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CPACC | WHS Design Team > Domain 1 | Module 2: Types of Disabilities > Flashcards

Domain 1 | Module 2: Types of Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of disabilities laid out by IAAP?

A
  1. Visual
  2. Auditory
  3. Deaf-blindness
  4. Speech
  5. Mobility/Flexibility/Body Structure
  6. Cognitive
    7.Neurological
  7. Psychological
  8. Multiple/Complext
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2
Q

What are some manifestations of visual disabilities?

A
  • Vision loss
  • Loss of of visual acutiy
  • Increased/decreased sensitivity to colors
  • Complete loss of sight in either or both eyes
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3
Q

How many ppl identify as blind in the broader population of the world?

A

33 million

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4
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness and what is second leading?

A

Cataracts 1st, glaucoma 2nd

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5
Q

What is the general age demographic of those who are blind?

A

Most are over 50

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6
Q

True or false: Color vision deficiency is a form of visual disability

A

true

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7
Q

What percentage of men and women experience red-green color vision deficiency?

A

8% men and 0.5% women

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8
Q

1 in _______ people experience blue-yellow color vision deficiency

A

10k

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9
Q

What are common barriers for those with visual disabilities?

A
  • Visual-only Wayfinding
  • Print only materials
  • Sounds that mask informative sounds such as directional cues.
  • Info described visually
  • Pathways obstacles.
  • Inadequate lighting.
  • Low contrast text and images
  • Digital images w/ helpful ALT text.
  • Unfreindely websites with keyboard alone.
  • Videos w/o text or audio alternatives.
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10
Q

True or false: Raised tiles to indicate edges, stairs, etc are viable solutions for those with visual disabilities

A

true

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11
Q

True or false: Screen readers (text-to-speech) are a viable solution for those with visual disabilities

A

true

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12
Q

What is the most popular screen reader (text-to-speech)?

How many characters at a time does it show?

How much does it cost?

A

JAWS

80 characters

$3-$15k

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13
Q

Name at least 5 common solutions for individuals with visual disabilities

A
  • Raised tiles to indicate edges, stairs, etc
  • Clear paths
  • Braille (including refreshable)
  • Tactile info
  • Large print
  • High contrast colors
  • Not relying on color
  • Magnifiers
  • Meaningful alt text
  • Standard, consistent presentation of objects
  • Screen readers (text-to-speech) - JAWS is most popular, showing 80 characters at a time ($3k-$15k)
  • White canes
  • Service animals
  • Speech controls
  • Announcing/controls, including colors
  • Virtual payment
  • Gesture inputs
  • Screen filters
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14
Q

What are some manifestations of auditory disabilities

A
  • Deafness (not all knowing sign language, preferring text)
  • Hard of hearing (rely on hearing aids)
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15
Q

How many millions of people experience auditory disabilities? What percentage of the population is that?

A

446 million (6.1%)

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16
Q

What is a common barrier for people with auditory disabilities?

A

People speaking quietly or in large spaces

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17
Q

Name at least five common solutions for those with auditory disabilities

A
  • Microphones
  • Sign language interpreter
  • Captions / subtitles
  • Good acoustics
  • Reduce ambient noise
  • Transcripts
  • Haptic feedback
  • CART
  • Hearing aids
  • Cochlear implants
  • Television amplifiers
  • Amplified telephones
  • Hearing aid compatible telephones
  • TTY: Text Telephone
  • Texting apps
  • Noise cancelling headphones
  • Sound field systems
  • Personal listening devices
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18
Q

What percentage of the population experiences deaf-blindess?

A

Between 0.2% and 2%

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19
Q

What are common barriers for people who experience deaf-blindness?

A

Lack of braille, transcripts, and sign language interpretors

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20
Q

Name at least five common solutions for those who experience deaf-blindness

A
  • Tactile sign language
  • Tactile navigation aids
  • Printed material converted to braille
  • Braille signage
  • Accessibility laws
  • Audio descriptions
  • Transcripts
  • Communicators
  • White cane
  • Environment detecting wearables
  • Service animal
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21
Q

What are some manifestations of speech disabilities?

A
  • Inconsistent speech errors.
  • Distorted sounds.
  • Errors in tone, stress or rhythm.
  • Motor/neurological
    • Apraxia
    • Dysarthria
  • Structural
    • Abnormalities like a cleft palate
    • Trauma or surgery born problems
  • Sensory (like hearing)
  • Functional speech problems
    • Articulation
    • Phonology
  • Mutism (elective, selective, and total)
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22
Q

True or false: Apraxia and Dysarthria are motor/neurological disabilities and therefore are not considered a manifestation of speech disabilities.

A

False. Both manifest as speech disabilities as well.

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23
Q

What are the common barriers for those with speech disabilities?

A
  • Not enough time to communicate
  • Lack of alternatives
  • Others not indicating their need for clarification
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24
Q

Name at least 5 common solutions for those with speech disabilities

A
  • Simpler and varied options for communication
  • Additional time to complete tasks
  • Text based alternatives
  • Speech therapy
  • Text to speech
  • AAC devices (single meaning pictures)
  • Spell checkers
  • Communication board
  • Word prediciton software
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25
Q

What are some manifestations of mobility, flexibility, and body structure disabilities

A
  • Upper or lower limb loss
  • Manual dexterity issues
  • Lack of coordination with bodily organs
  • broken skeletal structure
  • Temporary or permanent
  • Can include cognition
  • Fine motor skill / control issues
  • Ambulatory issues (walking)
  • Muscle fatigue
  • Body size / shape
  • Orthopedic conditions
26
Q

What percentage of the population experience mobility, flexibility, and body structure disabilities?

A

11% experience this disability

27
Q

What are some common barriers for those with mobility, flexibility, and body structure disabilities?

A
  • Small / short seats
  • Shelf height
  • Environmnets requiring standing
  • Tabels without knee or toe clearance
  • Out of reach controls without voice controls
  • Obstacles to entering a space
  • Fine motor skill demanding controls
  • Body & social shaming environments
28
Q

Name at least five solutions for accommodating those with mobility, flexibility, and body structure disabilities?

A
  • UD
  • Ergonomic designs and workspaces
  • Clearly defined paths
  • Adequate spacing
  • Large click areas and adequate spacing between them
  • WCAG standards met
  • Walkers, canes, crutches, wheel chairs, etc
  • Grab bars & railings
  • Exoskeletons
  • Taller AND shorter chairs
  • Adaptive clothing
  • Large buttons, hooks, and velcros
  • Reach extenders / grabbers
  • Custom keyboards
  • Oversized mouse or trackpad
  • Adjustable display
  • Speech input
  • Eye tracking controls
  • Bubble cursors
  • Mouth sticks
  • Hand wands
29
Q

What are some manifestations of cognitive disabilities?

A
  • Internal and external factors
  • Intellectual functioning
  • IQ below 70-75
  • Manifests in childhood
  • 1-3% (200 mill) of the pop
  • “intellectual disability”
  • Includes dyslexia (accounts for 70-80% of this demographic) → 5-10% of population
  • Dysgraphia (handwriting)
  • Dyscalculia (math & computational)
30
Q

What are some manifestations of ADHD?

A
  • Inattention
  • Distractibility
  • Difficulty starting, organizing and finishing tasks
  • Being forgetful
  • Feeling restless and having difficulty controlling the feeling
  • Difficulty staying seated
  • Fidgeting
  • Difficulty waiting for one’s turn
  • Talking too much
  • Interrupting
31
Q

What are some manifestations of autism?

A
  • Sensory issues such as sensitivity to sound, smell, and light.
  • Difficulty with verbal and non-verbal communication
  • Challenges in social interactions
32
Q

1 in _______ people experience some degree of autism.

A

1 in 100 people experience this cognitive disability

33
Q

Name at least 8 solutions for people with cognitive disabilities

A
  • Adequate time to prepare
  • Check for understanding and feedback in communication
  • Minimize background noises
  • Clear instructions
  • Plain language
  • Dimmable lighting
  • Simple and intuitive wayfinding, routes, and pathways
  • Clear signage
  • Simplified information
  • Carefully organized information
  • Variety info formatting
  • Enable personalized settings
  • Organizers
  • To-do lists
  • Reminders
  • Highlighers
  • Ear plugs
  • Sugnlasses
  • Stim toys
  • Soft clothing
  • Smart pens
  • Screen readers
  • Text to speech
  • Bookmarkers
  • Spelling and grammer checkers
  • Productivity tools & software
34
Q

Name six common types of neurological disabilities

A
  1. Migraines
  2. Strokes
  3. Cerebral Palsy
  4. Multiple Sclerosis
  5. Seizures
  6. Photosensative Epilepsy

These are all forms of a particular type of disability

35
Q

What percentage of the population experiences migraines?

A

14-15% of the pop experiences this

36
Q

What are the symptoms of migraines?

A
  • Fatique
  • Light sensitivity
  • Chills
  • Nausea
  • Muscle stiffness
  • Dizziness

These symptoms describe what experience?

37
Q

What are the symptoms of stroke?

A
  • Aphasia (speaking inability)
  • Sudden confusion
  • Sudden headache
  • Difficulty seeing out of either or both eyes
  • Sudden numbness
  • Loos of coordination

These symptoms describe what neurological condition?

38
Q

How many millions of people experience strokes?

A

15 million people experience this

39
Q

What is impact of cebebral palsy on a person?

A

Nervous system disorder affecting movement, learning, hearing, sight, and thought

40
Q

How many millions of people have cerebral palsy?

A

17 million people have been diagnosed with this condition

41
Q

How many millions of people have multiple sclerosis?

A

2.8 million people have this condition

42
Q

What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

A
  • Nervous system disease impacting immune system, causing nervous system communication disorders
  • blurry vision
  • cognitive problems
  • limb weakness, tingling, or numbness
  • unsteady gait
  • trouble speaking
43
Q

__________ million people experience seizures, amounting to 1 in _____ people.

A

65 million people, or 1 in 26 people experience this condition

44
Q

What are the characteristics of a seizure?

A
  • Electrical disturbance of the brain
  • Begins at childhood
  • Visual hallucinations
  • An inability to speak
  • Convulsions
  • Falling down
  • Biting the tongue
  • Loss of control of the bladder or bowels

These characterize what neurological condition?

45
Q

What percentage of the population experiences photosensitive epilepsy?

A

5% of the population experiences this neurological condition

46
Q

What is photosensitive epilepsy?

A

Flickering light causing seizers

47
Q

What are common barriers for those with neurological disabilities?

A
  • Tech that flickers light
  • Lack of space to recover from migraines
  • Overly bright lights
  • Lack of emergency care for strokes
  • Underdiagnosed conditions

These are barriers for what disability type?

48
Q

Name 8 common solutions for those with neurological disabilities?

A
  • Comfortable lighting
  • Moderate volumes
  • Avoiding patterns giving the illusion of movement
  • Do not require gaming or VR to participate
  • Antiglare glasses
  • Ear plugs
  • Supportive and protective gear for falling
  • Green lights
  • Seizure detectors
  • Service animals

These are all effective solutions for those with what type of disability?

49
Q

What are common manifestations of psychological disabilities?

A
  • Impairments in a person’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings, mood, and behavior.
  • Conditions can be occasional or long-lasting.
  • Anxiety, panic, and phobia based
  • Depression and bipolar disorders
  • Psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia

These are characteristics of what category of disability?

50
Q

What are the characteristics of general anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A
  • Feeling restless, wound-up or on-edge
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Being easily fatigued
  • Having sleep problems
  • Having headaches, muscle aches, stomachaches, or unexplained pains

These are common characteristics of what disorder?

51
Q

How do panic disorders manifest? What occurs in the event of one?

A
  • Sudden intense fear
  • Unexpected panic attacks
  • Sense of loss of control with no clear trigger

In the event, a person will expereince the following?
* Pounding or racing heart
* Sweating
* Trembling or tingling
* Chest pain
* Feelings of impending doom
* Feelings of being out of control

52
Q

What percentage range of the population experiences social anxiety disorder?

A

2.5-7% of people experience this disorder?

53
Q

What are the characteristics of social anxiety disorder?

A
  • Confusion
  • Embarrasment
  • Awkwardness
  • Nausea

These are common characteristics of what disorder?

54
Q

What are 3 common expressions of mood disorders?

A
  • Depression
  • Bipolar
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder

These are common expressions of what disorder?

55
Q

What are the barriers to those with psychological disorders?

A
  • Limited healthcare
  • Social stigma
  • Lack of knowledge
  • Inability to articulate symptoms
  • Lack of support for cognitive, emotional, or behavioral challenges

These are barriers for what kind of disability?

56
Q

Name at least 8 solutions for those with psychological disorders

A
  • Extra time
  • Quiet and calm spaces
  • Reduced distractions
  • Simplify
  • Avoid overly bright light
  • Various presentations of information
  • Highlight important information
  • Meditation
  • Memory aids
  • Apps to manage anxiety and mood
  • Reminder apps
  • White noise
  • Noise monitoring apps

These are common solutions for what kind of disability?

57
Q

What are some characterizations of someone with multiple/complex disabilities? (3 things)

A
  • Impaired speech and communication skills
  • Impaired mobility
  • Needing help with everyday activities

These are common characteristics of what disability type?

58
Q

What are common barriers for those with multiple/complex disabilities?

A
  • Education
  • A lack of understanding of the complexity of a person’s needs
  • Social isolation and discrimination

These are barriers for what kind of disability?

59
Q

Name at least 6 viable solutions for those with multiple/complex disabilities.

A
  • Extra time
  • Simplified environment
  • Plain language
  • Reduced distractions
  • Picture dictionaries
  • Manipulatives
  • Physical therapy
  • Occupational therapy
  • Speech therapy
  • Assigned aids to assist with functioning
  • Simplified interface and content
  • Provide information through various means – text, audio, images
  • Allow adequate time to complete tasks
  • Highlight most important information
  • Assistive Technologies
  • Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices
  • Hearing aids
  • Sign language
  • Memory aids
  • Teacher’s or personal assistant

These are all viable solutions for what disability type?

60
Q

True or false: Accommodations are one-size-fits-all modifications, for goods, services, or environments so that a person with a disability has equal access and can perform the same tasks as a person without a disability.They may or may not be protected by legislation.

A

FALSE.

They are individualized modifications, protected by legislation, for goods, services, or environments so that a person with a disability has equal access and can perform the same tasks as a person without a disability.

What term is this?

61
Q
A

CPACC | WHS Design Team (4 decks)

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