(DONE) Chapter 3 & 4 - Lecture 3

Question 1

equivalent statement

Answer 1

• relate one unit to another

- 1.000 m = 100.0 cm

Question 2

conversion factors

Answer 2

• relate one unit to another as a ratio for use in a mathematical operation

Question 3

What temperature is density usually given at?

Answer 3

25 degrees celcius

Question 4

matter

Answer 4

• anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 5

mass (2)

Answer 5

• unaffected by location

- defined as a resistance to acceleration

Question 6

state of matter: solid (2)

Answer 6

• non compressible

- definite shape and volume

Question 7

state of matter: liquid (4)

Answer 7

• slightly compressible
• flows
• infinite shape
• definite volume

Question 8

state of matter: gas (2)

Answer 8

• readily compressible

- takes shape and volume of container

Question 9

melting

Answer 9

• solid to liquid

Question 10

solidification/ freezing

Answer 10

• liquid to solid

Question 11

evaporation

Answer 11

• liquid to gas

Question 12

condensation

Answer 12

• gas to liquid

Question 13

sublimation

Answer 13

• solid to gas skipping liquid state

Question 14

deposition

Answer 14

• gas to solid skipping liquid state

Question 15

extensive properties of matter (plus example)

Answer 15

• property dependent on the amount of substance

- mass, volume, etc.

Question 16

intensive properties of matter (plus example)

Answer 16

• Property independent on the amount of substance

- temperature, melting point, density, odor

Question 17

physical properties (plus example)

Answer 17

• Can be observed without the substance changing into another
• Color, texture, boiling point

Question 18

physical changes (plus example)

Answer 18

• No change in the chemical composition of matter

- Change in physical state

Question 19

Chemical properties

Answer 19

• Properties that show when its undergoing a change in composition OR resists a change
• Rusting iron, golds ability to not rust

Question 20

Chemical change (2 and example)

Answer 20

• change in chemical composition
• always produces at least one new substance
• example: wood burns and produces water

Question 21

evidence of chemical change (5)

Answer 21

• Gas evolution
• Change in colour
• Change in odour
• Change in temperature
• Formation or disappearance of a solid

Question 22

pure substance (3)

Answer 22

• sample of matter with both definite and constant composition and distinct chemical properties throughout sample
• Single kind of matter
• Can only be separated by chemical reactions

Question 23

mixture (4)

Answer 23

• Physical combination of two or more substances
• Varied properties
• Composition may vary from sample to sample
• Mixtures can be separated by physical means

Question 24

Heterogeneous mixtures (2)

Answer 24

• 2 or more phases (with same or different physical states)

- Each phase has different properties and are visibly different

Question 25

Homogenous mixture

Answer 25

• 1 phase (region where all matter has the same physical properties)

Question 26

element (2)

Answer 26

• Substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means
• Building blocks of all matter

Question 27

compound (2)

Answer 27

• substance that can be broken down into 2 or more simpler substances
• ultimately broken down to elements

Question 28

atoms (3)

Answer 28

• Smallest particle of an element
• Periodic table is made up of the atomic symbols of known atoms
• Elements contain only one type of atoms

Question 29

molecules (2)

Answer 29

• Group of two or more atoms that functions as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together
• May contain one or more types of atoms

Question 30

physical separation techniques (5)

Answer 30

• By eye
• Filtration: separate solid and liquid
• Distillation: separate two or more liquids with different boiling points
• Selective condensation: separate gases with different condensation temperature
• Chromatography: separate pure liquids or solutions of compounds