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NBCOT > Domain 3 > Flashcards

Domain 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory modulation problem

A

inability of CNS to regulate responses to sensory input from common daily stimuli resulting in: hyper-responsive, hypo-responsive, sensory-seeking

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2
Q

Sensory processing

A

Ability of the CNS to interpret and regulate responses to sensory input

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3
Q

Hypo- responsiveness

A

A form of sensory modulation in which the central nervous system is slow to register or process sensory input Behavioral characteristics include but are not limited to lack of response to:
socially-relevant signals
painful stimuli
alarms and flashing lights

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4
Q

Tactile defensiveness

A 
Inability of the central nervous system to regulate tactile input resulting in overreaction to ordinary touch sensations on the skin or in the mouth Behavioral manifestations may include:
extreme discomfort
emotional outbursts
aggression
anxiety
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5
Q

Gravitational insecurity

A

Inability of the central nervous system to regulate vestibular input resulting in overreaction to changes in head position and movement during ordinary activities Behavioral manifestations may include intense fear or avoidance of:
riding on toys
heights
gross motor activities

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6
Q

Emotional regulation development: Neurophysiologic modulation phase

A

Phase of emotion regulation development, occurring between birth and 2-3 months of age Characterized by ability to:
regulate arousal (e.g., self-soothe, respond to parental soothing)
activate organized patterns of behavior (e.g., routine sleep-wake cycles)

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7
Q

Emotional regulation development: Sensorimotor modulation phase

A

Phase of emotion regulation development, occurring between 3-9 months of age Characterized by:
enjoyment of sensorimotor play
sensory exploration
possible sensory modulation challenges

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8
Q

Emotional regulation development: Control phase

A

Phase of emotion regulation development, occurring between 12-18 months of age Characterized by:
emerging awareness of social demands
varying levels of inhibition and compliance
self-initiated monitoring related to an understanding of consequences

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9
Q

Emotional regulation development: Self-control phase

A

Phase of emotion regulation development, occurring between 24-48 months of age Characterized by:
emerging sense of identity
demonstrated knowledge of social rules
minimal flexibility and adaptation to change

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10
Q

Emotional regulation development: Self-regulation phase

A

Phase of emotion regulation development, occurring between 36 months of age and older Characterized by emerging:
flexibility to adapt to unexpected change
self-awareness
capacity to evaluate own behavior

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11
Q

Stage of motor learning: Perceptual learning

A

Stage of motor learning development, occurring between 3-6 months of age where the infant uses perceptual skills developed through exploration Characterized by:
more accurate and direct reach
consistency of movement patterns
engagement in trial-and-error learning

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12
Q

Stage of motor learning: Skill achievement

A

Stage of motor learning development, occurring between 6–9 months of age Characterized by:
high adaptability
both perceptual learning and increased self-organization
using action patterns that are orderly and efficient

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13
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A 
Neurodevelopmental disorder commonly referred to as a pervasive developmental disorder May be characterized by a wide range of:
social dysfunction
stereotypical behavior patterns
perseverative thoughts or interests
sensory processing deficits
executive dysfunction
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14
Q

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder

A 
Neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inappropriate or excessive display of one or more of the following behaviors:
inattention
restlessness
impulsivity
emotional dysregulation
sensory processing
social immaturity
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15
Q

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A 
Congenital birth defect secondary to gestational exposure to alcohol resulting in mild to severe impairment in one or more of the following areas of development:
physical
cognitive
social
behavior
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16
Q

Righting reactions (3)

A

Postural reflex present from approximately 3 months to 6 months of age that functions to orient the body in response to visual and vestibular input Examples include:
neck on body
body on body
body on head

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17
Q

Protective extension

A

Postural response present at approximately 6 months of age and continues throughout life, characterized by reflexive straightening of the upper extremities in response to a loss of balance

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18
Q

Equilibrium reaction

A

Postural reflex present at approximately 6 months of age and continues throughout the life span Reflexive response to help maintain or recover balance, includes shifting the body to reorient to midline

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19
Q

Developmental dyspraxia

A 
Neurodevelopmental disorder (also called developmental coordination disorder) Characterized by:
clumsiness and poor coordination
motor planning deficits
learning difficulties
perceptual deficits (visual and motor)
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20
Q

Sensory-seeking behavior

A

Actions characterized by craving input from a variety of senses and experiences, typically associated with:
altered sensory processing ability
challenges with regulation of arousal level
atypical praxis
hyper- or hypo-responsivity

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21
Q

Protective factor

A

Factors in the social environment that support health, wellness, and preparedness for adverse or stressful events, including:
access to supportive relationships and nurturing
awareness of resources
insight and capacity to use coping strategies

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22
Q

Self-verbalization strategies

A

Cognitive strategy where an individual learns to talk out loud to regulate or control behaviors

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23
Q

Video modeling

A

Intervention technique frequently used to teach a specific motor or social skill by having a client/child watch a video of the skill being performed then attempting to imitate the task

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24
Q

Social script

A

Narrative used to promote social participation or a skill to children, written from the perspective of the child, and practiced for use in a variety of contexts Typical narratives relate to:
giving or receiving compliments
asking for or giving help
self-introductions

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25
Q

Social story

A 
Narrative used to promote social participation or a skill to children, written to prepare children how to act and respond in a variety of contexts Consists of four types of sentences:
descriptive
directive
perspective
control/affirmative
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26
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

A

Therapeutic approach used to enhance school function, positive behaviors, and socialization through intensive therapy consisting of reinforcement and daily structure

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27
Q

Stress thermometer

A

Visual feedback scale used for assisting children identify and quantify emotions, moods, or perceptions of their behaviors

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28
Q

Therapeutic sensory diet

A 
Customized program designed to help regulate responses to a variety of sensory input Typically used as an adjunct intervention for children with:
autism spectrum disorder
sensory modulation disorder
sensory seeking behaviors
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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29
Q

Least restrictive environment

A

Academic context allowing students with disabilities to receive their education and all academic and related services in the same setting as children who do not have disabilities

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30
Q

Temperament

A

Behavioral attributes of a personality that influence social interactions in nine areas: activity level Intensity of response rhythmicity approach or withdrawal attention span threshold of response distractibility quality of mood adaptability

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31
Q

In-hand manipulation

A 
Skill requiring control of the palmar arches of the hand to grasp and control objects Five patterns include:
finger-to-palm translation
palm-to-finger translation
shift
simple rotation
complex rotation
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32
Q

Joint protection strategies

A

Techniques used to minimize stress or prevent excessive forces on a joint during daily tasks Principles include:
using the largest joint possible for the task
sliding items and performing tasks bilaterally
modifying the environment
considering adaptive equipment

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33
Q

Energy conservation techniques

A

Strategies to minimize fatigue by reducing task demands or amount of effort exerted during daily routines Includes:
pacing
planning
prioritizing

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34
Q

Activity modifications

A

Adaptations to activities or tools to:
promote a lifestyle change
facilitate independence
reduce injury or health-related risk

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35
Q

Desensitization

A

Intervention to reduce hypersensitivity by exposing the sensitive body part to graded sensory stimuli
*Commonly used following a nerve injury

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36
Q

Sensory re-education

A

Active training strategies used in the presence of a peripheral nerve injury or after a brain injury to enhance sensory awareness or compensate for lack of sensation, distinct categories include:
protective sensory re-education
discriminative sensory re-education

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37
Q

Mirror therapy

A

Motor re-training method that includes using the reflection of the unaffected limb, typically used as an adjunct intervention for:
complex regional pain syndrome
phantom limb pain
hemiparesis

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38
Q

Active exercise

A 
Voluntary contraction and relaxation of muscles to move a body part through the available range of motion, used to:
preserve joint mobility
minimize atrophy
increase strength
increase endurance
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39
Q

Active-assistive exercise

A

Voluntary contraction and relaxation of muscles aided by an external force used with presence of severe muscle weakness to:
restore range of motion
regain muscle strength

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40
Q

Finger blocking exercise

A 
Active exercise that involves isolating a specific joint of the hand by supporting the digit just proximal to the joint being moved, used to:
target a specific joint
restore strength
prevent adhesions
enhance tendon glide
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41
Q

Social skills group

A

Group intervention approach with focus on interactive activities that may address:
empathy development
relationships with others
nonverbal and verbal communication skills
social interactions

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42
Q

Sensorimotor group

A

Intervention used in primarily in pediatric and geriatric settings, includes the provision of sensory experiences through movement or play in a therapeutically structured group

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43
Q

Group leader

A

Role in a therapeutic group that includes:
facilitating participation and process
defining expectations and norms
teaching needed skills
guiding actions toward achieving desired outcomes

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44
Q

Group norms

A

Implicit and explicit rules that govern accepted behaviors and processes in a group Can be established by the group leader or by the members themselves

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45
Q

Group roles

A 
Actions performed by group participants based on the type of group Examples include:
initiator
elaborator
information seeker
recorder
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46
Q

Group dynamics

A

Internal and external factors that influence functioning of a group and its outcomes

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47
Q

Life skills group

A 
Group intervention approach to address acquisition of or barriers to specific skills that promote participation in occupation, may include practical exercises related to:
daily living tasks
conflict resolution
anger management
communication skills
time management
responsibility
clarification of values
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48
Q

Mechanical switch

A 
Type of single-switch interface activated by applying pressure to a button, pad, or lever, used to operate assistive devices, types include:
paddle
plate
button
lever
membrane
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49
Q

Electromagnetic switch

A 
Type of single-switch interface activated through energy such as radio waves or light used to operate assistive devices, types include:
fiber-optic sensor
infrared
sound
touch
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50
Q

Proximity switch

A

Type of single-switch interface activated by close proximity to a detector, used to operate assistive devices and operate light fixtures

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51
Q

Membrane keyboard

A

Alternative keyboard for computer access made up of pressure pads requiring limited hand and arm strength and mobility

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52
Q

Phonation switch

A

Type of single-switch interface activated by speech or sound, used to operate assistive devices such as computers and environmental control units

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53
Q

Joystick

A

Input device consisting of a handle that pivots on a base allowing multi-directional control, often used to operate a power wheelchair, computer, or remote-controlled toys Types include:
proportional (continuous)
switched (discrete)

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54
Q

Feeder chair

A

Positioning aid that provides trunk support for feeding or other short term activity Adjustability allows for upright or reclined position

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55
Q

Trunk support ring

A

Device used in the bathtub to provide external stability of the torso for children seated upright during bathing, typically used in the presence of mild hypotonicity

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56
Q

Hammock chair

A

Device used in the bathtub to safely position a child in supine for bathing, typically used in the presence of poor trunk and head control

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57
Q

Adaptive tools for handwriting

A

Instruments used during interventions in the classroom to enhance proprioceptive feedback during handwriting, examples include:
felt-tip pens
vibratory pens
crayons (scented, glittered, glow-in-the-dark)
weighted pens/pencils
chalk

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58
Q

Adaptive writing surfaces for the classroom

A

Modification made during handwriting interventions often involving a slant-board, upright easel, or white board to enhance upper extremity control for:
manipulation of a writing instrument
promoting upright posture
tracking of the hand’s movement during writing

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59
Q

Trunk stability

A

Ability of the core musculature to maintain posture and stability, influences the quality of movement of the extremities during activities

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60
Q

Tummy time

A

Placement of infant in prone position during periods of wakefulness to facilitate development of oral, fine, and gross motor skills

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61
Q

Adaptive positioning

A 
Modifications made to the position of a client during an activity to optimize trunk stability and postural alignment, intended to improve:
upper extremity control
range of vision
swallowing ability
interactions within the environment
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62
Q

Transition planning for students with an IEP

A

Legal requirement for students enrolled in special education, includes collaboration among student, and relevant others involved in supporting the student to meet post-high school goals, may include:
recommendations for post school environment
establishment of goals for attaining a life skill
services options for supporting the students in adult life

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63
Q

Transition team

A

Persons involved in progressing a student to meet post-high school goals, includes the student and relevant others such as: family OT caregiver PT special ed team speech vocational counselor supported employment rep

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64
Q

Vocational rehabilitation

A 
State-supported program that provides educational and employment services to eligible recipients Services include:
guidance and counseling
job-skills training
job placement
transition services
supported employment
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65
Q

Transition target

A 
Occupation-based service outcomes and goals used as part of the IEP to assist a student transition from high school to adult life Focus may include:
academic achievement
employment integration
community integration
independent living
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66
Q

Social competence

A

Mastery of a complex interaction of social, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral skills needed for social adaptation, includes demonstration of effective:
interpersonal communication
social communication
social skills

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67
Q

Mobile stander

A

Type of mobility device that enables a client with limited lower extremity function to bear weight through the legs in a standing position, includes large wheels for manual propulsion of the device

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68
Q

Prone scooter mobility device

A

Type of mobility device that enables a child with limited lower extremity function engage in floor play while lying on a flat padded board with casters, must have adequate upper extremity strength and head control

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69
Q

Caster cart

A

Type of wheeled seated mobility device that enables a child with limited lower extremity function navigate on flat surfaces, can be self-propelled, with option for battery operated joystick, may be difficult to maintain upright sitting for children with tight hamstrings or LE contractures

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70
Q

Myoelectric prosthesis

A

Type of prosthesis used for a person following amputation that uses electrical signals from existing muscles to control the movement of the artificial limb

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71
Q

Body-powered terminal device

A

Component attached to the distal end of a prosthesis that is operated by forces generated by the body and enables a person to hold and stabilize objects, types include hand and hook designs with voluntary opening or voluntary closing features

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72
Q

Body-powered prosthesis

A

Type of upper limb prosthetic device that is operated using a harness and the movement of the body to generate forces through a cable control system

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73
Q

Reality orientation

A 
Intervention method used for persons with cognitive impairment that includes routine and consistent reminder of:
time, date, and weather
current location
familiar names
roles of people in their support network
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74
Q

Adaptive stroller

A

Type of wheeled, non-motorized transit device that provides supported positioning for children with moderate to severe disabilities; design requires others to push the device and does not enable self-initiated exploration

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75
Q

Walker

A 
Type of mobility device in which the hands maneuver the device in the desired direction, may be wheeled or non-wheeled, used by persons who require external support and stability during ambulation, frame types include:
anterior
posterior
hemi (one-handed)
platform
reciprocal
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76
Q

Sit-to-stand wheelchair feature

A

Power-assist mechanism attached to a seating system that elevates the user to an upright position and allows for:
peer height navigation and interaction
easier transfers from wheelchair to bed

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77
Q

Power-assist units

A

Battery-operated device attached to a seating and mobility system for enhancing independent mobility, types include:
joysticks
sit-to-stand lifters
head controls

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78
Q

Sports wheelchair

A 
Wheeled mobility device specifically designed to enhance maneuverability and speed during athletic and leisure activities, features may include:
light-weight frame
specially designed wheels
all-terrain options
overall stability
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79
Q

Rear-wheel drive wheelchair

A

Feature of a powered wheelchair in which the casters are located at the front of the chair and the drive wheels located toward at the rear of the chair, designed to enhance maneuverability when using hand-operated controls Good option for use over rough terrain

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80
Q

Mid-wheel drive wheelchair

A

Feature of a powered wheelchair that requires a third set of stabilizing caster wheels, designed with smaller turning radius which increases overall maneuverability

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81
Q

Front-wheel drive wheelchair

A

Feature of a powered wheelchair in which the casters are located toward the rear of the chair and the drive wheels located at the front of the chair, designed to enhance maneuverability up and down sloped terrain May be more difficult to maneuver at higher speeds

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82
Q

Drive wheel position

A

Feature of a powered wheelchair that influences the maneuverability, stability, traction, and performance of the chair on a variety of terrains/surfaces, types include:
rear-wheel
mid-wheel
front-wheel

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83
Q

Play space

A

Designated social or physical environment designed for children to foster:
exploration
development
socialization

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84
Q

Environmental factors of healthy adolescent development

A

Social, cultural and socioeconomic factors that influence self-development and acquisition of occupational performance skills for individuals between 12-18 years of age

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85
Q

Mealtime environment

A

Contextual setting specifically designated for eating based on temporal, physical, cultural and social factors Important consideration when planning feeding interventions with clients

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86
Q

Teacher consultation

A 
Conference with educators to support a student’s participation in curriculum-based activities related to:
classroom performance
barriers and facilitators in the school
adaptive teaching/learning strategies
educational goals
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87
Q

Teacher coaching

A

Collaborative process in which the OT practitioner assists the educator to assimilate curriculum-based learning or behavioral strategies in the least restrictive environment for supporting students’ participation in occupation

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88
Q

Caregiver education

A

Collaborative client-centered teaching approach used to advise family and relevant others on:
plan of care and goals
resources
discharge planning
home programs
Includes assessing the ability to carry out health care recommendations

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89
Q

Inclusion outcome

A

Intended objective for providing students with disabilities least restrictive and fair access to education, includes:
full participation in school activities
supporting peer interactions
options for general educational curriculum
establishing an environment of respect and tolerance
supporting interaction within the community

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90
Q

Generalization of skills

A

Ability to transfer a newly learned skill across a variety of contexts and activities, facilitated by:
maintaining client motivation
contextually relevant practice
direct exposure to a task

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91
Q

Ideational apraxia

A

Neurobehavioral deficit characterized by the inability to correctly use an everyday tool or object for its intended purpose (e.g., using a comb to brush teeth)

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92
Q

Motor apraxia

A

Neurobehavioral deficit characterized by difficulty planning and sequencing the motor movements needed to complete a task (e.g., attempting to reposition the bristles of a toothbrush to brush teeth when moving it from one side of the mouth to the other)

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93
Q

Protective sensation

A

Ability to accurately perceive sensory input necessary to prevent personal injury or harm (e.g., pain and temperature)

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94
Q

Diplopia

A

Visual impairment secondary to a neurological event, also referred to as double vision, may cause loss of depth perception and increase risk of falls. Interventions for managing symptoms may include:
prism correction
full occlusion eye-patching
partial visual occlusion

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95
Q

Oculomotor dysfunction

A

Visual impairment characterized by lack of efficient eye movements and eye-tracking skills due to a cranial nerve lesion or neural disruption of the extraocular muscles, functional deficits may include difficulties with:
reading speed
copying skills
writing skills

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96
Q

Unilateral spatial neglect

A

Neurobehavioral deficit characterized by the inability to interact with stimuli on the contralateral side to a brain lesion (e.g., bumps into walls with the affected side of body) Interventions may include: awareness training limb activation lighthouse strategy partial visual occlusion scanning techniques videotaped feedback environmental adaptation

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97
Q

Hemianopsia

A

Visual impairment secondary to a brain lesion that results in loss of vision to half the visual field Compensatory strategies may include:
visual anchoring
scanning training
environmental modification

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98
Q

Bariatrics

A

Term used to describe the area of medicine that evaluates, treats, and engages in clinical studies related to persons with morbid obesity (i.e., body mass index of 40 or more)

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99
Q

Aphasia

A

Receptive and/or expressive language impairment secondary to a brain lesion Typically sub-categorized as: global anomic Broca’s conduction Wernicke’s transcortical

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100
Q

Shoulder subluxation

A

Partial displacement or dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, may occur secondary to the effects of weakness, muscle imbalance, and gravity Conservative interventions may include:
slings, positioning devices, and taping
strengthening exercises
functional electrical stimulation

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101
Q

Tenodesis grasp

A

Kinsesiological effect that will cause the fingers to flex when the wrist is moved from neutral to extension, and the fingers to extend when the wrist is moved from a neutral position to flexion Used as a functional advantage for clients with:
spinal cord injury at the C6-C7 level
radial nerve palsy

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102
Q

Incremental gradation of occupation

A

Gradual increase or decrease in activity and/or environmental demands to optimize a client’s performance, typically started from where the client will be successful

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103
Q

Tactile cue

A

Graded somatosensory prompt to facilitate a performance outcome through use of touch

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104
Q

Gesture training

A

Compensatory intervention for neurobehavioral deficits that includes providing graded levels of task demands in two phases:
transitive gesture training (client demonstrates use of common objects)
intransitive gesture training (client performs pantomime gestures based on cues)

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105
Q

Desensitization

A

Systematic intervention for decreasing hyper-responsiveness to aversive stimuli, may be used in:
mental health interventions for anxiety disorders
hand therapy for nerve hypersensitivity

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106
Q

Visual skills training

A

Interventions for impairment of the peripheral or central visual field (e.g., visual strategies and visual scanning training) and for central visual field defects (e.g., eccentric viewing training)

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107
Q

Magnification

A 
The process of enlarging an object’s appearance using an optical device or lens, commonly used in low vision therapy to enhance vision Categories include:
low power (e.g., hand-held magnifier, reading glasses)
high power (e.g., closed-circuit television)
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108
Q

Anchoring technique

A

Strategy used in visual scanning training where a visual cue (e.g., a solid line or a bright colored, thin strip) is placed in the impaired field of view and the client is encouraged to scan to the visual cue

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109
Q

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy

A

Evidenced-based intervention approach in stroke rehabilitation where the unaffected limb is restrained to facilitate functional use of affected limb

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110
Q

Mental practice / motor imagery

A

Intervention approach used in rehabilitation where the client creates a mental image of a desired movement and imagines performing the motion without actually moving the body part

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111
Q

Activity pacing

A

Energy conservation technique that includes:
integrating regular rest breaks into daily activities
establishing daily habits and routines
maintaining adequate sleep hygiene

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112
Q

Activity planning

A

Energy conservation technique that involves looking ahead days, weeks or months to develop a strategy for organizing and scheduling tasks based on occupational roles, priorities, task demands and expected energy expenditure levels and includes time for rest and recovery

113
Q

Self-management education

A

Therapeutic approach that involves:
enabling and empowering the client to independently identify issues
problem solving meaningful and realistic solutions/actions plans

114
Q

Metabolic equivalent of task (MET)

A

Measurement system commonly used in cardiac rehabilitation that indicates the energy expenditure required during a physical activity or daily task, examples include:

  1. 0-2.5 MET’s = sweeping floors
  2. 6-4.0 MET’s = walking downstairs
  3. 0-6.0 MET’s = weeding
  4. 0-10.0 MET’s = jump rope
115
Q

Medication compliance program

A

Strategy used to support a client’s participation in their prescription medication regimen, includes the use of assistive aids such as:
pill storage boxes (e.g., 7-day dosage box)
electronic reminders (e.g., pre-programmed alarm)
diary (e.g., calendar)
pill splitter or crusher
insulin holders

116
Q

Cardiac rehabilitation

A

Structured interprofessional team approach used to assist individuals recover from myocardial infarction, heart surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention procedures (e.g., angioplasty), phases include:
phase 1: inpatient
phase 2: outpatient
phase 3: community-based

117
Q

Just right challenge

A

Top-down task analysis approach that involves identifying client-centered activities that:
are meaningful and contextually relevant
provide the greatest opportunity for success
maintain motivation and arousal

118
Q

Scar management

A

Technique best used six to 12 weeks after wound closure to minimize the risk of adhesions, contracture, hypertrophy or hypersensitivity. Interventions include:
mobilization orthoses (e.g., applying sub-maximal stretch)
massage (e.g., graded vibration, manual)
compression (e.g., gloves, tubular gauze)
desensitization (e.g., graded touching, textures)
ROM (e.g., active exercise and passive stretch)
thermal modalities (e.g., ultrasound, moist heat)

119
Q

Edema management

A 
Methods used to reduce interstitial accumulation of fluid in the extremities secondary to surgery, trauma or a disease process, may include:
limb elevation
cryotherapy
compression
retrograde massage
manual edema mobilization
purposeful activity/movement
120
Q

Isometric exercise

A

Type of exercise in which a muscle or muscle group and the joint angle do not move when the muscle(s) acting on the joint are contracted

121
Q

Work simulator

A

Electromechanical isotonic and isometric strengthening device used for work evaluation and intervention to improve upper extremity functional abilities [e.g., Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment (BTE™)]

122
Q

Work conditioning

A

Program focusing on returning a client to work, may:
include restoring ability and capacity associated with work related tasks
precede work hardening program

123
Q

Work hardening

A

Structured rehabilitation program aimed at maximizing a client’s physical ability to return to a specific job function after an injury, may include:
job simulation activities
work conditioning exercises

124
Q

Return-to-work program

A

Work rehabilitation continuum that promotes cost-effective steps for job-related goal attainment

125
Q

Prosthetic functional use training

A 
Intervention program for clients who have an upper limb deficiency or amputation, includes education on the use of harness and cable controls or myoelectric components and terminal device, emphasizes activities for:
bilateral and unilateral use of limbs
automatic movement patterns
spontaneous movements
performance in daily activities
126
Q

Pursed lip breathing

A

Technique used to control dyspnea/shortness of breath by inhaling through the nose, with mouth closed, followed by slow exhale through pursed lips

127
Q

Serial casting

A

Specialized intervention technique used to increase range of motion ROM of a joint, involves applying a series of well-padded casts to the limb to hold the target joint in a sub-maximal stretch Requires changing the cast at scheduled intervals to progressively increase ROM

128
Q

Codman’s pendulum exercises

A

Therapeutic exercise for the shoulder joint in which the client bends forward at the waist with the arm perpendicular to the floor, then rocks the body side-to-side allowing the relaxed arm to freely move in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction

129
Q

Handling

A

Therapeutic technique that involves providing physical support and cueing to manually guide the torso or limbs into functional movement patterns Support is graded based on the amount of assistance the client needs

130
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of energy between two connected surfaces of contrasting temperatures, examples include:
paraffin wax
cryotherapy
hot pack

131
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of energy from a circulating source in contact with a body part, examples include:
Fluidotherapy®
whirlpool

132
Q

Evaporation

A

Physiological response resulting from the topical application of a vapocoolant, examples include:
cold spray
cooling cream

133
Q

Electrotherapeutic physical agent modalities

A

Physical agent modalities (PAM) that require essential knowledge of electrical principles, electrode selection and placement, indications, and contraindications, examples include:
neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
functional electrical stimulation (FES)
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

134
Q

Functional electrical stimulation (FES)

A 
Form of electrotherapy to:
maintain muscle mass
gain range of motion
facilitate voluntary movement
manage spasticity
Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions
135
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

Form of electrotherapy used as a component of a comprehensive pain management program Techniques of application include:
sub sensory
sensory
motor
Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions

136
Q

Ultrasound (US)

A

Mechanical acoustic modality that uses energy conversion to influence:
tissue length
pain
inflammation
tissue healing
Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions

137
Q

Hot pack

A

Superficial, moist heat, conduction modality Requires taking precautions to prevent:
overheating of the client
localized burns to the body part being treated
discomfort from the weight of the pack
Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions

138
Q

Fluidotherapy

A

Superficial, dry heat, convection modality that involves inserting a distal extremity into a thermostatically-controlled machine of circulating particles, typically used for:
desensitization
edema and pain reduction
improving range of motion
Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions

139
Q

Paraffin therapy

A

Superficial, conduction, heat modality that involves use of thermostatically controlled, warmed wax and mineral oil, methods include:
immersion
dip immersion
pouring
Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions

140
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Superficial, conduction, cold modality that may be used to address:
spasticity
pain
edema
Recommended for use as an adjunct to other occupation-based interventions

141
Q

Orthosis

A 
Custom-made or prefabricated device used to immobilize, mobilize, or restrict one or more joints, typically used to:
maintain alignment
promote healing
improve function
restrict motion
prevent contractures
correct deformities
142
Q

Restriction orthosis

A 
Classification of an orthosis intended to limit partial mobility of one or more joints while allowing free movement through the remaining arc of motion, typically used to:
allow controlled motion
decrease risk of scar adhesions
minimized risk of contracture
improve functional use
143
Q

Immobilization orthotic

A

Classification of a custom-made or prefabricated orthosis intended to prevent movement of one or more joints, typically used to:
maintain tissue length
preserve joint alignment
maintain/protect a fracture reduction
protect a healing/repaired nerve or tendon

144
Q

Mobilization orthosis

A 
Classification of a custom-made or prefabricated orthosis intended to move one or more joints using applied, controlled tension, typically used to:
promote tissue remodeling
elongate/stretch adhesions
substitute for weak or absent motion
provide resistance for strengthening
145
Q

Handling characteristic of thermoplastic material: Memory

A

Capacity of thermoplastic material to retain its original properties when reheated, recommended when frequent re-molding may be necessary

146
Q

Handling characteristic of thermoplastic material: Drapability

A

Property of thermoplastic material that indicates its ability to conform, contour and shape to the underlying structures, material effective for:
small orthoses
experienced orthotic makers

147
Q

Handling characteristic of thermoplastic material: Bonding

A

Capacity of thermoplastic material for it to adhere to itself, beneficial characteristic when attaching dynamic orthotic components to an orthotic base

148
Q

Performance characteristic of thermoplastic material: Rigidity

A

Capacity of thermoplastic material to maintain its strength and to prevent a change in the integrity of the custom fit against force and repetitive stress, material effective to stabilize a large joint

149
Q

Performance characteristic of thermoplastic material: Perforations

A

Small holes distributed throughout thermoplastic material that allow for air flow to minimize risk of skin rash, sweating, and maceration

150
Q

Angle of application

A

Force or torque applied to a joint using the dynamic component of a mobilization orthosis, ideally 90o to body segment being moved

151
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

Application of a three-class lever system to achieve efficiency and promote effectiveness of an orthosis Typically described in terms of the length of the effort arm and the length of the resistance arm

152
Q

Elastic force

A

Used as part of a mobilization orthosis to influence tissue response Common devices used for this purpose include:
rubber bands
wrapped elastic cord
spring coils

153
Q

Friction force

A 
Term used in orthotic fabrication that describes the amount of force generated by the orthotic materials and the amount of contact force, typically lessened by using:
smooth thermoplastics
proper-fitting straps
rounded edges
foam-lining or gel padding
stockinette
154
Q

Orthotic pattern

A

Necessary first step of orthotic fabrication to ensure custom fit and design that includes:
tracing the shape/size of extremity on paper prior to cutting the material
using anatomical landmarks

155
Q

Orthotic Nomenclature: Design descriptors

A

Terms traditionally used to describe characteristics of orthotic devices that may be included as part of an orthotic prescription to help identify an orthosis using non-modified orthosis classification system nomenclature, examples include: digit-based forearm-based hand-based arm-based thumb-based digit-based digit-based

156
Q

Orthotic Nomenclature: Modified Orthosis Classification System

A

System used to describe an orthosis for outpatient billing and reimbursement purposes based on the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS), typically corresponds to a specific “L-code” Replaces the traditional term “splints” with “orthotics”

157
Q

Orthotic Nomenclature: Anatomical descriptors

A

Naming convention used to describe the anatomical location of an orthosis for outpatient billing and reimbursement purposes, based on the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) Examples include:
elbow wrist hand finger orthosis (EWHFO)
wrist hand finger orthosis (WHFO)
hand finger orthosis (HFO)

158
Q

Mobile arm support

A

Low tech adaptive typically attached to a wheelchair frame or floor stand device that supports the weight of the arm and has swivel components, used to provide assistance to weak muscles of the arm during a functional activity

159
Q

Swivel utensil

A

Adaptive spoon or fork with a moving component designed to minimize food spillage, may be beneficial for persons with decreased forearm supination or intention tremors

160
Q

Rocker knife

A

Adaptive eating utensil designed to enable one-handed cutting, may be beneficial for persons with hemiplegia, peripheral nerve injury or other condition resulting in a non-functional grasp of one hand

161
Q

Universal cuff

A

Adaptive device for persons with limited or no grip, designed to be secured with an elastic strap around the hand and contains a fixed pocket in which the handle of an eating utensil, toothbrush or other ADL device can be inserted for use

162
Q

Built-up handles

A

Adaptive devices for persons with weak grip or decreased active ROM of the digits, designed to enlarge the handles of commonly used small-handled ADL devices such as pens, toothbrushes, eating utensils

163
Q

Bath mitt

A

Adaptive device made of sponge or terry-cloth material to hold a bar of soap and worn on the hand during bathing, designed for persons with weak or no grip, intention tremors, incoordination

164
Q

Long-handled sponge

A

Adaptive bathing device comprised of a 23-29-inch (58-74 cm) long plastic handle with a sponge or brush attached to the end, enables an individual with decreased reach to wash the back and lower extremities, options include a variety of handle types and sponge features

165
Q

Suction denture brush

A

Adaptive grooming device consisting of a small brush with bristles on both sides secured to a base with suction feet to hold the brush upright, beneficial for persons with weak grip or decreased active ROM of the digits, tremors or hemiplegia

166
Q

3-in-1 commode

A

Type of durable medical equipment that is portable and designed to increase safety and independence, designed to be used as a/an:
bedside commode
shower seat
elevated toilet seat

167
Q

Drop-arm commode

A

Type of durable medical equipment used for toileting that is portable and designed with adjustable legs and an easy to release arm rest feature to facilitate lateral and sliding board transfers

168
Q

Raised toilet seat

A

Type of durable medical equipment designed to increase the seat height of a standard bathroom toilet, makes sitting down or standing up from the toilet easier

169
Q

Grab bar

A

Type of durable medical equipment designed to mount to a bathroom wall or to be secured to the side of the bathtub, used to provide a safe, stable surface to hold onto during BADL in the bathroom

170
Q

Transfer tub bench

A 
Type of durable medical equipment that is portable and designed to be positioned in a standard bathtub to increase safety and independence for getting in and out of the tub, optional features include:
adjustable legs
padded seat
cut-out seat
back and armrest
suction feet
drainage holes
171
Q

Dressing stick

A

Adaptive device comprised of a 19-26-inch (48-66 cm) long dowel with a reinforced hook on the end, designed to aid in putting on or taking off clothing, for individuals with limited reach or decreased mobility of the lower extremities

172
Q

Sock aid

A

Adaptive device used to help an individual put on hosiery without having to bend forward, beneficial for individuals who must follow post-surgical hip precautions, those who have osteoarthritis of the hips or poor dynamic sitting balance

173
Q

Long-handled reacher

A

Adaptive device that allows a person to pick up items from the floor or from overhead areas, designed for individuals with limited trunk, hip, or knee mobility, decreased balance, or decreased shoulder mobility, options include a variety of handle types and grabbing features

174
Q

Rehabilitative technology

A

The application of technology in the intervention of persons with disabilities with a focus on compensation, facilitation, or restoration of functional skills to support participation in occupation

175
Q

Assistive technology

A

The term used to describe devices for persons with disabilities to:
compensate for loss of function
facilitate independence
restore functional skills

176
Q

Universal design

A

The term used to describe feature considerations for products and spaces that are intended to benefit users of most sizes and abilities without special adaptation or modification

177
Q

Low-tech communication board

A

Type of inexpensive augmentative communication device that does not require electronic or computer assistance Consists of letters, selected words, or pictures to assist individuals with verbal deficits express basic needs and emotions

178
Q

High-tech communication board

A

Type of electronic or computerized augmentative communication device that produces a synthesized voice Allows a user with verbal deficits to express thoughts, needs, emotions, and to converse with others

179
Q

AT: Input controls

A

Devices used to enter data and perform control functions on computers or other electronic devices, examples include:
joy stick
trackballs
touch screens

180
Q

AT: Output

A

Devices that communicate the outcome of data processing from an information processing system, examples include:
braille
voice

181
Q

Environmental control unit

A

Computerized or mechanized systems that enable a person with physical limitations to independently control or interact within their environment, may be activated by:
voice
eye gaze
switch

182
Q

AT: Control Enhancer

A 
Equipment used to improve the control an individual has for using direct selection assistive technology Types include:
postural supports (e.g., laptray, lateral supports)
hand/arm devices (e.g., orthotic, strap, pointer)
head-mounted devices (e.g., stick, pointer, headrest)
183
Q

Leg lifter

A

Assistive device used to move the LE into bed or raise the leg when in bed, constructed of a sturdy fabric with loops on both ends; smaller loop is used as a handle and the larger loop is placed around the foot for lifting

184
Q

Over head trapeze

A

Type of durable medical equipment with an overhead hoist attached to a bedframe or portable stand, used to facilitate bed mobility or transition from supine to sitting by pulling up on a handle affixed to the base

185
Q

Alternative and augumentative communication (ACC): Pointing device

A

Physical input device used to point at the desired location on a standard or graphic keyboard, beneficial for persons with decreased manual dexterity

186
Q

Alternative and augumentative communication (ACC)

A

Type of high or low technology device designed to assist or replace verbal/gestural communication, assist individuals with verbal deficits express basic needs, emotions, thoughts, and/or converse with others

187
Q

Phase of swallowing: Pre-oral phase

A

Phase of swallowing that involves:
smell and visual appreciation of food
stimulation of saliva
mouth and upper extremity motor movements to initiate the process of eating

188
Q

Phase of swallowing: Oral preparatory phase

A 
Phase of swallowing that involves:
voluntary intake of food into mouth
bolus formation with saliva
chewing with molars and activation of buccal muscles to prevent pocketing
bolus movement to the center of tongue
189
Q

Phase of swallowing: Oral phase

A

Phase of swallowing that involves:
use of cheek and tongue muscles to retain bolus centrally
posterior migration of bolus

190
Q

Phase of swallowing: Pharyngeal phase

A

Phase of swallowing that involves:
soft palate elevation
larynx and hyoid elevation and protraction
cessation of airflow to prevent aspiration
vocal cord closure when whole bolus is moved through the pharynx

191
Q

Phase of swallowing: Esophageal phase

A

Phase of swallowing that is highly influenced by client’s position, and involves:
return of upper esophageal sphincter to tonic state
passage of food through the esophagus to the stomach

192
Q

Feeding trial

A

Completed by a dysphagia specialist to determine clinically appropriate food (purees to solid/regular diet) and liquid (water/thin to honey-thick) Requires careful monitoring for effectiveness of swallow and signs of aspiration through:
auscultation
palpation

193
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to internal sounds of the body typically with the use of a stethoscope

194
Q

Dysphagia diet

A

Guidelines published by the American Dietetic Association to establish standard terminology for dietary texture modification of food for dysphagia management, levels include:
Level 1: Pureed Foods
Level 2: Mechanical altered
Level 3: Dysphagia-advanced

195
Q

Diet recommendations

A 
Information in plan of care following dysphagia assessment that includes a prescribed diet of specific food and liquid textures and consistency, taking into consideration:
diagnosis
oral motor function
aspiration risk
cognitive function
196
Q

Dysphagia diet liquid progression: Thin

A 
Liquid consistency that requires an intact swallow, includes:
water
ice chips
broth
coffee
gelatin
197
Q

Dysphagia diet liquid progression

A

Dietary liquid modification that involves altering the viscosity of drinking liquids to decrease aspiration risk, includes the following levels (from most difficult to swallow to easiest to swallow):
thin
nectar-like
honey-like

198
Q

Dysphagia diet liquid progression: Nectar-thick

A

Thickened liquid consistency for safer swallowing that is a progression from thin liquid May be natural or thin liquids prepared with thickening gel or powder, such as:
tomato juice
fruit nectars
egg nog

199
Q

Dysphagia diet liquid progression: Honey-thick

A

Thickened liquid consistency so that it drips from a spoon for safer swallowing, progression from nectar-thick that may be prepared with thickening gel or powder

200
Q

Dysphagia diet level: Pureed

A

Dietary food texture modification described as smooth, uniform consistency for safer swallowing that requires very little chewing ability, examples include:
pudding and plain yogurt
smooth apple sauce
whipped potatoes

201
Q

Dysphagia diet level: Mechanically altered

A 
Dietary food texture modification described as moist, semi-solid consistency for safer swallowing that requires some chewing ability, examples include:
cottage cheese
ripe banana
moist meat loaf
scrambled eggs
202
Q

Dysphagia diet level: Advanced

A

Dietary food texture modification described as soft consistency for safer swallowing that requires more advanced chewing ability, examples include:
baked potato with skin
moist pancakes
thin sliced meat

203
Q

Compensatory swallowing maneuvers

A 
Techniques recommended to facilitate safe swallow during the pharyngeal phase (only considered with clients who are alert, attentive, and able to follow directions), examples include:
chin tuck
Mendelsohn maneuver
supraglottic swallow
super-supraglottic swallow
204
Q

Chin tuck

A

Compensatory swallowing maneuver that involves moving the chin towards the chest while swallowing, protects the airway and reduces the risk of aspiration

205
Q

Supraglottic swallow

A

Compensatory swallowing technique used to close the vocal cords before and during swallow, involves the following steps:
Taking a deep breath
Holding the breath while swallowing
Coughing to clear saliva or food that may have passed beyond the vocal cords

206
Q

Super supraglottic swallow

A

Compensatory swallowing technique used to close the airway entrance above the vocal cords, involves the following steps:
Taking a deep breath
Holding the breath and bearing down (as in a bowel movement) while swallowing
Coughing to clear saliva or food that may have passed beyond the vocal cords

207
Q

Mendelsohn maneuver

A

Technique used to prolong the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter during a swallow, involves pushing the tongue into the upper palette while manually maintaining the Adam’s apple in an elevated position

208
Q

Sliding board transfer

A

Technique for moving from one seating surface to another used by individuals who have adequate UE and trunk strength but minimal to no functional use of the LE to move Involves using a specially designed device positioned under the thighs and on the transfer surface

209
Q

Stand-pivot transfer

A

Technique for moving a client from one seating surface to another using the following procedures:
properly positioning the client for the move
assisting the client to standing
having the client shuffle both feet toward the transfer surface
slowly lowering the client onto the transfer surface

210
Q

Dependent transfer

A

Moving a client who requires physical assistance of one or two caregivers to move from one seating surface to another without mechanical assistance If completed incorrectly, poses a high risk for client and caregiver injury

211
Q

Mechanical lift transfer

A

Use of a hydraulic or powered frame in conjunction with a hammock-like seat to move a client requiring maximum physical assistance from one surface to another

212
Q

Gait belt

A

Device typically made of cotton webbing with a buckle that adjusts and locks around a client’s waist, used by caregivers to provide external support to the client during transfers and ambulation

213
Q

Ergonomic feature: Lumbar support

A

Feature considered in the ergonomic design of a chair or seat to maintain natural curvature of the lower back; especially beneficial when sitting for prolonged periods of time

214
Q

Ergonomic feature: Seat backrest

A

Feature considered in the ergonomic design of a chair to ensure best possible postural support, that:
provides sufficient width for the back
is adjustable for height and angle
supports the natural curvature of the spine

215
Q

Planar foam wheelchair seat cushion

A

Type of wheelchair seat cushion with the following characteristics:
composed of viscoelastic material
lightweight and inexpensive
absorbs moisture
multiple density and thickness options
least effective option for pressure distribution

216
Q

Gel-filled wheelchair seat cushion

A

Type of wheelchair seat cushion with the following characteristics:
composed of viscoelastic material
lightweight and inexpensive
absorbs moisture
multiple density and thickness options
least effective option for pressure distribution

217
Q

Air-filled wheelchair seat cushion

A

Type of wheelchair seat cushion with the following characteristics:
bladder design with adjustable inflation level
provides even distribution of pressure relief
lightweight design feature
potential for air pressure variability inherent in overall design

218
Q

Wheelchair measurement: Seat width

A

Measurement used as part of a comprehensive wheelchair prescription, determined by measuring the widest point across the hips when client is in sitting then adding 2 inches (5 cm)

219
Q

Wheelchair measurement: Seat depth

A

Measurement used as part of a comprehensive wheelchair prescription, determined by measuring from the base of the posterior aspect of the buttocks to the popliteal fossa, then subtracting 1-2 inches (2.5 – 5 cm) Recommended to measure each leg individually

220
Q

Wheelchair measurement: Mid height back

A

Measurement used as part of a comprehensive wheelchair prescription, determined by measuring from the seat surface to the inferior angle of the scapula

221
Q

Wheelchair measurement: Seat height

A

Measurement used as part of a comprehensive wheelchair prescription, determined by measuring from popliteal fossa to the bottom of the heel

222
Q

Wheelchair measurement: Armrest height

A

Measurement used as part of a comprehensive wheelchair prescription, determined by measuring from the seat surface to the olecranon process with elbows flexed at 90 deg

223
Q

Hydraulic standing frame

A

Piece of durable medical equipment designed with a hydraulic lifting mechanism intended to facilitate transfers and upright positioning for individuals who have minimal use of the lower extremities

224
Q

Accessibility Standards: Ramp slope

A

Rise to run gradient recommended as an alternative to stairs for facilitating accessible entry into homes or buildings (e.g., 1 inch (2.54 cm) of rise should have 12 inches (30.5 cm) of length)

225
Q

Barrier free design

A

Environmental plan that eliminates physical obstructions, allows for optimal performance and access for individuals with disabilities

226
Q

Home modification process

A

Process of identifying and eliminating structural barriers in the living environment to improve accessibility and support engagement in occupation

227
Q

Light meter

A

Assessment tool used for measuring ambient and natural lighting levels in context to determine areas of poor illumination that may hinder optimal occupational performance

228
Q

Force measure

A

Environmental assessment tool for measuring push or pull force required to manage:
doors
drawers
windows

229
Q

Clinometer

A

Environmental assessment tool used to measure lateral slope of a ramp, floor, or pathway

230
Q

Built environment

A

Architectural and design features of buildings, dwellings, or homes

231
Q

Universal Design Principle: Equitable use

A

One of the seven guiding principles for universal design whereby the design of products and environments is useful and marketable to potential users of varying abilities

232
Q

Universal Design Principle: Flexibility in use

A

One of the seven guiding principles for universal design whereby the design of products and environments accommodates for a wide range of individual preferences and abilities

233
Q

Universal Design Principle: Simple and intuitive use

A

One of the seven guiding principles for universal design whereby the design of products and environments is easily understood by all potential users

234
Q

Universal Design Principle: Perceptible information

A

One of the seven guiding principles for universal design whereby the design of products and environments communicates necessary information effectively to the users, regardless of the ambient conditions and the user’s sensory abilities

235
Q

Universal Design Principle: Tolerance for error

A

One of the seven guiding principles for universal design whereby the design of products and environments minimizes risk of injury or unexpected circumstances

236
Q

Universal Design Principle: Low physical effort

A

One of the seven guiding principles for universal design whereby the design of products and environments allows for efficient expenditure of physical energy

237
Q

Universal Design Principle: Size and space for approach and use

A

One of the seven guiding principles for universal design whereby the design of products and environments provides for sufficient size and space for approach, reach and manipulation for users of varying sizes, abilities, and levels of mobility

238
Q

Body mechanics

A

Application of kinesiology to promote proper alignment, position, and efficient use of the body during physical task activities, principles include:
plan movements
load close to body and bend knees when lifting
ensure solid base of support and use inertia when appropriate
ensure solid base of support and use inertia when appropriate

239
Q

Ergonomics

A

Science involving analysis and recommendations to ensure an optimal fit between the environment, equipment, and the user Facilitates optimal performance with the least risk of injury

240
Q

Client education

A

Collaborative client-centered teaching approach used to advise a client on:
plan of care and goals
resources
discharge planning
home programs
Includes assessing the ability to carry out health care recommendations

241
Q

Community resources

A

Public and private services available in a client’s community aimed to:
enable participation in meaningful occupations
provide ongoing social support
provide outreach based on needs

242
Q

Automaticity

A

Ability to perform activities using an automatic response or habit, involves less attention to details of the procedural steps Intervention strategies may include:
linking a new activity with an existing one
ensuring consistency in instruction, steps, and environment

243
Q

Home program

A

Set of recommended activities provided to support carryover of skills learned in a therapeutic setting to the natural environment

244
Q

Attention

A 
Cognitive process of being able to focus on specific stimuli, task, and/or task component while disregarding irrelevant distractors, types include:
selective
sustained
alternating
divided
245
Q

Awareness deficit

A

Lack of insight into a person’s own functional deficits

246
Q

Memory

A 
Cognitive process of retaining information, types include:
working, short term, and long term
procedural, declarative, and episodic
semantic, explicit, and implicit
prospective and metamemory
247
Q

Distractibility

A

Disruption in the cognitive process of attention that manifests itself with inability to maintain focus on desired performance due to distractions caused by external stimuli

248
Q

Metacognition

A

Self-awareness of one’s own cognitive performance ability and capacities and the need for strategy use Frequently impaired in clients with executive dysfunction

249
Q

Executive function

A

High level cognitive process that includes:
planning and organizing
regulatory control
problem solving and working memory

250
Q

Errorless learning

A

Cognitive intervention method in which the task or activity is set up so that the client does not make an error, may be useful:
for clients with severe memory impairment
during skill training

251
Q

Multicontext approach

A

Expectation that task modifications/cognitive strategies should be applicable and be practiced in multiple contexts where the client has performance demands Based on the Dynamic Interactional Model of Cognition

252
Q

Spaced retrieval

A

Cognitive intervention method in which the client is asked to recall information at expanding intervals (e.g., client will be asked to immediately recall names of people then recall 5 minutes later, then 10 minutes later)

253
Q

Graded cues

A

Cognitive intervention approach in which the therapist provides only the necessary cues for expected task performance, includes:
general cue
specific cue
explicit instruction

254
Q

Cognitive compensatory strategies

A

Internal or external methods to maximize cognitive performance where strategy training may be a 3 phase process:
acquisition
application
adaptation

255
Q

Internal memory strategies

A

Group of techniques to aid in mentally organizing cognitive information for retrieval at a later time Therapeutically used in conjunction with external strategies, examples include:
visual imagery
grouping similar information mnemonically

256
Q

External memory strategies

A

Therapeutic method used in neurorehabilitation to support ability to retrieve cognitive information at a later time, examples include:
checklists
day planner
posted signs

257
Q

Metacognitive strategies

A

Self-management method that includes the ability to identify cognitive challenges during day-to-day activities and to create strategies that can be duplicated over time

258
Q

Sleep hygiene

A

Establishing physical and environmental conditions for effective rest and sleep, interventions may focus on:
activities performed prior to sleep
sleep schedules and routines
ambient conditions of the bedroom

259
Q

Lifestyle Redesign

A

Preventive intervention model approach for older adults with a focus on establishing methods for continued participation in meaningful activities and healthy habits, and to identify solutions for self-identified barriers

260
Q

Scanning training

A

Intervention for visual field deficits to structure a visual search and increase awareness of blind spots, may include:
progression of clinic activities to contextual task performance
visual anchoring
change in head and body position

261
Q

Stress managment

A

Strategies to promote relaxation and reduce symptoms of stress and anxiety, techniques include:
deep breathing
muscular relaxation
visualization

262
Q

Enhanced lighting

A

Environmental solution for low vision that may include lighting customization:
consistent with a person’s visual abilities
in context according to ambient conditions
based on results of an analysis of the desired occupation

263
Q

Environmental adaptation: Contrast

A

Solution to enhance safety and performance for client’s with low vision, that includes a distinct color gradient, may be used for:
visual presentations/educational materials
placemat during meal time
edge of stairs

264
Q

Memory aid: Calendar

A

External memory strategy involving a time-limited planner used to promote effective schedule management, typically placed in a commonly viewed location

265
Q

Memory aid: Wall chart

A

External memory strategy that includes posting written instructions, steps or illustrations of routine tasks, or daily activities Typically placed in close proximity to where performance is expected

266
Q

Electronic memory aids

A

Technology solutions (e.g., Smartphone, mobile apps) to aid in the retrieval of information during daily activities, considerations for selection include:
matching current abilities to device
simplicity of use

267
Q

Graded cues

A

Varying levels of guidance to support activity performance and participation with modification and adjustments to allow for progression towards independence, cues can be:
visual
verbal
tactile

268
Q

General cue

A

Visual or verbal guidance to prompt self-monitoring and modification to performance (e.g., “After bathing, dry your feet before getting out of the tub”)

269
Q

Specific cue

A

Level of graded cueing that includes visual, verbal, or tactile prompt as a reminder to change behavior or action; used when general cue is ineffective, (e.g., “Now that you are done bathing, what do you do next?”)

270
Q

Explicit instruction

A

Most direct level of graded cueing that includes instruction in the next step required for a given activity (e.g., “Now that you’ve finished bathing, it’s time to dry your feet”)

271
Q

Task simplification

A

Method of grading activity to allow the capacity of the client to match activity demands, may involve:
breaking an activity into smaller parts
eliminating steps of an activity
modifying objects used during the activity

272
Q

Coping strategies

A

Method of dealing with a challenging psychological situation, strategies may be:
adaptive (e.g., humor, positive thinking)
maladaptive (e.g., substance use, avoidance)

273
Q

Chaining

A

Intervention technique that includes completion of one step of the task at a time and sequentially adding additional steps once performance is achieved, includes:
forward chaining
backward chaining

274
Q

Common names of restriction orthoses

A

Names commonly used to describe this category of orthotic device include:
buttonhole PIP extension orthosis
anticlaw buckle orthosis
MCP joint ulnar deviation orthosis
Meunster orthosis
May be included as part of an orthotic prescription to help identify an orthosis using non-modified orthosis classification system nomenclature

275
Q

Common names of mobilization orthoses

A

Names commonly used to describe this category of orthotic device include:
tenodesis orthosis
radial nerve palsy orthosis
palmar abduction orthosis
dynamic flexion assist orthosis
interphalangeal flexion orthosis
May be included as part of an orthotic prescription to help identify an orthosis using non-modified orthosis classification system nomenclature

276
Q

Common names of immobilization orthoses

A 
Names commonly used to describe this category of orthotic device include:
volar wrist orthosis
thumb spica orthosis
dorsal blocking orthosis
resting hand orthosis
short opponens orthosis
metacarpal fracture brace
May be included as part of an orthotic prescription to help identify an orthosis using non-modified orthosis classification system nomenclature
277
Q

Intrinsic-plus position

A 
Term used in orthotic positioning, commonly referred to as the “anti-deformity” or “safe position” of the hand, intended to place the MCP joint collateral ligaments in an elongated position to reduce contracture risk Consists of:
wrist in neutral or slight extension
finger MCP joints in 75-90o of flexion
finger IP joints in complete extension
thumb in abduction and opposition
278
Q

Neural gliding exercises

A

Series of structured UE exercises intended to prevent nerve adhesion and preserve neural mobility often used as an adjunct intervention for compression neuropathies or nerve entrapment syndromes

279
Q

Tendon gliding exercises

A

Series of hand exercises intended to prevent tendon adhesion and preserve tendon excursion, includes the following:
straight fist: Composite MCP and IP joint extension
hook fist: MCP joint extension with IP joint flexion
intrinsic-plus: MCP joint flexion with IP joint extension
straight IPs: MCP and PIP joint flexion with DIP joint extension
full fist: Composite MCP and IP joint flexion

NBCOT (5 decks)

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