DNA Structure and Topology Flashcards
Central Dogma
DNA (Replication)–>RNA–>Protein
DNA to RNA=transcription
RNA to protein=translation
Gregor Mendel
Founded “genes”
Punnett Squares: probability of inheritance
Johann Friedrich Miescher founded what?
Nuclein: substance containing both phosphorus and nitrogen
now known to be called nucleic acid
Fredrick Griffith
Founded that DNA is the carrier or hereditary material
Griffiths transforming factor
What are the 4 characteristics of a molecule capable of acting as genetic material?
- Stability
- Accurate replicability
- Mutability
- Ability to encode information for various characteristics
Griffiths Transforming Factor
DNA transferred from heat killed to the nonvirulent bacteria
Avery & Company
Founded that deoxyribonuclease prevented the death of rat
Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey
Used the bacteriophage to prove that DNA is the genetic material.
* Proteins do not carry hereditary info
Bacteriophages are viruses that can infect bacteria
Chargaff’s Rule
Base pairs in DNA appear in equal amounts
AT
GC
AG=purines, TC=pyrimidines
Rosalind Elsie Frankland
Used x-rays to show DNA had helical structure and was double stranded
Watson and Crick
Used Franklin’s xray data and built the first model of DNA
How many H bonds in an A-T base pairing?
2
G:C has 3
What are the different conformations of the DNA double helix?
A,B, Z DNA
A: slightly dehydrated
B: chromosomal DNA mostly is made up of this
Z: repeating patterns of purines/pyrmidines (GCGCGCGC…)
What is supercoiling?
Wrapping around intself to condense the space it takes up.
* Negative (Right handed)
* Positive (Left handed)
Gyrase (topoisomerase II)
What is supercoiling?
Wrapping around intself to condense the space it takes up.
* Negative (Right handed)
* Positive (Left handed)
Gyrase (topoisomerase II)-enzyme that regulates level of supercoiling
