DNA Structure & Replication (PPT1) [U4/T1]

Question 1

What are the 4 types of macromolecules (polymers) and their associated monomer

Answer 1

Macromolecule - Monomer
Nucleic acid - Nucleotide 
Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides 
Lipid - Glycerol & fatty acids 
Protein - Amino acid

Question 2

What are nucleic acids involved in?

inheritance

Answer 2

The transmission of inherited information

Question 3

What are the two main types of nucleic acids involved with inheritance?

Answer 3

• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

- Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 4

What are nucleic acids, and what are they made of

Answer 4

Nucleic acids are polymers made up of many units (monomers) called nucleotides

Question 5

What are the three components of Nucleotides

Answer 5

• a phosphate group
• a sugar (DNA or RNA)
• a base (5 potentials)

Question 6

Fill in the following information about DNA:
Sugar - 
Strands - 
Bases - 
Types of -

Answer 6

Sugar - Deoxyribose
Strands - Double
Bases - Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine
Types of - Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic, chloroplasts & mitochondria, plasmids

Question 7

Fill in the following information about RNA:
Sugar - 
Strands - 
Bases - 
Types of -

Answer 7

Sugar - Ribose
Strands - Single
Bases - Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine
Types of - Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA

Question 8

2ND PAGE CN 1

Answer 8

IDK

Question 9

What is the role of the histone

Answer 9

• Proteins organise the DNA into tightly coiled structures during cell division
• Coiling into compact structures allows the chromatids to separate without tangling during cell division.

Question 10

LABEL EACH LEVEL OF DNA PACKAGING IN THE EUKAROTIC CHROMOSOMES WITH THE APPROPRIATE TERM

Answer 10

DIAGRAM

Question 11

IN SUMMARY

Answer 11

• Nucleic acids are involved with the transmission of inherited information.

Question 12

What are the three major stages of DNA replication

Answer 12

Stage 1 - Unwinding and unzipping
Stage 2 - Elongation
Stage 3 - Termination

Question 13

Summarise stage 1 of DNA replication

Answer 13

• The DNA is unwound to allow replication to occur.

- Breaks the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides

Question 14

Summarise stage 2 of DNA replication

Answer 14

• A new DNA strand is made, using the original as a template.
• New DNA is formed by adding free nucleotides
• Free nucleotides are joined together by enzyme polymerase

Question 15

Summarise stage 3 of DNA replication

Answer 15

• DNA synthesis is complete
• DNA molecule assumes a double helix structure
• Outcome is two double-helix DNA molecules, each containing a single strand of DNA.

Question 16

Explain the function of the enzyme helicase in DNA replication

Answer 16

• Unwinds and unzips by breaking the hydrogen bonds

- Requires energy supplied by ATP

Question 17

Explain the function of the enzyme DNA Polymerase in DNA replication

Answer 17

• Create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides
• Makes a copy by pairing complementary nucleotides to the template strand
• Only travel in 5’ 3’ direction
• Have a proof reading mechanism