DRE 1 Flashcards
Give 3 important reasons for conducting DEC evaluations in a standardized fashion
Help avoid mistakes
Promote and maintain professionalism and consistency among DREs
Help secure the court’s acceptance of your testimony
12 components of the drug evaluation process
- Breath Test
- Interview with arresting officer
- Preliminary exam
- Eye exam
- Divided attention test
- Clinical indicators exam
- Dark room exam
- Muscle tone exam
- Injection site exam
- Subject interview
- Opinion of the evaluator
- Toxicology examination
How many times is a pulse rate taken?
- Steps 3, 6, and 9
What are the 3 muscle tones?
Flaccid, normal, and rigid
What are the examinations of clinical indicators?
Pulse, blood pressure, and temperature.
Divided attention tests
Modified Romberg balance
Walk and turn
One leg stand
Finger to nose
Initial checks of eyes
Pupil size
Assessment of tracking ability
Initial estimate of nystagmus angle of onset
Pupil size estimations
Room light
Near total darkness
Direct light
Types of toxicology samples
Urine - must be witnessed by officer
blood - should bree drawn by qualified technician
Example of CNS depressant
Diazepam, clonazepam, alprazolam
Example of inhalants
Gasoline, amyl nitrate, toluene
Example of dissociative anesthetics
Phencyclidine, ketamine, PCP
Examples of cannabis
Marijuana, hash oil, marinol, shatter
Examples of CNS stimulants
Cocaine, amphetamines, ritalin
Examples of hallucinogens
LSD, MDMA, Peyote
Examples of narcotic analgesics
Methadone, hydrocodone, opium, codeine, heroin, fentanyl
2 drug categories that usually cause a lowering of pulse rate and blood
Depressants and narcotic analgesics
Define drug
Any substance which can be taken into the human body that can impair one’s ability to operate a conveyance
What to stand on first for. OLS
Left
3 drug categories that will usually induce HGN
Depressants, inhalants, dissociative anesthetics
Higher number for BP?
Systolic
Period of time suspect estimates during Modified Romberg
60 seconds
Normal range of pupil in room light
2.5mm-5.0mm
Pupil range for near total darkness
5.0mm-8.5mm
Pupil range for direct light
2.0mm-4.5mm
Name for pulse point located in crease of wrists
Radial
Officer notices unequal size greater than 0.5mm. What type of condition is it?
Head injury
How many validated clues does the fingerr to nose test have?
None
Drug category for chloral hydrate is?
CNS depressants q
Active ingredient in cannabis
THC tetrahydrocannabinol
Normal range for higher value for bp
120-140
2 organs alcohol is absorbed
Stomach and small intestine
Normal range for pulse
60-90
Amount of validated clues for walk and turn
8
Where is alcohol metabolized
Liver
Normal diastolic range
70-90
Bruxism is usually associated to
CNS stimulants
Drug category causes constricting of pupils
Narcotic analgesics
Amount of validated clues for OLS
4
What it’s blood pressure
Force of the circulating blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
How is blood pressure measured
Millimetres of mercury (mmHg)
Device used for measuring bp
Sphygmomanometer
Components of sphygmomanometer
Manometer (pressure gauge) Tubes Compression cuff Pressure control valve Pressure bulb
Phases in Korotkoff sounds
Phase 1: clear Tapping sounds Phase 2: changes to murmer, swishing sound Phase 3: loud knocking sound Phase 4: muffled faint swishing Phase 5: sound ceases
Hypertension is
Abnormally high bp
Hypotension is
Abnormally low bp
When do the Korotkoff sounds begin
At the systolic level when the blood begins to spurt through the brachial artery
Where is the Radial Artery pulse point?
Crease of wrist
What is the symbol Hg?
Mercury
Name and describe the major components of a Sphygmomanometer.
Compression cuff, Pressure bulb, Manometer, Pressure control valve, Tubes
Which of the seven categories of drugs generally will cause blood pressure to be elevated?
CNS Stimulants, Hallucinogens, Dissociative Anesthetics, Inhalants, Cannabis
Why is it so important to perform the drug influence evaluation in exactly the same way, every time?
Ensures no mistakes are made No steps are omitted Eliminates extraneous or unreliable “indicators” Promotes professionalism Helps secure acceptance in court
The preliminary examination consists of
Questions
Observations of face, breath, and speech
Initial checks of the eyes
The initial check of the subject’s pulse
Give three important reasons for conducting DEC evaluations in a standardized fashion.
Help avoid mistakes, help promote and maintain professionalism and consistency among DREs, and help secure the court’s acceptance of your testimony.
What period of time must the suspect estimate during the Modified Romberg Test?
30 seconds
The normal range of pupil size in room light is 2.5 millimeters to ___ millimeters
5mm
During the eye exam, the evaluating officer notices the pupils are of unequal size, greater than 0.5 millimeters. This could indicate what type of condition?
Head injury
The category that Chloral Hydrate belongs to is
CNS Depressants
The normal range for the higher value of blood pressure is :
120-140
The normal range of pulse is
60-90
The normal diastolic range is
70-90
Which of the following usually will not increase pulse rate? A. Heroin B. Cannabis C. Ketamine D. Diazepam
Answer : A. & D. Heroin & Diazepam
Bruxism is usually associated with someone under the influence of :
CNS Stimulants
“Average” Within DEC Program
“Average” or “Expected value” or “Expected range” is a quantity that represents the “middle” or “typical” value the majority of healthy, non-impaired people would exhibit or have in a specific test measured numerically.
“Normal” Within DEC Program
“Normal” describes both a range of values or results “close to” average or “expected”, but can be above or below the “average” value for the majority of healthy non-impaired people as well as to describe unremarkable muscle tone, etc.
Opinion versus Diagnosis
Opinion – Judgment based on special knowledge and experience
Diagnosis – Legal and medical conclusion reached by someone with medical experience and expertise
MURDERS INC
M is for Muscular System U is for Urinary System R is for Respiratory System D is for Digestive System E is for Endocrine System R is for Reproductive System S is for Skeletal System
I is for Integumentary System
N is for Nervous System*
C is for Circulatory System*
Muscular System
We assess the muscular system in the drug influence evaluation when we test coordination and balance by administering divided attention tests and when we check for muscle rigidity.
3 types of muscles
Smooth, Striated, and heart/cardiac
What do smooth muscles do?
control breathing, the operation of the pyloric valve (a muscle located at the base of the stomach), dilation and constriction of pupils, and all other things we do not consciously control
What do striated muscles do?
carry out our voluntary movements
Describe the urinary system
Drugs can usually be detected in the urine and collection of a urine specimen or other suitable bodily substance is an important part of the drug influence evaluation.
The system consists of two kidneys, the bladder, ureters connecting the kidneys to the bladder, and the urethra which transports the urine out of the body.
Kidneys filter waste or harmful products, such as drugs and their metabolites, from the blood and dump these waste products into the bladder.
Describe endocrine system
The Endocrine System is made up of a number of different glands that secrete hormones. Some drugs can mimic the effects of certain hormones or can react with the hormones in ways that alter the hormones’ effects.
Describe Reproductive System
The functions of the reproductive system fall into two categories: self-producing (cytogenic) hormone producing (endocrinic)
Describe Integumentary System
Consists of the skin, hair, finger nails and toe nails, and accessory structures.
DREs examine the skin for hypodermic injection sites and for sweating, clamminess, and temperature.
The chief functions of the Integumentary System include protection of the body, control of the body temperature, excretion of wastes (i.e., through sweat) and sensory perception.
Define homeostatis
Dynamic balance, or steady state, involving levels of salts, water, sugars and other material in the body’s fluids.
What is “out of balance?”
Non-substance-abusing people who are sick have signs and symptoms of being “out of balance.” In other words, their homeostasis is “out of balance”, and they do not want to experience these effects.
They want to get their homeostasis back “in balance” to feel better (”like usual”), so physicians may prescribe them drugs or medications to help put them in balance.
Neuron’s main parts
the cell body - contains the nucleus, which contains the cell’s DNA and is responsible for protein production and packaging.
the axon - sends out the neurotransmitter, or chemical messenger
the dendrite - the part that receives the neurotransmitter.
