DR 3 - Pre-action considerations and ADR Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aims of the Pre-Action Protocols?

A

Encourage openness between parties and resolve disputes early without going to court

They aim to help parties share essential information to facilitate settlement as soon as possible. If a settlement isn’t reached, the protocols lay a foundation for a faster court process.

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2
Q

What should a defendant do if they intend to admit liability?

A

Do so early and clearly.

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3
Q

What may happen if a party ignores an ADR proposal?

A

It may be seen as unreasonable.

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4
Q

What are the consequences of non-compliance with pre-action protocols?

A

The court may impose penalties related to costs and interest.

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5
Q

What exemptions exist for non-compliance with pre-action requirements?

A

Imminent expiration of time limits and urgency or element of surprise.

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6
Q

What is the limitation period for personal injury claims?

A

3 years of the latest of:
(a) the date when the cause of action accrued; or
(b) the date of knowledge of the person injured.

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7
Q

Define ‘date of knowledge’ in the context of personal injury claims and fatal accidents.

A

PI - Knowing that the injury is significant, that it attributed to wrongdoing, and identity of the defendant.

FA - You are looking at this from the perspective of the dependent and not the injured.

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8
Q

What is the limitation period for fatal accident claims?

A

3 years from the date of death or knowledge of the facts.

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9
Q

What can the court do regarding extension of time for personal injury or fatal accidents?

A

Extend time if equitable, considering conduct, reasons for delay, and effect on evidence.

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10
Q

What is the limitation period for latent damage?

A

In negligence claims (other than claims for personal injury), the limitation period is extended to the later of:
(a) Six years from when the cause of action accrued; or
(b) Three years from when he had the requisite: (i) knowledge; and (ii) right to bring a claim.

Subject to max limit of 15 years from the date of the latest negligent act which caused all or part of the damage.

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11
Q

What is the limitation period for tort and contract claims?

A

6 years after the date on which the cause of action accrued.

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12
Q

When does the limitation period start for a claimant under a disability?

A

When the disability ends.

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13
Q

In fraud cases, when does the limitation period start to run?

A

When the claimant discovers the fraud or could have discovered it with reasonable diligence.

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14
Q

What are the types of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)?

A
  • Negotiation
  • Mediation
  • Arbitration
  • Med-arb
  • Early neutral evaluation
  • Expert determination
  • Conciliation
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15
Q

What is the role of lawyers in ADR?

A
  • Inform clients of ADR options
  • Support clients’ ADR decisions
  • Act within the client’s settlement authority
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16
Q

What factors suggest that ADR should be attempted earlier?

A
  • Cost saving
  • Better relationships and information
17
Q

What factors suggest that ADR should be attempted later?

A
  • Better understanding of each other’s case
  • Better understanding of available evidence
18
Q

What does the court expect from parties regarding ADR?

A

To explore ADR and can impose sanctions if they do not.

19
Q

What can the court do to encourage ADR engagement?

A
  • Provide information about ADR
  • Encourage parties to consider ADR
20
Q

What happens if a party refuses to engage in ADR but is successful in litigation?

A

The court will consider the reasonableness of the refusal and may impose a costs penalty.

21
Q

What should a party do if offered ADR?

A

Consider engaging in the ADR process.

22
Q

What penalties may a party face for refusing an invitation to use ADR?

A

A party may face penalties for refusing an invitation to use ADR

The court’s stance changes if a party did not suggest ADR.

23
Q

Will the court refuse to award costs to a successful party that did not suggest ADR?

A

No, the court will not refuse to award costs simply because ADR was not suggested

However, consequences may arise if this failure violates a court order or pre-action protocols.

24
Q

How is silence in response to an offer of ADR likely to be interpreted?

A

Silence is likely to be considered unreasonable and may be sanctioned in costs

This is unless the parties are already engaged in a form of ADR.

25
Q

What should a party do if offered ADR?

A

A party should:
* Consider the merits of the offer with legal advisors
* Respond promptly in writing
* Explain the circumstances under which it would agree to ADR
* Use ‘open’ or ‘without prejudice save as to costs’ in the letter
* Make a separate note of reasons for refusal

It is rare to indicate that ADR will never be appropriate.

26
Q

What powers does the court have to encourage ADR at a CMC?

A

The court can:
* Order a stay for parties to explore ADR
* Direct parties to consider ADR and require explanations
* Require a witness statement explaining ADR refusals

These measures can be reviewed if costs arise.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: Silence in the face of an offer to engage in ADR is likely to be considered ______.

A

unreasonable

28
Q

True or False: A party can indicate that ADR will never be appropriate.