Dr In Training Flashcards
MHC
Allow leukocytes and cels to communicate
Mhc1
On all nucleated cells, antigen presenting cells, platelets, never RBC
Willl present self or antigen
HLA-A, B, C
Presents antigen synthesized endogenously
One long chain a1,a2,a3
One short b1
Peptide bingeing groove between a1,q2
MHCII
On antigen presenting cell
Loci is HLA-DP, all have two letters
Bind CD4
Present non endogenous
2 equal chain, a1, a2, b1, b2
Loaded after invariant chain is acidified in endosomes
Class II
MHC I loaded through RER
APC
TH1, TH2, TH17, Treg
What activates TH1
IFN-y, IL12
What does TH1 make
IFN-y
What does TH1 activate
Macrophages, cytotoxic T cells
Problem with TH1
Increased susceptibility to microbacterial diseases
What activate TH2
IL2, IL4
Where are TH2
Mucosa gut and nasal passages
What TH2 secrete
IL4, 5, 6, 10, 13
What TH2 activate
Eosinophils and promote IgE for nasty worms
What makes TH17
TGFB, IL6,
What TH17 make
IL17, 21, 22
Job TH17
Recruit neutrophils for fungal and bacterial cells
Treg
Keep other cells from getting ahead
What induce Treg
TGFB, IL12
What T reg make
TGFB, IL10, IL35
IL4 IL10 from TH2
Inhibit TH1
IFNy from TH1
Inhibit TH1 and TH17
IL6 from TH2
Inhibits T reg
T cell precursor
In bone marrow
Where T cell go to mature
Thymus
In thymic cortex
Positive selection -assures T cell can bind MHC and if better with class I or 2
Class I CD8
MHC2 CD4
One differentiated
Moves to medulla for negative selection
Negative selection
Strong bind self antigen-apoptosis, AIRE allows tissue restricted self antigens to be expressed (with out Polyendocrine immune syndrome1)
CD8
Cytotoxic kill virus infected, neoplastic, and donor graft cells
CD4
Helper and differentiate into subsets
IL1
Fever and acute inflammation hen come in contact with pathogen-generalized inflammation
Chemokine secretion to get more wbc
IL6
Fever
Stimulates acute phase protein(increase CRP)
Il8
Main chemotactic factor for neutrophils
-clean up isle 8
Interleukin 12
Induces differentiation
Activates NK cells
TNFa
Activates endothelium and vascular leak (can lead to hypotension and shock)
Those were macrophages
Ok
T cell
IL2 IL3
IL2
Stimulates growth of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells
IL3
Supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow in stem cells
TH1
IFNy
IFNY
Stimulates macrophages, inhibits TH2 cells, activating NK (antiviral)
TH2
IL4, 5, 13
IL4,
Induces T cells->TH3
Promotes growth of B cells
Promotes class switching of IgE->IgG
Ain’t too proud 2 BEG 4 work
IL5
Promotes growth and differentiation of B cells
Enhances switching to IgA
Stimulates growth and differentiation of eosinophils
IL10
Modulates inflammatory response
Decrease MHCII and TH1 cytokines
Inhibits macrophages and dendritic cells
Secreted by Treg and TH2
HOT T Bone steak
Il1 hot
Il2 stilate T cell
IL3 stimulate bone marrow for more leukocytes
IL4 IgE production
Il5 IgA production
IL6 stimulate aKute phase protein production
Leukocyte extravasation
Getting wbc out of bloodstream and into tissues
4 steps
1
Neutrophil sticky ROLLING on vascular endothelium, bounding , rolling and endothelium can select by selectin
E selectin
Endothelial cells
P selectin
Platelets
L selectin
Leukocytes
Are selectin always expressed
No acute phase cytokine il1, 6, TNFa make endothelial cells stickier a
Step 2
Tight binding
ICAM-1 on endothelial cells LFA1 on leukocytes (integrin)
Step 3
Diapedesis
Leukocyte go in between PECAM1 in intracellular junctions go through
Ok
Step 4
Migration
Through interstitial to place need to go based on chemotactic signals
Neutrophil chemotactic factos
C5a IL8, LTB4, kallirein
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Defective DNA repair
Ataxic gait facial telangiectasis
Poor smooth pursuit with the eyes
Elevated AFP
Bruton agammaglobuliminemia
X linked tyrosine kinase defiency
Low levels of all IgG isotopes
Digeorge disease
2q11 deletion
Defective development of 3rd and 4th branchial pouches
Hypocalcemia
Thymic aplasia
SCID
Defective DNA repairadenosine deaminase defiency
Infections, diarrhea, failure to thrive
Thymic aplasia (absent thymic shadow on new born )
