physicians may prescribe them drugs or medications to help put them in balance.

78
Q

Neuron’s main parts

A

the cell body - contains the nucleus, which contains the cell’s DNA and is responsible for protein production and packaging.
the axon - sends out the neurotransmitter, or chemical messenger
the dendrite - the part that receives the neurotransmitter.

DRE NOV/DEC 2019 (18 decks)

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